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By: Tekleweyni Geday 1

04/27/2020 Multimedia Application and Development
Chapter one: Introduction to multimedia…
• Definition of multimedia, History of multimedia
• Multimedia building blocks/elements:
• Classification of media types and Multimedia System
• Multimedia application and importance
• Software evaluation criteria
• Rapid prototyping and Development cycle
• The Business of Multimedia
• Multimedia Intellectual property and legal issues

After the end of this chapter students will be able to:
• define multimedia
• explain the elements of multimedia
• categorize the types of multimedia
• Describe the multimedia systems basic characteristics

• Identify different multimedia applications and importance
• Understand the trends of multimedia technologies and issues
• Aware of multimedia business and legal issues

“Tell me and I will forget, show me and I may
remember, involve me and I will understand.”
Confucius
“picture is worth thousand words”
Chinese

Definition of multimedia
• Multimedia is any combination of text, art, sound, animation,
and video delivered to you by computer or other electronic or
digitally manipulated means.
• Multi: more than one
• Medium (singular): middle, intermediary, mean
• Media (plural): means for conveying information
• Mass Media VS. Transmission Media VS. Storage Media VS.

Interaction Media

History of multimedia

Multimedia building blocks/elements:

Multimedia building blocks/elements…
• Text - ASCII/Unicode, HTML, Postscript, PDF
• Audio – Sound, music, speech
• Still Image - Facsimile, photo, scanned image, photographs, drawings, and maps
• Video (Moving Images) – Movie, a sequence of pictures
• Graphics – Computer produced image
• Animation – A sequence of graphics images

Text - ASCII/Unicode, HTML, Postscript, PDF
• Text and symbols are very important for communication in any medium.
• With the recent explosion of the Internet and World Wide Web, text has become
more the important than ever
• Text Used in contents, menus, navigational buttons
• Example OF TEXT FILE FORMAT:

• .TXT
• .DOC
• .PDF

Graphics
• Computer produced image
• Images whether represented analog or digital plays a vital role in

multimedia. It is expressed in the form of still picture, painting or a
photograph taken through a digital camera.
• Common image file format

• .png
• .jpeg
• .bmp

Audio – Sound, music, speech
• Produced by vibration, as perceived by the sense of hearing.
• In multimedia, audio could come in the form of speech, sound effects and also
music score.
• All types of sound including music, spoken voice, sound effects Can be recorded
using a microphone or MIDI instrument, captured from CDs, or downloaded from
the Internet
• Sound is the terminology used in the analog form, and the digitized form of
sound is called as audio.
• Common audio file formats include
• *.WAV for Windows Systems
• *.WMA –windows media player
• *.MP3 – MP3 audio
• *.RA – Real Player
• MIDI files – used by north Macintosh and Windows

Video (Moving Images) – Movie, a sequence of pictures
• Digital video has supplanted analog video as the method of choice for making
video for multimedia use.
• Video in multimedia are used to portray real time moving pictures in a multimedia
project.
• Video also takes a lot of storage space. So plan carefully before you are going to
use it.
• Common video file formats includes:

• .avi , .mp2,
• .mp4, .mov , .rm , .wmv

Animation: A sequence of graphics images
• The illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static

elements.
• In multimedia, animation is used to further enhance / enriched the experience of the
user to further understand the information conveyed to them.
• A series of graphical images are displayed in succession to simulate movement
Animation File Formats
• .gif
• Flash-- *.fla, *.swf


Multimedia building blocks/elements:
Activity 1.1:
• What is file extension and discuss the different type of file extension?
• Which multimedia element requires high storage space? What could
we do to overcome storage space problem?
• Define big data
• How to acquire, and produce text, image, audio, animation and video
in multimedia projects?

Types of Multimedia
• Media are divided into two types in respect to time in their
representation space:
1. Time independent (discrete): Information is expressed only in its
individual value. E.g.: text, image, etc.
2. Time dependent (continuous): Information is expressed not only it’s
individual value, but also by the time of its occurrences. E.g.: sound and
video.
Captured Versus Synthesized Media
Captured media refers to information types captured from the real
world (e.g. Still pictures, moving pictures, and sound).
Synthesized media refers to information types synthesized by the
computers (e.g. Text, graphics and computer animation).

