GAUSS THEOREM OF

DIVERGENCE
RELATION BETWEEN SURFACE
INTEGRAL AND VOLUME
INTEGRAL
 Statement
The surface integral of the normal component of a vector
functionF taken around a closed surface S is equal to
the integral of the divergence of F taken over the volume
V enclosed by the surface S.

Mathematically
 F .n̂ds   div FdV
S V
 Apply the Divergence theorem to compute

 u.n̂ds, where s is the surface of the cylinder

x 2  y 2  a 2 bounded by the planes z  0, z  b
where u  ix  jy  kz .

Proof.
By Gauss' s Divergence theorem
 u.n̂ds   (div .u )dV
V

 
   i
V  x
  

 j  k . ix  jy  kz dV
y z 

  x y z 
     dV
V  x y z 
  (1  1  1)dV
V

  dV
V

  dxdydz
V

 a b2
Verify divergence theorem for F  4xi  2y j  z k
2 2

taken over the region bounded by the cylinder

x  y  4, z  0, z  3.
2 2
Verify divergence theorem for F  4xi  2y j  z k
2 2

taken over the region bounded by the cylinder

x  y  4, z  0, z  3.
2 2

Z=3

Z=0
X
Y
 Since F 

x


 4x    2y  z
y
2

z

 2
 
 4  4y  2z

  div FdV    4  4y  2z  dxdydz

V V

2 4 x 2 3
     4  4 y  2 z dxdydz  84
 2  4 x 2 0

S
F .ndS   F
S1
.ndS   F .
S2
ndS   F .ndS
S3

On S2 z  3 , we have n  k , F  2xi  2y j  9k

2

F .n  9


S2
F .ndS   9dxdy
S2
 36 
For S3
A vector normal to the surface S3 is

 x y 2 2
 
2xi  2y j xi  y j

 x 2
y 2
 4 2

F .n  2x  y 2 3
 F .ndS   2 x y2 3
 dydz
S3 S3 n.i

2 2
n.i  
x 4y 2

x  2 cos , y  2 sin 
dy  2 cos d

2 3

 F .ndS    d  dz
0 0

 48
Example
Verify the divergence theorem for the function
F  2x y i  y j  4xz k taken over the region
2 2 2

in the first octant bounded by y  z  9 & x  2.

2 2

  .FdV 
 

  i  j

 k
 

 . 
2 x 2
y i  y 2
j  4 xz 2
k dV
V  x y z 

   4xy  2y  8xz dxdydz

 9 y 2
 4xy  2y  8xz dz
2 3
  dx  dy 
0 0 0

2 3

  dx  dy 4xyz  2yz  4xz
0 0
2
 0
9 y 2

=180
 Z

D
E
(0,0,3)

(2,0,0)
0 A X

(0,3,0) B
C

Y
 F .n̂ds   F.n̂ds   F.n̂ds   F.n̂ds   F.n̂ds   F.n̂ds
S OABC OCE OADE ABD BDEC

 F .n̂ds
BDEC

  2x y i  y j  4xz k .n̂ds
BDEC
2 2 2


    2
   i

 j  k  y  z 2  9  
 x y z 

 2y i  2z k
 2y j  2z k y j  zk
n̂  
4y  4z
2 2
y z
2 2

y j  zk

3
  ( 2x y i  y j  4xz k ).
BDEC
2 2 2 y j  zk
3

BDEC

ds    y 3  4xz 3 ds

 y j  zk 
dxdy  ds(n̂.k )  ds .k 
 3 
z dxdy
 ds or ds 
3 z/3

BDEC

   y  4xz3dxdy
z/3
3

 2  3y 3 3
2
  dx     12xz dy
0 0 z 

2   27 sin 3 
2 
  dx    4x(9 cos ) 3 cos d
2

0 0 3 cos  

2

0
2

  dx   27 sin 3   108x cos 3  d
0

 2 2 2 2
  dx  27   108x     ( 18  72x )dx
0  3 3 0


  18x  36x 
2 2
0  108
  F.n̂ds 
OABC

OABC
2 2 2
 
 2x y i  y j  4xz k  k ds

  4xz ds  0 2

OABC
Example
Use Divergence theorem to evaluate  A .dS
S

where A  x i  y j  z k and S is the

3 3 3

surface of the sphere x  y  z  a .

2 2 2 2

 A .dS   divAdV

S V
  
  i
   3
 
 j  k . x i  y j  z k dV
3 3

 x y z 


  3x  3y  3z dV
2 2 2


 3 x  y  z dV
2 2 2

 On putting x  rsincos, y  rsin sin, z  rcos


 3  r r sin drdd
2 2

 
2 2 a
 3  8  d  sin d  r dr 4

0 0 0
  a
r 5

 24     cos   
2
0
2
0

 5 0
   a 5
 24   0  1   
 12  a 5

 2  5 5
Verify DivergenceTheorem, where F  4xzi  y 2 j  yzk
and S is the surface of the cube bounded by the planes,
x  0,x  1,y  0,y  1,z  0,z  1.
ˆ  ˆ  ˆ  
.F   i
 x y z 

 j  k  . 4xziˆ  y 2 ˆj  yzkˆ 
 4z  2 y  y  4z  y

  divFdV   ( 4z  y )dxdydz

V V 111
    ( 4z  y )dzdydx  3 / 2
000
Solution .
 F .n̂ds   F .n̂ds   F .n̂ds   F .n̂ds  ............
S OABC DEFG OAFG

G D

F E

O C Y

A B

X
  F .nˆds    4 xzi  y  
j  yz k  k dxdy
2

OABC OABC
1 1
    yzdxdy =0 (as z = 0)
0 0

 F .nˆds    4 xzi  y  
j  yz k k dxdy
2

DEFG OABC
1 1 1 1
1
   yzdxdy    y (1)dxdy 
0 0 0 0
2

   
4xzi  y 2 j  yzk  j dxdz = 0
OAFG
 11

  4xzi  y   j  dxdz     y dxdz

2 2
j  yzk
BCDE 00
= -1 (as y = 1)

  4xzi  y  
2 11
j  yzk i dydz
ABEF
   4xzdydz
00
11
   4( 1 )zdydz 2
00

  4xzi  y 2 j  yzk i dydz   =0

OCDG
3
 F .nds
ˆ  0 1/ 2 0 1 2 0 
2
S