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    Ataxia

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    osaka
    This document discusses coordination of movement and different types of ataxia. It describes coordination as accurate, smooth, speedy and effective movement with the least energy and time. Incoordination can be caused by weakness, tremors, sensory defects leading to ataxia, or cerebellar affection also leading to ataxia. There are different types of ataxia including cerebellar, sensory, vestibular, combined and hysterical. Clinical manifestations of cerebellar lesions include hypotonia, dysmetria, decomposition of movement, rebound phenomenon, nystagmus, staccato speech, and abnormal gait. Ataxia can be assessed using tests like finger-nose, finger-finger

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    Ataxia

    Uploaded by

    osaka
    46 views10 pages
    This document discusses coordination of movement and different types of ataxia. It describes coordination as accurate, smooth, speedy and effective movement with the least energy and time. Incoordination can be caused by weakness, tremors, sensory defects leading to ataxia, or cerebellar affection also leading to ataxia. There are different types of ataxia including cerebellar, sensory, vestibular, combined and hysterical. Clinical manifestations of cerebellar lesions include hypotonia, dysmetria, decomposition of movement, rebound phenomenon, nystagmus, staccato speech, and abnormal gait. Ataxia can be assessed using tests like finger-nose, finger-finger

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    ataxia explanation

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    This document discusses coordination of movement and different types of ataxia. It describes coordination as accurate, smooth, speedy and effective movement with the least energy and time. Incoordination can be caused by weakness, tremors, sensory defects leading to ataxia, or cerebellar affection also leading to ataxia. There are different types of ataxia including cerebellar, sensory, vestibular, combined and hysterical. Clinical manifestations of cerebellar lesions include hypotonia, dysmetria, decomposition of movement, rebound phenomenon, nystagmus, staccato speech, and abnormal gait. Ataxia can be assessed using tests like finger-nose, finger-finger

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    46 views10 pages

    Ataxia

    Uploaded by

    osaka
    This document discusses coordination of movement and different types of ataxia. It describes coordination as accurate, smooth, speedy and effective movement with the least energy and time. Incoordination can be caused by weakness, tremors, sensory defects leading to ataxia, or cerebellar affection also leading to ataxia. There are different types of ataxia including cerebellar, sensory, vestibular, combined and hysterical. Clinical manifestations of cerebellar lesions include hypotonia, dysmetria, decomposition of movement, rebound phenomenon, nystagmus, staccato speech, and abnormal gait. Ataxia can be assessed using tests like finger-nose, finger-finger

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    Coordination

    Performance of voluntary movement with least energy and time

    The movement must be:


    • Accurate
    • Smooth
    • Speedy
    • Effective

    Incoordination may be due to


    • Weakness ∆
    • Tremors Extra ∆
    • Sensory defect  Ataxia
    • Cerebellar affection  Ataxia
    Ataxia
    Incoordination of voluntary motor activity in absence of paresis or extrapyramidal lesion.
    Types:
    •Cerebellar
    •Sensory
    •Vestibular
    •Combined
    •Hysterical
    lobe Function Tracts Dysfunction

    Paleocerebellum Ms.Tone Vent.,Dorsal Hypotonia


    Ant. Spino-cerebellar
    Lobe
    Neocerebellum coordination DRTCT 2N
    Post.
    Dentato-Rubro- Nystagmus
    Lobe Thalamo-Cortical Nodding
    2D
    Dysarthria
    Deviation
    2T
    Titubation
    Tremors
    FNL Archicerebellum Equilibrium Vestibulocerebellar Dist. EQ
    Flocculo Stand swaying
    Nodular Walking wide base
    lobe
    Clinical manifestations of cerebellar lesion:
    1.Hypotonia.
    2.Dysmetria: can not estimate the proper range of movement.
    3.Decomposition of movement.
    4.Adiadokokinesis or Dysdiadokokinesis : can not alternate movement accurate
    rapidly.
    5.Rebound phenomenon :can not stop the movement in perfect time.
    6.Ocular sign: Nystagmus (Bilateral, Horizontal, Biphasic )
    7.Staccato speech: Jerky, explosive, slow, interrupted. If ass. with ∆ Scanning.
    8.Gait:
    •Central lesion Trunkal ataxia (staggering gait, wide base, leg opened, fall
    backward> foreword )
    •Hemispherical lesion staggering gait with deviation to side of lesion
    9. Reflexes  Pendular knee jerk
    10. Tremors Kinetic intension tremors “increase at the end of the movement”
    How to examine:

    During : sleep, sitting, standing, marching on straight line (Tandum gait), eye opened
    and closed

    1.Finger to nose test.


    •Dysmetria
    2.Finger to finger test.
    3.Finger to doctor’s finger test. •Kinetic intension tremors
    4.Dysdiadokokinesis •Decomposition of movement
    5.Rebound phenomenon.
    6.Buttoning and unbuttoning test “earliest sign”
    7.Hell to knee test.
    8.Walking along straight line.
    9.Tabbing test.
    10.Hand writing
    Sensory Ataxia
    Loss of proprioceptive deep sensations
    Ch. By:
    •Kinetic tremors on closure of eyes
    •Rhomberg’s test
    •Stamping gait
    •Deep sensory loss
    •Hypotonia & hyporeflexia.

    Vestibular Ataxia
    Lesions of the Vestibular division of 8th CN.
    Ch. By:
    •Vertigo
    •Tinnitus
    •Deafness
    •Nystagmus
    •Impaired tests for vestibular function.
    Cerebellar Ataxia

    Acquired Inherited

    Infectious: Encephalitis
    Mass lesion: Abscess, Neoplasm
    Traumatic
    Vascular: Stroke
    Toxins: Phenytoin
    Systemic: Celiac dis.

    Immune mediated: Multiple sclerosis , paraneoplastic


    Inherited
    Cerebellar Ataxia

    AR Metabolic
    AD XL Mitochondrial
    Abnormalities

    Marie’s Friedreich’s
    Ataxia Ataxia

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