Faculty of Engineering & Technology: by Amit Singh

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
By Amit Singh
Unit-III
ESTIMATION OF OVERHEAD AND UNDERGROUND
DISTRIBUTION LINE
Introduction
An electric power system is the network that supplies a region's
homes and industry with power - for sizable regions, this power
system is known as the grid and can be broadly divided into the
generators that supply the power, the transmission system that
carries the power from the generating centers to the load centers
and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes
and industries. Smaller power systems are also found in industry,
hospitals, commercial buildings and homes.
Modern ac power systems usually consist of the (i) generating
stations (ii) step up transformer stations (iii) transmission lines
(iv)switching stations (v) step down transformer stations
(vi) primary (high voltage) distribution lines or net-works
(vii) service transformer banks (viii) secondary (low
voltage)distribution lines. E
Main components of overhead lines
The main components of an overhead line are the supports (poles or tower),
cross-arms and clamps, insulators, conductors, Guys and stays, lightning
arrestors, fuses and isolating switches, continuous earth wire, vee guards, guard
wires, phase plates, bird guards, barbed wire, danger plates, beads for jumpers,
vibration dampers etc..
Line supports, Factors governing height of pole:

The line supports are of various types including wood, steel, reinforced
concrete poles and lattice steel towers
i. Wooden Poles. These are cheapest, easily available, providing insulating
properties and therefore, are extensively used for distribution purposes, specially
in rural areas, keeping the cost low. Their use is usually limited to low pressures
(up to 22 kv) and for short spans (up to 60m).
the wooden poles, well impregnated with creosote oil or any preservative
compound, have life form 25 to 30 years. The disadvantage of such supports is
that these need periodical inspection because they tend to rot and their life is
short.
Main components of overhead lines Conti…
ii. Steel Poles. The steel poles are of three types (a) rail poles (b) tubular poles
and (c) rolled steel joists.
These poles possess greater mechanical strength and so permit use of longer
spans (50-80 m) but cost is higher. The average life of steel poles is more than 40
years.
iii. RCC Poles. These give good outlook, need no maintenance, have got
insulating properties and resistance against chemical action, very strong and can
be used for longer spans (80-200m) and have very long life. Since these poles are
very heavy, therefore, transportation cost is heavy and require care in handling
and erection.
iv. Lattic Steel Towers. These are mechanically stronger and have got longer life.
Due to robust construction long spans (300 m and above) can be used and are
much useful for crossing fields, valleys, railway lines, rivers etc. Even though
these are two to four times costlier than wooden poles, yet for tall supports and
longer span these prove economical. These towers need periodical painting or
galvanizing for protection against corrosion. Narrow-base lattice steel towers are
used for transmission at 33 kv and broad-base lattice steel towers are used for
transmission at 66 kv and above
Conductor materials
Properties of Overhead Bare Conductors:

Current Carrying Capacity
i. Strength
ii.Weight
iii.Diameter
iv.Corrosion Resistance
v.Creep Rate
vi.Thermal Coefficient of Expansion
vii.Fatigue Strength
viii.Operating Temperature
ix.Short Circuit Current/Temperature
x.Thermal Stability
xi.Cost
Categories of Overhead Conductors:
Homogeneous Conductors:
i.Copper
ii.AAC( All Aluminum Conductor)
iii. AAAC (All Aluminum Alloy Conductor)
iv.The core consists of a single strand identical to the outer strands. Since all
the strands are the same diameter, one can show that the innermost layer
always consists of 6 strands, he second layer of 12 strands, etc., making
conductors having 1, 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, or 128 strands
Non Homogeneous Conductors:
i.ACAR (Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced)
ii.ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced)
iii.ACSS (Aluminum Conductor Steel Supported)
iv.AACSR (Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced
Thank you

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING &

Line supports, Factors governing height of pole:

Properties of Overhead Bare Conductors:

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