Types of Multimedia
Linear multimedia:
• is not interactive
• users just sit and watch as if it is a movie.
• A movie. A non-interactive lecture / demo show
Non-Linear multimedia:
• users are given the navigational control and can browse the contents
at will.
• interactive
• Games, Courseware

Multimedia System
A Multimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia data
and applications.
A Multimedia System is characterized by the processing, storage,
generation, manipulation and rendition of Multimedia information.
A multimedia system is characterized by
• They must be computer-controlled
• They are integrated.
• The information they handle must be represented digitally.
• The interface to the final user may permit interactivity.

Multimedia Applications and Importance
• Residential services
• Business services
• Education
• Science and technology
• Entertainment
• Medicine, Web applications, etc.

Multimedia Applications and Importance…
Multimedia in information centers
• Libraries and information centers especially in the era of digital
libraries may have all the content in various multimedia files.
• Digital libraries are electronic libraries in which large numbers of
geographically distributed users can access the contents of large
and diverse repositories of electronic objects ± networked text,
images, maps, sounds, videos, hypermedia and multimedia
compositions.
• Librarians develop collections in alignment with their
organizational goals. In doing so, they should be aware of content
available.

Multimedia in information centers …
• make the teaching learning process more effective.
• Multimedia networking has provided the ability to disseminate
information to a wide range of users in educational institutions,
libraries, etc.
• inform and train large number of users in uniform and consistent
manner.
• The users can view any subject at any time, based on their
information needs.

Multimedia in education
• According to Dr. Albert Mehrabian, a specialist in
interpersonal communication at the University of
California, says:
Multimedia allows for seeing, hearing and doing (multi-
sensory system)
• Multimedia enhances the way we learn and understand
about things.
• Integration of multiple media such as text, audio, video,
graphics and animation together multiply the impact of the
message.
Multimedia in education…
advantages of integrating multimedia in the classroom
• Multimedia activities encourage students to work in groups, express
their knowledge in multiple ways, solve problems, revise their own
work, and construct knowledge.
• Multimedia also helps in increasing learning effectiveness and is
more attractive over traditional, lecture-based learning methods.
• It also offers system portability and frees the teacher from routine
tasks.
• Multimedia application in education includes individualized
instruction, collaborative learning, computerized assessments and
Multimedia presentations, podcasting, webinars, learning
management
Multimedia Software evaluation criteria
Choosing Authoring System and software based on:
• Target playback system
• Desired features
• Development timeline
• Budget
• Developer’s expertise

Challenges of Multimedia Computing
Memory space requirement: multimedia data need a lot of space to
store At least 256MB main memory; More than 50 GB secondary
storage; TB’s of tertiary storage.
Data transmission bandwidth: Multimedia needs very high bandwidth
to transmit. Faster network (up to 25Mbs per video stream) with very
high bandwidth to transmit.
Complexity of multimedia data management: Multimedia needs more
complex and more efficient algorithms, say for Automatically
analyzing, indexing and organizing information in audio, image and
video is much harder than from text. They involve many different
research issues.
Hardware platforms: Multimedia data need efficient hardware
platforms Better CPU, graphics card, video card, sound card.
Rapid prototyping
• A prototype is a partially developed product that enables customers
and developers to examine some aspect of a proposed system and
decide if it is suitable for a finished product.
• Prototype allows seeing all the design ideas and solutions in action.
• Prototype helps us to
• do the storyboards and flowchart work
• separates good and bad ideas
• Gives real-world feedback
• Allows making changes before development starts

The Business of Multimedia
• With help of multimedia businesses to run more smoothly and
effectively.
• Business applications for multimedia include presentations, training,
marketing, advertising, product demos, simulations, databases,
catalogs, instant messaging, and networked communications.
• Multimedia marketing includes Public relations, press releases, press
kits, trade shows, Promotions, Advertising, Meetings, presentations
and negotiations and Product demonstrations.

Multimedia Intellectual property and legal issues
Copyright
• Copyright protection applies to ―original works of authorship field
in any tangible medium of expression. before you can use someone
else’s work in your multimedia project, you must first obtain
permission from the owner of the copyright.
Electronic rights
• the rights to publish a work in a computer-based storage and delivery
medium such as a CD-ROM or on the Web.
• Since the late 1980s, investors in the multimedia marketplace have
been quietly purchasing electronic rights (the right to reproduce
works in electronic form).

