Module 5

Installing and configuring Hyper-V

and virtual machines
Module Overview

Overview of Hyper-V
Installing Hyper-V
Configuring storage on Hyper-V host servers
Configuring networking on Hyper-V host servers
Configuring Hyper-V virtual machines
• Managing virtual machines
Lesson 1: Overview of Hyper-V

What is Hyper-V?
New Hyper-V host features in
Windows Server 2016
New Hyper-V virtual machine features in
Windows Server 2016
• Windows Server Containers and Docker in Hyper-V
What is Hyper-V?

• Hyper-V is the hardware virtualization role in

Windows Server 2016
• Subdivide the hardware capacity and allocate the
capacity to multiple virtual machines.
• The hypervisor controls access to hardware
• Hardware drivers are installed in the host
operating system
• Many guest operating systems are supported:
• Windows Server 2008 SP2 or newer
• Windows Vista SP2 or newer
• Linux
• FreeBSD
New Hyper-V host features in Windows Server 2016

New features for Hyper-V hosts include:

• Host resource protection
• Hyper-V Manager improvements
• Nested virtualization
• Rolling Hyper-V cluster upgrades
• Shielded virtual machines
• Start order priority
• Storage QoS
• PowerShell Direct
New Hyper-V virtual machine features in
Windows Server 2016

New features for virtual machines include:

• Discrete device assignment
• Hot add or remove for network adapters and memory
• Integration services delivered through Windows
Update
• Key storage drive
• Linux Secure Boot
• Memory and processor capacity improvements
• Production checkpoints
• Virtual machine configuration file format
• Virtual machine configuration version
Windows Server 2016 - Hyper-V

Windows Server Windows Server 2016

2012/2012 R2 Standard & Datacenter
Standard &
Datacenter
Physical (Host) Up to 4 TB per Up to 24 TB per physical
Memory Support physical server server (6x)
Physical (Host) Up to 320 LPs Up to 512 LPs (1.6x)
Logical Processor
Support
Virtual Machine Up to 1 TB per VM Up to 12 TB per VM
Memory Support (12x)
Virtual Machine Up to 64 VPs per VM Up to 240 VPs per VM
Virtual Processor (3.75x)
Support
Hyper-V Integration services

• Improve integration Between the host server and

VM
• Enhanced performance in VMs
• Allow the VM to communicate with HV Host
• Make use Synthetic devices provisioned to the
VM by Hyper-V
• Replacing generic OS driver files for Network,
SCSI controller etc..
• Create VM Gen2 for use Synthetic Driver and
better performance
Hyper-V Integration services

• Operating system Shutdown

• Permit shutdown VMs OS from Hyper-V Management Interface

• Time Synchronization
• Synchronize VM Time With Time from HyperV host. Recommended Disable on
Active Directory Environments
• Data Exchange
• Allows for the Sharing of Information between the HV Host and Vms

• Heartbeat
• Monitors the state of running VM and report in Summary Tab on HV Mgmt.
interface
• Backup
• Enable consistent backup of VM from Backup software on host. EJ: Veeam
Backup
• Guest Services
• Allows the HV Administrator to copy file to running VM without using a
network connection (Copy-VMFile PowerShell Cmdlets)
Windows Server Containers and Docker in Hyper-V

• Virtual machines provide hardware virtualization

• Containers provide operating system
virtualization:
• Isolated namespace
• Controlled access to hardware

• Benefits of containers:
• Faster startup and restarts
• High deployment density

• Docker is the management software for

containers
• Hyper-V containers provide greater isolation
Windows Server Containers and Docker in Hyper-V

Containers Hyper-V containers

Container Container
Container

Container

Container Windows Windows

Server 2016 Server 2016

Windows Server 2016 Hypervisor

Hardware Hardware
Lesson 2: Installing Hyper-V

Prerequisites and requirements for installing Hyper-

V
Demonstration: Installing the Hyper-V role
• Nested virtualization
Prerequisites and requirements for installing Hyper-V

• Use Systeminfo.exe to verify that hardware

requirements are met for Hyper-V

• The host must have sufficient resources to meet

the requirements of the virtual machines:
• Processor – 64 Bits / SLAT / Intel-VT / AMD-V
• Memory – 4GB Ram for Role and Memory for alls VMs
• Storage
• Network
Demonstration: Installing the Hyper-V role

• In this demonstration, you will see how to install

the Hyper-V server role
Nested virtualization

• Enables a Hyper-V guest virtual machine to be a

Hyper-V host as well
• Useful for development and test servers
• Requirements:
• At least 4 GB of static memory
• MAC address spoofing enabled
• Virtual machine configuration version 8.0
• Set-VMProcessor -VMName DemoVM -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true

