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    Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer, Program & Programming Language

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    The document discusses the program development life cycle which includes problem definition, algorithm design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It describes each step of the process and provides an example of calculating the sum and average of two integers to illustrate the life cycle. Standard tools for designing algorithms like pseudocode and flowcharts are also introduced.

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    Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer, Program & Programming Language

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    57 views26 pages
    The document discusses the program development life cycle which includes problem definition, algorithm design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It describes each step of the process and provides an example of calculating the sum and average of two integers to illustrate the life cycle. Standard tools for designing algorithms like pseudocode and flowcharts are also introduced.

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    Chapter 7 (Animation)

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    The document discusses the program development life cycle which includes problem definition, algorithm design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It describes each step of the process and provides an example of calculating the sum and average of two integers to illustrate the life cycle. Standard tools for designing algorithms like pseudocode and flowcharts are also introduced.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    57 views26 pages

    Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer, Program & Programming Language

    Uploaded by

    afiq8686
    The document discusses the program development life cycle which includes problem definition, algorithm design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It describes each step of the process and provides an example of calculating the sum and average of two integers to illustrate the life cycle. Standard tools for designing algorithms like pseudocode and flowcharts are also introduced.

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    of 26

    PART 3

    CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO
    COMPUTER, PROGRAM &
    P R O G R A M M I N G L A N G UA G E

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND


    COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 1


    LESSON OUTCOMES
    Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to:

     Describe what a computer program is


     Explain the importance of programming to computer use
     Appreciate the importance of good programs
     Explain the relationship between compilers, interpreters and
    programs
     Recognize program errors
     Become familiar with the program design process
     
     
     

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 2


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    In designing a program, there is no complete set of rules or specific
    algorithm to follow. However, software developers try to use a reasonably
    consistent problem solving approach for constructing computer programs.

    1. Problem Definition (Analysis) PROBLEM


    2. Algorithm Design SOLVING

    3. Algorithm Implementation (Coding)


    4. Program Testing IMPL EM EN TATIO N
    5. Program Maintenance

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 3


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)

    1 P RO B L E M D E F I N I T I O N ( A NA LYS I S )
     Problem definition is also called the analysis phase. The
    problem is defined to obtain a clear understanding of the
    problem requirement.
     The following questions should be asked to get a complete
    problem specification:
    a. What are the input data?
    b. What are the output (desired) data?
    c. What formula is to be used?
    d. What other assumptions or constraints can be made?
    e. What is the expected output screen?

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 4


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)

    2 A LG O R I T H M D E S I G N
     The specifications derived earlier in the analysis phase are
    translated into the algorithm.
     An algorithm is a step‐by‐step sequence of precise
    instructions that must terminate and describes how the
    data is to be processed to produce the desired outputs. The
    instruction may be expressed in a human language.

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 5


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)

    2 A LG O R I T H M D E S I G N
     An algorithm must satisfy some requirements:
    a. Input and output
    It must have zero or more input and must produce at least
    one output.
    b. Unambiguous
    Every step in algorithm must be clear as to what it is
    supposed to do and how many times it is expected to be
    executed.
    c. Correct and efficient
    It must be correct and efficiently solve the problem for
    it is designed.
    d. Finite
    It must execute its instruction and terminate in a finite
    time.
    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 6
    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    An algorithm can be written or described using several tools:

    2 ( i ) Ps e u d o co d e
     Use English‐like phrases to describe the processing
    task. It is not standardized since every programmer has
    his or her own way of planning the algorithm.

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 7


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    1 tools:
    An algorithm can be written or described using several

    2 Problem
    Style 1

    Problem
    Style 2 (Modular design)

    Begin Begin
    Ps e u d o c o d e s t yl e

    1. Subproblem 1 1. Subproblem 1
    Task 1,1 2. Subproblem 2
    Action 1,1,1 3. End
    Action 1,1,2
    2. Subproblem 2 1. Subproblem 1
    Task 1,2 Task 1,1
    Action 1,2,1 Action 1,1,1
    Action 1,2,2 Action 1,1,2
    End 2. Subproblem 2
    Task 1,2
    Action 1,2,1
    Action 1,2,2
    End

    CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 8


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    An algorithm can be written or described using several tools:

    2 ( i i ) F l owc h a r t
     Use standardized symbol to show the steps the
    computer needs to take to accomplish the
    program’s objective.
     Because flowcharts are cumbersome to revise, they
    have fallen out of favour by professional programmers.
    Pseudocode, on the other hand, has gained increasing
    acceptance.

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 9


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    An algorithm can be written or described using several tools:

    2
    F l owc h a r t Sy m b o l s

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 10


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    An algorithm can be written or described using several tools:

    2 ( i i ) F l owc h a r t ( c o n t . )
     Most computer algorithms consist of at least the following
    processes.
    a. Get the input (data)
    b. Perform the computation (processing)
    c. Display the output (results)

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 11


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)

    3 A LG O R I T H M I M P L E M E N TAT I O N ( CO D I N G )
     The algorithm is translated into a computer program by using a
    specific programming language, for example C++. The process
    called coding, which involves editing, compiling and debugging.

    4 P RO G R A M T E ST I N G
     Program testing requires testing the completed program to verify
    that it produces expected output. A different set of testing data
    is normally used to verify that the program works properly and
    that it is indeed solving the given problem.

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 12


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)

    5 P RO G R A M M A I N T E NA N C E
     Often, there may be new requirements to be added into the
    current program. Making revisions to meet the changing needs
    with ongoing correction of problem are the major efforts in the
    program maintenance.
     As a result, the program codes may be modified, added or
    deleted accordingly. Thus, it is very important that a program is
    well documented for future development.

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 13


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM

     Write a complete C++ program to calculate the


    sum and average of 2 integer numbers, and
    then display the sum and the average of
    those numbers.

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 14


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM

    ST E P 1 : P RO B L E M D E F I N I T I O N ( A NA LYS I S )

    CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 15


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM
    ST E P 2 : A LG O R I T H M D E S I G N ( Ps e u d o c o d e / F l owc h a r t )
    ( i ) Ps e u d o co d e

    CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 16


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM
    ST E P 2 : A LG O R I T H M D E S I G N ( Ps e u d o co d e / F l owc h a r t )
    ( i i ) F l owc h a r t

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 17


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM
    ST E P 2 : A LG O R I T H M D E S I G N ( Ps e u d o co d e / F l owc h a r t )
    ( i i ) F l owc h a r t

    CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 18


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM
    ST E P 3 : A LG O R I T H M I M P L E M E N TAT I O N ( CO D I N G )
    Simple Sequential

    CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 19


    PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (PDLC)
    EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM
    ST E P 3 : A LG O R I T H M I M P L E M E N TAT I O N ( CO D I N G )
    Simple Modular

    CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 20


    Simple Sequential

    21
    Simple Modular

    22
    Simple Sequential
    Defence of Research Proposal (DRP) | 30th of
    23
    October 2014
    Simple Modular

    24
     Describe FIVE (5) steps of Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC).
     Define an algorithm.
     Define a flowchart.
     Define a pseudocode.

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 25


    END OF CHAPTER 1

    CSC126 FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING 26

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