Multimedia Intellectual property and legal issues…
• copyright infringement
• unauthorized use of copyrighted material
• Public domain
• the work was never copyrighted in the first place or its copyright protection
has expired over time and not been renewed;
• you can use public domain material without a license.
• Fair use/ exemption from copyright
• for the sake of the public benefit and enhance research and development
• Reproduction for Personal Purposes, Quotation, Reproduction for Teaching,
Reproduction by Libraries, Archives and Similar Institutions and Reproduction
and Adaptation of computer program, and free of charge.
• Ethiopian copyright and neighboring right protection
proclamation
Multimedia Intellectual property and legal issues…
Activity
• Why a multimedia production company and website
development company require intellectual property lower
or attorney?
• What is expected if individuals and company breaks the
copyright law in Ethiopian context?

Chapter 1 Summary Discussion points
• Multimedia building blocks/elements
• Discuss characteristics of Multimedia System
• Multimedia application and importance in library and
education
• List software used for multimedia production and discuss
how you choose multimedia software
• Rapid prototyping
• Discuss copyright issue in multimedia

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Chapter Two: Multimedia Development Process …
Multimedia Development Process

• Discuss the multimedia development basic stages
• Discuss the intangible elements needed to make good multimedia:

creativity, organization, and communication skill
• Identify the typical members of a multimedia project team and
describe the skills that they need for their work
• Understand the importance of selecting and managing a team in
order to produce successful multimedia projects
Multimedia Development Process…


Multimedia development is a project-based process. Well-developed
plan for multimedia product will save time, money and multiple
modifications. The rule of thumb for development is 80% for planning
and 20% for production.


• Here are the four basic stages in a multimedia project:

In planning and costing stage:
• Determine the scope, messages and objectives of a multimedia
project
• Target Audience identification based on age, gender, income range,
language, nationality, disability, and computer literacy
• Schedule, Prepare a budget
• Estimate the cost, timeline, and tasks required to complete a project
• Write and structure the elements of a multimedia project proposal
• Develop a creative “look and feel” :
• Storyboarding
• structure and a navigational system
• Flowchart

• Here are the four basic stages in a multimedia project:
Activity: List the tools used for multimedia production/project planning
and costing?
Hint:
• Idea analysis tools
• Budgeting tools
• Scheduling tools
• Estimation tools

• In designing and production stage:
• The structure and user interface are designed, implemented and
continuously
refined.
• Multimedia elements (text, graphics, animation, sound, and
video) are created.
• Content is added.
• Scripts are added.
• The product is revised, based on the continuous feedback
received from the client.

Testing…
• Test your programs to make sure that they meet the objectives of
your project, work properly on the intended delivery platforms, and
meet the needs of your client or end user.
• It is important review a project to ensure the product is bug-free,
accurate, and operationally and visually on target.
• Stages of Testing
• Alpha Testing:
• Beta Testing:

Testing…
Alpha Testing:
• usually conducted in-house and restricted to the development team.
Alpha testing is the first phase of project testing.
• The alpha testing group usually consists of colleagues’ friends and
those who are known to the organization.
• Alpha testing is usually done in-house by team members.
Beta Testing:
• Beta testing is the final functional test before release to get feedback
from as wide as variety of potential users as possible.
• The beta testing group should be representative of real users and
should not include persons who have been involved in the project’s
production.
Testing…
• After the "bugs" are fixed, the final version of the program is released
to the general public.
• Once the application is tested and revised, it enters the packaging
stage.
• It could be burned into a CD-ROM or published on the internet as a
website.
Publishing to Gold
• Terms that are used to indicate the version status of the project: –
• Bronze: close to being finished
• Release candidate: approach a gold master
• Gold master: nothing is left to change or correct; ready for mass
production
Delivering
• Package and deliver the project to the end user.
• If you completed multimedia project will be delivered to consumers
or to a client who will install the project on many computers you will
need to prepare your files so they can be easily transferred from your
media to the user’s platform.
• It is important to provide well-written documentation
• Delivering the project on an optical disc (e.g.: CD-ROM, DVD-
ROM) is the most popular method among multimedia developers.
• Multimedia can also be delivered on the Web by hosting the pages on
a web server.
Activity: Briefly discuss the need of documentation in multimedia.