• Some features are not available in the guest

virtual machine running Hyper-V
• Dynamic Memory/Hot add Static Memory/Checkpoints/Live
migration/Save or Restore state
Lesson 3: Configuring storage on Hyper-V host servers

Storage options in Hyper-V

Considerations for virtual hard disk formats and
types
Fibre Channel support in Hyper-V
Where to store virtual hard disks?
Storing virtual machines on SMB 3.0 shares
• Demonstration: Managing storage in Hyper-V
Storage options in Hyper-V

• Virtual hard disk formats:

• .vhd
• .vhdx
• .vhds

• Virtual hard disk types:

• Fixed-size
• Dynamically expanding
• Pass-through
• Direct access to a physical disk or SCSI (LUN) offers better
performance
• Differencing
Considerations for virtual hard disk formats and types

• Create .vhdx virtual hard disks unless you need

backward compatibility with Windows Server 2008 or
Windows Server 2008 R2
• A dynamically expanding .vhdx-formatted virtual hard
disk is suitable for production workloads
• The free space shown by dynamically expanding
virtual hard disks is not equal to physical free space
• Multiple layers of differencing disks decreases
performance
• If you modify a parent disk, the differencing disk is no
longer valid
• You can relink a differencing disk to a parent disk
Fibre Channel support in Hyper-V

The virtual Fibre Channel adapter:

• Allows a virtual machine to connect to a Fibre
Channel SAN directly
• Requires the Hyper-V host to have a Fibre
Channel HBA
• Requires the Fibre Channel HBA driver to support
virtual Fibre Channel
• Get-InitiatorPort for display WWN address
Where to store virtual hard disks?

• Storage performance is a critical factor in virtual

machine performance
• Consider the following when planning storage
for Hyper-V:
• High-performance connectivity to storage
• Redundant storage
• High-performance storage
• Adequate growth space

•Format Volume With ReFS File System 64k Sector

Size
Storing virtual machines on SMB 3.0 shares

• SMB 3.0 is available in Windows Server 2012 and

later
• Hyper-V can store the following on an SMB 3.0
file share:
• Configuration files
• Virtual hard disks
• Checkpoint files

• Scale-Out File Server:

• Provides highly available file shares
• Has storage QoS policies
• Provides redundant servers for accessing a file share.
Demonstration: Managing storage in Hyper-V

In this demonstration, you will see how to create a

differencing disk based on an existing disk by
using both Hyper-V Manager and Windows
PowerShell
Lesson 4: Configuring networking on Hyper-V
host servers

Types of Hyper-V networks

Demonstration: Configuring Hyper-V networks
Best practices for configuring Hyper-V virtual
networks
• New Hyper-V networking features in Windows
Server 2016
Types of Hyper-V networks

• Use Virtual Switch Manager to create different

types of virtual networks:
• External
• Internal
• Private
• NAT switch – PowerShell only

• You can also:

• Configure VLANs
• Capture data travelling through a switch
• Filter data travelling through a switch
Demonstration: Configuring Hyper-V networks

• In this demonstration, you will see how to create

a public and a private network switch
Best practices for configuring Hyper-V virtual networks

When configuring virtual networks:

• Use NIC Teaming on the Hyper-V host to ensure
connectivity to virtual machines if an adapter fails
• Enable bandwidth management to ensure that
no single virtual machine is able to monopolize
the network interface
• Use network adapters that support VMQ
• Use network virtualization to isolate virtual
machines without using VLANs
New Hyper-V networking features in
Windows Server 2016

• QoS for software-defined networking

• VMMQs
• RDMA for virtual switches
• Switch-embedded teaming:
• Adapters must be identical
• New-VMSwitch -Name “ExternalTeam”
-NetAdapterName “NIC1”,”NIC2”
• NAT virtual switch:
• New-VMSwitch -Name “NATSwitch” -SwitchType
NAT
-NATSubnetAddress 172.16.1.0/24
Lesson 5: Configuring Hyper-V virtual machines

What are virtual machine configuration versions?

Virtual machine generation versions
Demonstration: Creating a virtual machine
The hot adding feature in Hyper-V
Shielded virtual machines
Virtual machine settings
• Best practices for configuring virtual machines
What are virtual machine configuration versions?

