CORPORATE PROFILE | MAY 2016

Scaffolding – safe erection,

use and maintenance

Summary:
1.General Instructions
2.Responsibilities
3.Associated Hazards
4.Types of scaffold
5.Scaffolding items and materials
6.Scaffolding Standards
7.Scaffold design
8.Erection, Alteration, Dismantling
9.Erection
10.Alteration
11.Dismantling
12.Safe Scaffolding use
13.Inspections and Register
14.Special Scaffolds
15.Scaffold Towers 2
1. General Instructions
Applies to all Tecnimont
projects where Tecnimont
has responsibility for work
execution .

• Purpose:
–Safeguard employees
who work on scaffolds
–Provide instructions for
consistent and
standardized erection, use,
maintenance and
dismantling of scaffolds

3
1. General Instructions

Scaffolding is a temporary structure which provides access and/or working platform that
can be used to support materials, or equipment. It can be divided into two categories:
1. Unit form 2. Tubular scaffolding
work

RF Norms and Regulations

• ГОСТ 27321-87
• ГОСТ 28012-89
• СНиП 12-03-2001. Безопасность труда в строительстве. Часть 1. Общие требования. Пункты с 7.4.1 по 7.4.40.
• МДС 12-25.2006 Леса строительные. Монтаж, расчет, эксплуатация
• СНиП 12-04-2002 Безопасность труда в строительстве. Часть 2. Строительное производство
• СНиП 12-01-2004 Организация строительства.
• Правила по охране труда при работе на высоте (Приказ от 28.03.2014 № 155н) 4
• МДС 12-58.2011 Строительные леса. Изготовление, монтаж, эксплуатация.
2. Responsibilities

Site Manager/Site Construction Manager – ensures

compliance

HSE Department – periodic monitoring

Scaffold Supervisor/Foreman – supervises

erection/dismantling and inspection of scaffolds,
applies tag

Competent Person – ensures that scaffolds are

built to regulatory requirements
and have proper tagging

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ASSOCIATED HAZARDS
1. Collapse
• Inadequate design
and construction
• Overloading
• Wind loading if
sheeted
• Vehicular impact
2. Fall from height
3. Falling Objects
4. Electrical hazards

6
4. Types of Scaffold

Independent tied Mobile Scaffold Special Scaffold

Scaffold

Scaffold Loading

7
5. Scaffolding items
and materials
Only tubular steel scaffolding complying with RF norms and standards or
international equivalent
1. Tubes -
straight, free of
cracks, splits
excessive
corrosion,
2. defects.
Adequate
strength,
manufactured,
constructed and
maintained.
3. If requires -
brushing or
scraping shall be
replaced
4. No black
steel tube
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5. Scaffolding items
and materials

Scaffolding Boards

Splits are not

acceptable.

Broken cut outs, burns

or excessively worn
boards are not
acceptable.

Shall be similar
thickness

Shall be square cut and

bound with a hoop iron.

9
 5. Scaffolding items
and materials
Ladders

Shall be:

 Aluminum or wood;

 Only property
constructed and
manufactured

Strictly forbidden to
use:

 Home made ladders

 A ladder with broken,

split, loose or otherwise
defective components 10
5. Scaffolding items
and materials

Couplers
Must be: Not acceptable to use:

 kept clean and lightly  broken, damaged, have

oiled to prevent rust. damaged threads

11
5. Scaffolding items
and materials

Storage of Materials

•Neatly stored in scaffold racks

•Tubes, couplers and boards shall be sorted

•Storage at the site shall not cause tripping

hazard and black access routes.

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 6. Scaffolding Standards

Foundations, Base Plates and Sole

Plate
•Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and
square.
•Don’t use bricks, blocks, barrels, or
other unstable objects to level a
scaffold.

Sound
foundations level
and adequate to
carry the load
imposed

Never
undermine
scaffolds by
excavations.

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 6. Scaffolding Standards

Standards (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds)

The spacing between standards is determined by the intended use of the

scaffold.
Joints must be staggered, at
the same level in adjacent
standards.

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 6. Scaffolding Standards

Ledgers (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds)

Must be plumbed level and fixed to the
inside of standard.

Must not extend 50mm from load

bearing coupler.

Lift height– must not exceed 2 m.

Joints with sleeve couplers.