Multimedia skill set and development team
• To produce good multimedia, you will need a similar diverse range of
skills—detailed knowledge of computers, text, graphic arts, sound,
and video.
• the multimedia skill set, may be available in a single individual or,
more likely, in a composite of individuals working as a team.
• To make good multimedia we need
• Hardware
• Software
• Good ideas
• Talent
• Skill
• Good organization of works and Communication

Multimedia skill set and development team…
• Successful multimedia projects begin with selecting “team players.”
But selection is only the beginning of a team-building process that
must continue through a project’s duration.
• Team building refers to activities that help a group and its members
function at optimal levels of performance by creating a work culture
that incorporates the styles of its members.
Activity
• Formulate a multimedia two team for video production company
and web Development Company
• List the responsibility and skill required by multimedia production
team for video production, Tutor-CD and multimedia web
development

Activity
• Formulate a multimedia two team for video production company
and web Development Company
• List the responsibility and skill required by multimedia
production team for video production, Tutor-CD and multimedia
web development

Multimedia Team (Prof. Wes Baker – Cedarville University, Ohio):
• Executive Producer
• Producer/Project Manager
• Creative Director/Multimedia Designer
• Art Director/Visual Designer
• Artist
• Interface Designer
• Game Designer
• Subject Matter Expert
• Instructional Designer/Training Specialist
• Script Writer
• Animator (2D/3D)
• Sound Producer
• Music Composer
• Video Producer
• Multimedia Programmer
• HTML Coder
• Lawyer/Media Acquisition

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Chapter Three: Multimedia Authoring and UI…
Contents
• Multimedia Authoring
• Multimedia Authoring Metaphors
• Choosing an Authoring Tool
• Multimedia authoring selection Features
• User Interface Design
• Multimedia User interface Components
• User Interface design and guidelines

After the end of this chapter you will able to
• Differentiate different Multimedia Authoring tools
• Discuss the Multimedia Authoring Metaphors/paradigms
• Choosing Multimedia authoring Tools
• Prepare User Interface Design guideline
• Identify the Multimedia User interface Components

Multimedia Authoring
• Multimedia authoring tools provide the important framework you
need for organizing and editing the elements of your multimedia
project.
• Used for designing interactivity and the user interface, for
presenting your project on screen, and for assembling diverse
multimedia elements into a single, cohesive product.
• With multimedia authoring software, you can make
• Video productions, Animations, Games,
• Interactive web sites, Demo disks and guided tours,
• Presentations, Kiosk applications, Interactive training,
• Simulations, prototypes, and technical visualizations

Multimedia Authoring…
Why Multimedia Authoring?
• tools simplify the complex tasks of creating interactive
multimedia
• Reduce time needed to develop an application
• Increase productivity
• Reusability of content
Popular multimedia authoring software includes
• Macromedia AuthorWare,
• Macromedia Director, and
• Macromedia Flash

Multimedia Authoring Metaphors
• Authoring is the process of creating multimedia applications.
• Some common authoring metaphors are as follows:
• Scripting language metaphor: OpenScript
• Slide show metaphor: PowerPoint, ImageQ
• Hierarchical metaphor:
• Iconic/flow-control metaphor: Authorware
• Frames metaphor:
• Card metaphor: SuperCard, HyperCard by Apple
• Cast/score/scripting metaphor:

Multimedia Authoring Metaphors
Card-based
• Elements are organized as pages of a book or a stack of cards.
• Some examples of card- and page-based systems include:
• HyperCard (Macintosh), SuperCard (Macintosh)
• ToolBook (Windows), Visual BASIC (Windows)

Multimedia Authoring Metaphors…
Icon-based: Event driven and object oriented
• Multimedia elements and interaction cues (events) are organized as
objects in a structural framework or process.
• First you build a structure or flowchart of events, tasks, and
decisions, by dragging appropriate icons from a library.
• Non-technical multimedia authors can build sophisticated
applications without scripting.
Some examples of icon-based systems include:
• Authorware Professional (Windows), IconAuthor (Windows)

Multimedia Authoring Metaphors…
Time-based
• Elements are organized along a time line. Example: Animation
Works
• best to use when you have a message with a beginning and an end.
• Uses a movie metaphor
• Time Based Authoring Programs are good for creating animations.
• Flash is a time-based development environment.
• Flash, however, is also particularly focused on delivery of rich
multimedia content to the Web.

Choosing an Authoring Tool
• Important to select an authoring tool that best suits project needs.
• There are a number of factors that will narrow the range of choice:
• the hardware available for development and delivery
• the nature of the multimedia project
• Budget and price
• The market penetration of the tool.
• Desired features
• Development timeline and Developer’s expertise

Multimedia authoring selection Features
• Editing
• Organizing
• Programming
• Interactivity
• Performance Tuning
• Delivery
• Cross Platform
• Internet Playability…

User Interface Design
• The user interface is the system which helps users communicates
with the computer system and/or the application system.
• There are several types of user interfaces:
• Natural-language interfaces, Question-and-answer interfaces
• A menu interface
• Form-fill interfaces
• Command-language interfaces and
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

User Interface Design…
• UI design is an iterative process involving close relationships
between users and designers.
• The three core activities in this process are:
• User analysis
• Understand what the users will do with the system;
• System prototyping.
• Develop a series of prototypes for experiment;
• Interface evaluation
• Experiment with these prototypes with users.