• Configuration versions allow compatibility for

virtual machines between:
• Windows Server 2012 R2 (version 5.0)
• Windows Server 2016 (version 5.0 or 8.0)

• Virtual machines must be manually updated from

version 5.0 to version 8.0:
• Update-VMVersion “VMName”
• New Hyper-V features in Windows Server 2016 are not
available until the virtual machine configuration version
has been upgraded to the Windows Server 2016 version.
This includes hot add/remove of memory, production
checkpoints, and nested virtualization
Virtual machine generation versions

Generation 2 virtual machines provide the

following functionality:
• Secure boot
• Boot from a virtual hard disk that is connected to a virtual
SCSI controller
• Boot from a virtual DVD that is connected to a virtual
SCSI controller
• PXE boot by using a standard Hyper-V network adapter
• UEFI firmware support
Demonstration: Creating a virtual machine

• In this demonstration, you will see how to create

a virtual machine by using Hyper-V Manager and
Windows PowerShell
The hot adding feature in Hyper-V

• Hot adding requires Generation 2 virtual

machines and Windows 2016 VM OS
• Memory:
• Add memory to virtual machines with static memory
while they are running
• Network adapter:
• Add or remove network adapters on running virtual
machines
•SQL Server or Exchange are not well suited to
Dynamic memory because of how they use
available memory for caching to optimize
performance
Shielded virtual machines

• A shielded virtual machine is:

• Protected from anyone with access to the Hyper-V host
• A Generation 2 virtual machine with a virtual TPM
• Protected by BitLocker

• The Host Guardian Service has two attestation

modes:
• Admin-trusted attestation
• TPM-trusted attestation
Virtual machine settings

• Integration services allow virtual machines to

access Hyper-V services
• Smart paging allows disks to be used temporarily
during virtual machine startup, when it is highly
needed
• Resource metering monitors resource usage of
virtual machines, for planning
• Discrete device assignment allows direct access
to PCIe devices
• Linux and FreeBSD Generation 2 virtual machines
can use secure boot
Virtual machine settings Resource metering

• Get-VM -Name vmname | Enable-VMResourceMetering

• Get-VM | Format-Table Name, State, ResourceMeteringEnabled
Best practices for configuring virtual machines

• Use Dynamic Memory unless an application does

not support it
• Avoid using differencing disks
• Use multiple network adapters to separate
physical networks for high availability
• Store each virtual machine’s files on a separate
volume
Lesson 6: Managing virtual machines

Managing virtual machine state

Managing checkpoints
Demonstration: Creating checkpoints
Importing and exporting virtual machines
PowerShell Direct
• Demonstration: Using PowerShell Direct
Managing virtual machine state

Virtual machine states define what resources are

being used:
• Off
• Starting
• Running
• Paused
• Saved
Managing checkpoints

• Checkpoints allow administrators to make a

snapshot of a virtual machine at a particular
point in time
• Checkpoints do not replace backups
• Standard checkpoints create .avhd files
(differencing disks), which merge back into the
previous checkpoint when the checkpoint is
deleted
• Production checkpoints are created by using VSS
and require starting from an offline state
Demonstration: Creating checkpoints

• In this demonstration, you will see how to create

a production checkpoint and a standard
checkpoint in Hyper-V Manager
Importing and exporting virtual machines

• Import options:
• Register the virtual machine in-place (use the existing
unique ID)
• Restore the virtual machine (use the existing unique ID)
• Copy the virtual machine (create a new unique ID)

• Export options:
• Export a checkpoint
• Export a virtual machine including checkpoints

• Moving virtual machine storage:

• Move all the virtual machine’s data to a single location
• Move the virtual machine’s data to different locations
• Move the virtual machine’s virtual hard disks
PowerShell Direct

• PowerShell Direct:
• Does not require network connectivity
• Can only be used from the host to the virtual machine
• Requirements:
• The host must be running Windows Server 2016 or Windows 10
• The guest must be running Windows Server 2016 or Windows 10
• Windows PowerShell must be running as administrator
• You must use credentials to authenticate to the virtual machine
• Enter a session or invoke a command:
• Enter-PSSession –VMName <VM1>
• Invoke-Command –VMName <VM1>
–Scriptblock {<commands>}
Demonstration: Using PowerShell Direct

• In this demonstration, you will see how to use

PowerShell Direct
Lab: Installing and configuring Hyper-V

Exercise 1: Verifying installation of the Hyper-V

server role
Exercise 2: Configuring Hyper-V networks
Exercise 3: Creating and configuring virtual machines
• Exercise 4: Enabling nested virtualization for a virtual
machine
Logon Information
Virtual machine: 20740C-LON-HOST1
User name: Administrator
Password: Pa55w.rd

Estimated Time: 60 minutes

Lab Scenario

IT management at Adatum Corporation is

concerned about the low utilization of many of
the physical servers that are deployed in the
London datacenter. Adatum also is exploring
options for expanding into multiple branch offices
and deploying servers in public and private clouds.
For this purpose, the organization is exploring the
use of virtual machines.
You will deploy the Hyper-V server role, configure
virtual machine storage and networking, and
deploy the virtual machines.
Lab Review

Do you need to download the script separately for

enabling nested virtualization for each virtual
machine?
• Why did adding a private network not create
an additional virtual network adapter on
LON-HOST1?
Module Review and Takeaways

Review Questions
Real-world Issues and Scenarios
• Tools