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    Spectroscopic Techniques and Applications: Dr. Abhilasha Mishra

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    ABHILASHA MISHRA
    Spectroscopy is the measurement and interpretation of electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted when molecules, atoms, or ions move between different energy states. The basic principle of spectroscopy techniques is to shine radiation onto a sample and observe how it responds, recording the response as a function of wavelength to create a spectrum. Spectroscopy can provide information on molecular structure, bond lengths and angles, and reaction kinetics by studying transitions between electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels that correspond to different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum such as microwave, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.

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    Spectroscopic Techniques and Applications: Dr. Abhilasha Mishra

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    ABHILASHA MISHRA
    68 views7 pages
    Spectroscopy is the measurement and interpretation of electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted when molecules, atoms, or ions move between different energy states. The basic principle of spectroscopy techniques is to shine radiation onto a sample and observe how it responds, recording the response as a function of wavelength to create a spectrum. Spectroscopy can provide information on molecular structure, bond lengths and angles, and reaction kinetics by studying transitions between electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels that correspond to different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum such as microwave, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.

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    origin of spectra, molecular spectroscopy

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    Spectroscopy 1

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    Spectroscopy is the measurement and interpretation of electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted when molecules, atoms, or ions move between different energy states. The basic principle of spectroscopy techniques is to shine radiation onto a sample and observe how it responds, recording the response as a function of wavelength to create a spectrum. Spectroscopy can provide information on molecular structure, bond lengths and angles, and reaction kinetics by studying transitions between electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels that correspond to different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum such as microwave, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.

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    68 views7 pages

    Spectroscopic Techniques and Applications: Dr. Abhilasha Mishra

    Uploaded by

    ABHILASHA MISHRA
    Spectroscopy is the measurement and interpretation of electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted when molecules, atoms, or ions move between different energy states. The basic principle of spectroscopy techniques is to shine radiation onto a sample and observe how it responds, recording the response as a function of wavelength to create a spectrum. Spectroscopy can provide information on molecular structure, bond lengths and angles, and reaction kinetics by studying transitions between electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy levels that correspond to different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum such as microwave, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.

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    Spectroscopic Techniques

    and
    Applications

    Dr. Abhilasha Mishra


    Spectroscopy
    The term "spectroscopy" defines a large number of techniques that use radiation to obtain
    information on the structure and properties of matter. The basic principle shared by all
    spectroscopic techniques is to shine a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a
    sample, and observe how it responds to such a stimulus. The response is usually recorded
    as a function of radiation wavelength. A plot of the response as a function of wavelength is
    referred to as a spectrum.
    Spectroscopy deals with the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.

    Spectroscopy is the measurement


    and interpretation of electromagnetic
    radiation absorbed or emitted when
    the molecules or atoms or ions of a
    sample moves from one energy state
    to another energy state.

    Electromagnetic spectrum
    Origin of Spectra

    Consider two energy levels of an atom or molecule. The


    one with lower energy level is called ground state energy
    level (Eg) and the one with higher energy level is called
    excited state energy level (Ee).

    Absorption spectrum: results when an atom or electromagnetic radiation


    molecule undergoes a transition from the lower energy
    level to the higher energy one with the absorption of a
    photon of energy hυ. The energy hυ will be equal to the
    energy difference between the two energy levels.

    hυ = ∆E = Ee-Eg = hc/λ

    Emission spectrum: results when an atom or molecule


    undergoes a transition from the higher energy level to the
    ground state with the emission of a photon of energy hυ .
    Spectra can be classified into two categories:

    1. Atomic Spectra: This arises from the transition of an electron between the
    atomic energy levels. Thus only electronic transitions are involved. It is used to
    obtain detailed information about electronic structure of atoms.

    2. Molecular Spectra: This arises from the transition of an electron between the
    molecular energy levels. Here besides the electronic transitions, electrons can
    undergo rotation as well as vibration. So, molecular spectroscopy i.e the study
    of molecular spectra is more complicated than the atomic spectra but it also
    gives more information.

     It is used in the structural investigations i.e we can determine electronic


    energy levels, bond lengths, bond angles and the strength of the bonds.
     It can be used to monitor changing concentration of reactants or products in
    kinetic studies.
     It gives us an understanding of color.
    Molecular Spectroscopy
    Total Energy of a molecule = E = Electronic energy + Vibration energy + Rotational energy +
    Translational energy

    Electronic energy: A molecule possesses electronic energy which is associated with the
    transition of an electron from the ground state energy level to the excited state by the
    absorption of photons of suitable frequency.
    Vibration energy: The nuclei of the molecule undergoes to and fro motion but its centre of
    gravity does not change
    Rotational energy: The molecule undergoes rotation about the axis passing through the
    centre of gravity
    Translational energy: The molecule undergoes motion but its centre of gravity changes.
    Summary of various types of
    molecular spectra

    Spectra Transitions Region of electromagnetic spectrum

    Rotational Spectra Between the rotational energy levels Microwave ( 1-100cm-1)

    Infrared Between the vibrational energy levels Infrared (500-4000cm-1)

    UV-Vis Between the electronic energy levels Visible (12,500-25,000cm-1)

    UV (25,000 – 70,000cm-1)

    Raman Between the vibrational and rotational energy levels Far and Near infrared regions

    NMR Between the magnetic energy levels of nuclei Radiofrequency

    ESR Between the magnetic energy levels of unpaired Microwave

    electrons
    Thank You

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