Multimedia User interface Components
• Navigational structures
• linear navigation,
• hierarchical navigation,
• nonlinear navigation, and
• composite navigation.
• Organization
• Storyboard
• sample page on paper that describes roughly the layout.

Multimedia User interface Components
• Hot spot
• Menu:
• Hyperlink
• Buttons
• Icons

User Interface design and guidelines
• The user interface of your multimedia product is a blend of its
graphic elements and its navigation system.
• What will happen if your messages and content are disorganized and
difficult to find?
• Users become disoriented or bored, your project may fail

User Interface design and guidelines…
User Interface Design Considerations
• According Suzanne Martin There are three factors that should be
considered for the design of a successful user interface;
• development factors
• platform constraints, tool kits and component libraries, support
for rapid prototyping, and customizability
• visibility factors
• human abilities, product identity, clear conceptual model, and
multiple representations
• Acceptance factors
• corporate politics, international markets, and documentation and
training.

According Suzanne Martin Principles of User Interface Design
Organize: Consistency, screen layout, relationships and navigability
Consistency: internal, external, real-world consistency and inconsistent
Economize: simplicity, clarity, distinctiveness, and emphasis


User Guidance
• The user guidance system is integrated with the user interface to help
users when they need
• information about the system or when they make some kind of error.
Includes
• System messages, including error messages
• Documentation provided for users
• On-line help

Quiz 1 section 1
True or False
1. Multimedia authoring tools provide the important framework you need for
organizing and editing the elements of your multimedia project.
2. PowerPoint is an example of Iconic/flow-control metaphor.
Choose
3. Using multimedia authoring tools we can develop
A. Video productions B. Simulation C. guided tours D. All E.N one
4. We use multimedia Authoring
A. Miss-use the multimedia contents B. Decrease productivity
C. Tools simplify the complex tasks of creating interactive multimedia D. All
Short Answer
5. List at least two Popular multimedia authoring software

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Chapter Four: Multimedia Database and Web-based Multimedia
• Identify Multimedia database characteristics
• Practice different multimedia search engines
• Multimedia information retrieval
• Define Web-based multimedia and list some advantages and
disadvantages of using multimedia.
• Discuss the different web multimedia technologies

Chapter Four: Multimedia Database and Web-based Multimedia…
Multimedia databases
• Multimedia data typically means digital images, audio, video,
animation and graphics together with text data.
• databases provide functionalities for the easy manipulation, query and
retrieval of highly relevant information from huge collections of
stored data, consistency, concurrency, integrity, security and
availability of data
• Multimedia Databases (MMDBs) have to come up with the increased
usage of a large volume of multimedia data being used in various
software applications.
• MMDB has to provide some new and enhanced functionalities and
features. MMDBs are required to provide unified frameworks for
storing, processing, retrieving, transmitting and presenting a variety of
media data types in a wide variety of formats.
• A multimedia database is a collection of related multimedia data.
Multimedia Database Characteristics
• Lack of structure: Multimedia data often are not quite structured;
therefore, standard indexing and/ content-based search and retrieval
may not be available.
• Temporality: Different multimedia data types have different
requirements.
• Massive Volume: Usually, the data size of multimedia is large such as
video; therefore, multimedia data often require a large storage
device.
• Logistics: Non-standard media can complicate processing. For
example, a multimedia database application requires using
compression algorithms.

Multimedia Information Retrieval (MIR)
• process of searching for and finding multimedia documents
• Information retrieval is more than just search:
• it is browsing, searching, selecting, assessing and evaluating, i.e.,
ultimately accessing information.
Stages of Information Retrieval

multimedia search engines
• Current multimedia databases play an important role on the Web.
• allows a user to find images, audio, video, animation and other
multimedia objects easily from web.

