Upper Limb: From Royal Collection Da Vinci Drawings

UPPER LIMB
• What is a limb?
• Skeleton
• Joints
• Shoulder/Scapula
muscles
• Brachial plexus—
getting spinal nerves
out onto limb
• Muscles—anterior
and posterior
compartments
• Sensory innervation
• Surface anatomy
From Royal Collection da
Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb Vinci drawings
What is a limb?
• Ventral somatic outgrowth of
outer tube
– Bones (made of bony tissue,
cartilage, and other tissues)
– Joints
– Muscles
– Nerves (with motor neurons to
muscles, sensory neurons to
skin, proprioceptors)
• No viscera--all innervation is
somatic (motor or sensory)
from ventral ramus of spinal
nerve (except autonomics to
blood vessels)
Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb
Upper Limb Skeleton
• Scapula
• Humerus
• Radius, ulna
• Carpals--
proximal, distal
• Digits
– Metacarpals
– Phalanges

Joints
JOINT BETWEEN MOVEMENT TYPE

Muscle origins and insertions
• Muscle crosses joint
• Origin is usually proximal and
insertion is usually distal
• Origin is considered fixed in
analyzing muscle action
• Muscle action (concentric) is
given by movement of
insertion relative to origin
across joint
• Remember:
– Sometimes insertion might be
fixed
– Muscle may be active
isometrically and concentrically
giving different real function
during real activity
Muscles of Scapula
• If INSERTION on scapula,
muscle moves scapula
– Trapezius
– Rhomboids
– Pectoralis Minor
– Serratus Ventralis
– Levator Scapulae
• If ORIGIN on scapula,
muscle moves arm
– Teres Major
– Latissimus Dorsi (partially
on scapula)

Rotator Cuff
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Subscapularis
• Muscles originate on
fossae of scapula
• Help support “open
socket” of shoulder
joint
• Insert around ball of
femur
• Medial and lateral
rotation of upper limb
• Typical baseball
pitcher injury
Axilla = Armpit
• Region between arm and chest
• Boundaries
– Ventral - pectoral muscles
– Dorsal = latissimus dorsi, teres major
subscapularis
– Medial = serratus ventralis
– Lateral = bicipital groove of humerus
• Contents
– Axillary nerves and blood vessels
– Axillary lymph nodes
– And….the……Brachial plexus

Brachial Plexus
• Posterior Compartment—posterior cord

• Anterior compartment—medial, lateral cords
• Name of cord is relative to axillary artery
Brachial plexus organizes nerves out to
muscles of upper limb
• One posterior nerve

– Radial n.
• Three anterior nerves
– Musculocutaneous n.
– Median n.
– Ulnar n.

Muscles and nerves by compartment
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR
NERVES M-C, ulnar, Radial
median
MOVEMENT Flexion Extension
MUSCLES Biceps, Triceps,
flexors extensors
TWIST Flexors from Extensors from
medial lateral
epicondyle epicondyle

POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR COMPARTMENTS

• Biceps—anterior compartment, flexion (M-C n.)
• Triceps—posterior compartment, extension (radial n.)
Anterior Compartment Forearm--flexors
Medial Epicondyle
Brachioradialis
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Retinaculum
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Anterior View
Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb is deep to other flexors
Posterior Compartment of Forearm--extensors
Lateral Epicondyle
Brachioradialis
Extensor digitorum
Ext Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Posterior View
ANTERIOR MUSCLES
• M-C nerve
– Biceps
– brachialis
POSTERIOR MUSCLES
• Median nerve
– Forearm flexors • Muscles (radial nerve)
– Thumb intrinsics (1M$ – Triceps
nerve) – Anconeus
• Ulnar nerve – Brachioradialis
– Flexor carpi ulnaris – Carpal, digit extensors
– Hand intrinsics

Sensory from limb
(dermatomes/sensory skin
segments from spine)
• Dermatomes extend
over limbs
• Twisted orientation
reflects twisting of
limb during
development
• Named nerves
generally innervate
skin over muscles
that they innervate

Sensory territory of nerves
REMEMBER: Brachial
plexus re-directs spinal
routes into named nerves
covering certain territory
Cutaneous branches of medial

cord/ulnar nerve

Routes of nerves (in human)
• M-C: between biceps brachii and brachialis
• Median: medial/posterior to biceps, branches into
forearm flexors at elbow then to hand through
carpal tunnel
– Recurrent median (1M$) superficial at wrist to thumb
over thenar emminence) deficit - ape’s hand
• Ulnar: medial in arm, posterior to medial epicondle
of humerus (funny bone) down medial forearm
medial to carpal tunnel into palm
• Radial: deep posterior arm around lateral
epicondyle of humerus to forearm (deep and
superficial branches)
Median Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Brachial Artery
Musculocutaneous Nerve UlnarArtery
Where’s Radial Nerve?
Radial Artery
Median Nerve
Ulnar Nerve

Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb
• Biceps + Triceps brachii
• Olecranon Process
• Medial Epicondyle
• Cubital Fossa
– Anterior surface elbow
– Contents
• Brachial Artery
• Median Nerve
– Boundaries
• Medial = Pronator teres
• Lateral = Brachioradialis
• Superior = Line between epicondyles

• Carpal Tunnel
Surface Anatomy – Carpals concave
of Upper Limb anteriorly
– Carpal ligament covers it
– Contains: long tendons,
Median nerve
– Inflammation of tendons =
compression of Median
nerve
• Anatomical Snuffbox
– Lateral = E.pollicis brevis
– Medial = E. pollicis longus
– Floor = scaphoid, styloid
of radius
– Contains Radial Artery
(pulse)
Suggestion: a muscle table
organized by
Joint crossed?
Nerve innervating?
Action?
Compartments?
All of the above?
MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATI ON

(cord to nerve)
Biceps Flex, sup. Humerus, Radial Medial cord—M-C.
glenoid tuberosity


Upper Limb: From Royal Collection Da Vinci Drawings

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Upper Limb: From Royal Collection Da Vinci Drawings

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Upper Limb: From Royal Collection Da Vinci Drawings

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UPPER LIMB

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

• Posterior Compartment—posterior cord

• One posterior nerve

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Cutaneous branches of medial

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Where’s Radial Nerve?

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATI ON

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

You might also like