Relational vs. Object Oriented Databases
Relational databases
• Use concise and elegant mathematical model
• Structured as a collection of relations or tables
• Support integrity constraints
• Instances or rows of records in each relation
Object oriented databases
• Provide better complex object support
• Better integration with host programming language
• Extensibility and ability to add new classes
• Better concurrency control and transaction support

Web-based Multimedia
• Multimedia is everything you can hear or see: texts, books, pictures,
music, sounds, CDs, videos, DVDs, Records, Films, and more.
• Modern web pages often have embedded multimedia elements, and
modern browsers have support for various multimedia formats
• today's web browsers have support for a number of multimedia
formats.
• The Web is an effective way to present information. Web browsers
make information easily accessible. Examples of web browsers:
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome
Web-based multimedia:
• is an interactive experience
• incorporates more than one media element
Web-based Multimedia…
• Web-based multimedia (also called rich media):
• Web 2.0
• sites where there is collaboration and information sharing such
as seen in blogs, on wikis, and at social networking sites such as
Facebook and Twitter.
Web-Based Multimedia Applications
Information delivery: Photos of products, video clips, animation to
convey concepts,
E-commerce: Photos of products, samples of movies and music, etc.
Entertainment: Online games, video clips, online music, interactive
activities, etc.
Web-based training (WBT): Delivering instruction via the Web

• Media integration, MIME types
• Media integration: Integrated media is a new form of media content
creation that cohesively integrates content and context across multiple
platforms, such as web, film, print, audio, live event, etc.
• It includes traditional content, branding, branded content, storytelling,
advertising,
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
• MIME is an Internet standard that extends the format of email to
support:
• Text in character sets other than ASCII
• Non-text attachments
• Message bodies with multiple parts and Header information in non-
ASCII character sets
HTML
• Hypertext Markup Language or HTML is the basic website creation
tool.
• The code used in HTML instructs the browser as to how the data is to
be displayed.
• The code comprises of text and tags, the tag also control all the
elements such as color, location of objects and multimedia.
• HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like
• HTML Documents = Web Pages
• HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like
Dreamweaver and plain text editor (like Notepad++).
• When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .html

HTML…
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

HTML…
HTML - Embed Multimedia
• Sometimes you need to add music or video into your web page. The
easiest way to add video or sound to your web site is to include the
special HTML tag called <embed>.
TO EMBED OBJECTS LIKE VIDEO TO HTML
<html>
<body bgcolor="pink">
<title> HOW TO EMBED A VIDEO </TITLE>
<embed src="Multimedia.MP4">
</embed>
</body>

04/27/2020 </html>
Multimedia Application and Development
HTML…
Activity: Create an online portfolio for your learning progress and
achievement
Sample Storyboard for personal online portfolio

HTML…
Activity
• write an html code for the following links and
• Write a code to embed media objects into webpage.

CSS
• CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.
• Styles are normally saved in external.css files.
• External style sheets enable you to change the appearance
and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one
single file.
• All browsers support CSS today.

JavaScript, Java applets
• JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages
• pop-up alert box message, or provide a dropdown menu.
• JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages
• JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the internet, and
works in all
• major browsers. JavaScript is very easy to implement because it is
integrated with HTML

DHTML, Shockwave
Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is an umbrella term for a collection of
technologies used together to create interactive and animated web sites
by using a combination of HTML, JavaScript), CSS), and the Document
Object Model
Shockwave:
allows users with the Shockwave player installed on their computer to
view rich content on their computer and Internet browsers.
Adobe Shockwave is similar to Adobe Flash but gives the programmer
and developer a lot more freedom to create more advanced programs
such as online games
Activity:
what is plugin and list the plugin available in your browser.
SGML, XML, SMIL, SVG
SVG
• scalable Vector Graphics is a graphics standard maintained by (W3C).
• SVG enables you to create two-dimensional Vector Images, which
consists of mathematical representation of objects and can be scaled
infinitely without any loss in Quality.
• Raster or Bitmap images comprises of dots(pixels) while Vector
format comprises of shapes, so when scaled raster images loses
clarity
• Advantages of SVG
• Open-Source
• dynamic and interactive
• familiar to most web programmers
• cross-platform.
SGML, XML, SMIL, SVG…
SVG…

Rich media
• Rich media is information that consists of any combination of text,
images, audio, video, and animation.
• Web-based Multimedia: (aka rich media) refers to multimedia of any
kind located on a Web page.
• Rich media can give the learner more control over the information
received
• Multimedia also includes web pages in HTML or DHTML (XML) on
the World Wide Web, and can include rich media created by various
tools using plug-ins.
• Web sites with rich media require large amounts of bandwidth.

Formats, requirements, and production methods
Multimedia Production Process (limited by Flash)

1. Collect the media elements
• Limited formats
• Images (png, gif, jpeg)
• Audio (wav, aiff) and Video (avi, mov, mpeg
2. Assemble them
• Limited by stage (set resolution)
• Limited by timeline (set frames per second)
3. Add interactivity
• Limited by what Action Script can do
4. Package movie for distribution to the end users
• SWF outputs (mean for Internet, but can be put on DVD).

Distributed Multimedia
• A distributed multimedia system (DMS) is an integrated
communication, computing, and information system that enables the
processing, management, delivery, and presentation of synchronized
multimedia information with quality-of-service guarantees.
• A production that includes multiple media (audio, images, text) can be
tailor for one particular distribution medium.
• CD, DVD, Blu-ray
• Internet (played in a web browser)
• TV Broadcast
• Radio Broadcast

Group Discussion
1) Multimedia Database
2) Multimedia Information Retrieval
3) Web based multimedia: definition, applications, tools and languages
4) Web based multimedia: HTML
5) Web based multimedia: DHTML /JavaScript
6) Web based multimedia: SVG
7) Activity: discuss the basic requirements and process for multimedia
production

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Multimedia Programming and ActionScript
• Define what ActionScript mean
• Differentiate between different versions of ActionScript
• Discuss the basics of ActionScript
• Programming ActionScript using Variable, operator, Conditional
• statement and loops

• Use ActionScript programming in macromedia flash professessional

Multimedia Programming and ActionScript…
ActionScript
• ActionScript is an object-oriented programming language.
• All interactions have two elements: events and actions.
• ActionScript is used primarily for the development of websites and
software targeting the Adobe Flash Player platform, used on Web
pages in the form of embedded SWF files.
• ActionScript is the language you use to add interactivity to Flash
applications

ActionScript 2.0 vs. ActionScript 3.0
• ActionScript are currently being used to create
interactivity on Flash projects.
• Both ActionScript 2.0 and ActionScript 3.0 are available in
the new versions of Flash.
• ActionScript 2.0 is continuing to be supported because it's
sometimes easier to use than the newer ActionScript 3.0.
• If you are a beginning user, consider using ActionScript 2.0.
• If you are an advanced developer, you may choose to use
ActionScript 3.0.

ActionScript 2.0 vs. ActionScript 3.0…
• ActionScript, like other programming languages Provides basic
features to users, such as:
• Variables
• Constants
• Data Types
• Operators
• Conditional Statements and Looping Statements

ActionScript Variables
• Consider a variable a 'jar'.
• A variable is a named container that you can use to hold or reference
some particular data.
• Once you have created a variable, you can store and
• retrieve data in the variable.
Variable Declaration
• var variableName:DataType;

ActionScript Variables…
• Like most programming languages, ActionScript does not allow
certain names.
• All variable names must start with a letter, an underscore (_) .
• The first character cannot be a number
• variable names are case-sensitive
• Variable names can have no spaces.
• The name cannot be a keyword

ActionScript Variables…
Creating Your First ActionScript and variable
• Open a new Flash document.
• Select the first keyframe of the default layer of the main timeline.
• Open the Actions panel by choosing Window ➪ Actions or by
pressing F9.
• The right portion of the Actions panel is the Script pane. Type the
following code into the Script pane:
• pressing CTRL+Enter (Windows) to run the script

ActionScript Data types
• A data type is a type of data in our application. A data type describes a
piece of data and the kinds of operations that you can perform on it.
• You store data in a variable.
• Data types describe the kind of value that a variable or ActionScript
element can contain.

ActionScript operators
• In expressions involving multiple values, there are two types of
ActionScript elements involved: operands and operators.
• The operands are the values on which the operation acts.
• The operators determine the action taken.
• In the expression 4 + 5, for instance, there are two values, or
operands 4 and 5 and there is one operator: the plus operator (+).
• Operators allow you to manipulate operands and form expressions.
• Using operators, you can perform a wide range of tasks
• from adding and subtracting to joining strings together.

ActionScript operators…
• In the Actions toolbox you can see that the operators are grouped into
six categories: arithmetic, assignment, bitwise, comparison, logical,
and miscellaneous.
Arithmetic Operators

Action Script selection/Conditional Statements
• A selection statement, also known as a conditional statement, is a type
of control statement that allows you to perform one action if a
value is true, and another action if a value is false.
• if you are building a Flash site that requires users to log in before they
can access certain sections of a website, you can use an if statement to
validate that the user enters some text in the username and password
fields.

Action Script selection/Conditional Statements
Using the if statement
• Use if statement when you want to execute a series of statements
based on a whether a certain condition is true.
// if statement
if (condition) {
// statements;
}
If-then
var isHappy:Boolean = true;
if(isHappy){
trace ("I am happy!");}

Action Script Loops
• You can use for and while loops to repeatedly execute a block of code.
Working with the for Statement
• A for statement uses an index or a counter to loop through the block
of code a set number of times.
• The following is an example of a for statement that loops 25 times
• Thus results 0, 1, 2…24

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Packaging and Delivery
• Prepare multimedia packaging and delivery plan
• Study the need of multimedia localizations
• Identify data compression technique

Packaging and Delivery…
Packaging
• Packaging is where sales and marketing issues in the process of
making multimedia into the real world of end users.
• The purpose is to impress the users:
• CD – pretty cover, cardboard box, and shrink-wrap that is required
for over-the –counter software sold to customer Web – sufficient
storage media or upload it to a server

Delivery
• Majority of multimedia products sold into retail and business channel
are delivered on CD or DVD and/or World Wide Web
• Advantages of using CD or DVD:
• Inexpensive and for short runs of a product
• Can hold as much as 84 minutes sound or more than 700MB of
data

Delivery…

Localization
• Localization is the process of adapting technical media products into a
form where they are linguistically, functionally and culturally
acceptable in countries outside the original target market.
• These media products take on a variety of different forms, e.g.,
software, help, printed and on-line documentation, web sites, e-mails,
web-based applications, multimedia components (audio, video, and
graphics) and so on.
• A successfully localized service or product is one that appears to have
been developed within the local culture.
Localization…
• localizing a product
• language translation
• time zones,
• currency, local color sensitivities…
• A successfully localized service or product is one that appears to have

been developed within the local culture.

Compression
• Multimedia files are large and consume lots of hard disk space. The
files size makes it time consuming to move them from place to place
over school networks or to distribute over the Internet.
• Compression shrinks files, making them smaller and more practical
to store and share.
• Compression works by removing repetitious or redundant
information, effectively summarizing the content of a file in a way
that preserves as much of the original meaning as possible.

Compression…
• The emergence of multimedia technologies has made digital libraries
a reality.
• Nowadays, libraries, museums, fi1m studios, and governments are
converting more and more data and archives into digital form.
• Some of the data (e.g., precious books and paintings) indeed need to
be stored without any loss.

Compression…
• Data compression Data compression is the process of encoding data
using a representation that reduces the overall size of data.
• This reduction is possible when the original dataset contains some
type of redundancy. Data compression, also called compaction
• Data Compression shrinks down a file so that it takes up less space.
This is desirable for data storage and data communication.
• Why compression?
• Compression tradeoff?

Compression…
• Data compression algorithms The compression methods can be
classified broadly into lossy or lossless compression.
Lossy compression
• can achieve a high compression ratio, 50:1 or higher, since it allows
some acceptable degradation
• cannot completely recover the original data.

Packaging and Delivery..
Compression…
lossless compression
• Lossless compression can completely recover the original data
• Reduces the compression ratio to around 2:1
• Most commonly used to compress multimedia data (audio, video,

and still images), especially in applications such as streaming media
and internet telephony.
• No loss of information.
• Typically required for text and data files, such as bank records and
text articles (Text compression)
Summary Question
1.What are the basic elements of multimedia and discuss their use
2. What are the contemporary multimedia issues
3. Discuss the role of multimedia in information centers
4. Discuss the basic stages of making good multimedia
5. What are the basic requirement for making good multimedia
6.Why designing multimedia user interface is important?
7.Why localization is important in multimedia production?
8. Discuss the multimedia information materials, list, and browse the commonly
multimedia search engines
9. Discuss the technology, language and tools for web based multimedia
1o. Why data compression is important? what compression methods used for lossy
and lossless compression?

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e d ia

By: Tekleweyni Geday 1

• Multimedia building blocks/elements:

• Classification of media types and Multimedia System

• Multimedia application and importance

• Software evaluation criteria

• Rapid prototyping and Development cycle

• The Business of Multimedia

• Multimedia Intellectual property and legal issues

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• Describe the multimedia systems basic characteristics

• Aware of multimedia business and legal issues

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• Mass Media VS. Transmission Media VS. Storage Media VS.

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• Text Used in contents, menus, navigational buttons

• Example OF TEXT FILE FORMAT:

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• Computer produced image

• Images whether represented analog or digital plays a vital role in

• Common image file format

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• Common video file formats includes:

• .mp4, .mov , .rm , .wmv

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• The illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static

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Multimedia Development Process

• Discuss the intangible elements needed to make good multimedia:

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Multimedia Development Process…

and 20% for production.

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Multimedia Development Process…

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