Spigots joint pins ARE NOT acceptable.

Right angle couplers are the only fitting

suitable as load bearing.

All joints must be staggered. 15

 6. Scaffolding Standards

Transoms

• Should be secured to standards

using right angle couplers

• Rest upon the ledgers at right

angles

• May also be secured to ledgers if

they are not more than 300 mm from
each pair of standards and,

• Should be secured with putlog clips

• Must not extend more that 50mm

past the right angle coupler / putlog 16
 6. Scaffolding Standards

Tie-ins (Independent Scaffolds)

• Must be fixed at every second
lift and every second standard

• If scaffolds sheeted out with

tarpaulins, consider wind loading
and insert additional ties

• Positive two-way ties

• Only load bearing couplers

• The anchorage point is

sufficient strength.

• No guardrails be used as an
anchorage point for ties.
17
 6. Scaffolding Standards

Braces
• In both directions

• Facade braces repeated at

every 10 m.

• Ledger to ledger bracing will be

repeated at every alternate set of
standards.

• Joints in facade braces fixed

with sleeve couplers, spigots are
not acceptable.

• Where braces are fixed to

transoms, the transom itself
must be fixed with right angle
couplers. 18
 6. Scaffolding Standards

Working Platforms

• Normally five boards, may

be reduced to two boards if
erected for inspection or
access only

• The gap between planks -

no more than 5 mm.

• Boards' will either be cut

around standards, pipe
penetrations etc or have the
gaps filled in.

• The maximum span – 1.2 m

• Overhang from 50 to 150 19

 6. Scaffolding Standards

Guard Rails and Toe Boards

• Guardrail will be fixed to the

inside of the standards

• Height minimum -1.1 m;

maximum – 1.5 m.

• The space between toe board and

mid rail will not exceed - 690 mm.

• Toe-boards including stop end

boards will be fitted. The minimum
height -150mm

• If materials are to be stacked,

brick guards will be erected
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 6. Scaffolding Standards

Ladder Access
Platforms

• The vertical height between

ladder access platforms will not
exceed 9 meters.

• Ladder access platforms will

be close boarded and will have
guardrails and toe boards
secured. 21
 6. Scaffolding Standards

Ladder
• Access
Footed and secured at the top and
bottom to prevent swaying, sagging.

• Lashed or secured by a proprietary

clamp

• Long ladders supported and lashed

at mid point

• Ladder access openings -500mm

wide

• Ladders may be on the outside of the

scaffold for the first lift. Others -
internally (max 1 lift high).

• Clearance behind each ladder -

200mm • Three point of contact
22
• No tools shall be carried by hand
 6. Scaffolding Standards

Scafftag
• Scafftag consists of 2 elements: the
holder and removable insert tags.

• Placed at all the access points and at

the boundary of each individual
section

• Green-Tag: the date built, SWL,

inspector name or initial and
signature.

• Red-Tag: placed at the access to

inform personnel not to use.

• If no Green-Tag is in place,
scaffolding and ladders shall not be
used.
23
• Re-inspected within exceeding 7
 7. Scaffold design
The first step in the scaffold
erection process is effective
pre-planning:
• site location
• period of time the scaffold to
be used
• intended use
• height and length and any
critical dimensions
• number of boarded lifts • ground conditions
• maximum working loads and • type of scaffold
number of people required
• type of access • maximum bay lengths
• need for sheeting, netting or • maximum lift heights
brick-guards? • SWL
• need for pedestrian walkway • maximum leg loads 24
8. ERECTION, ALTERATION,
DISMANTLING
• Do not stack tubes or
boards vertically against the
scaffold.

• Do not leave loose tubes or

materials on the scaffolding
• If you consider a scaffold to be
after its erection.
unsafe, immediately contact a
• Never interfere with, Scaffolding supervisor
modify or remove any part of
a scaffold

25
9. ERECTION

• Issue PTW;
• Follow instructions of WMS and JSA;
• Fix ties during erection, not after
completion;
• Barricade off and place warning
signs around working area;
• Place RED (Do not Use) Scafftag
The Scafftag will contain the
following minimum information:

• Location and date of erection;

• Reference No.;
• Requested and Erected by;
• Access scaffold classification;
• Maximum distributed load;
• Maximum No. of working lifts;
• Inspected by Conduct STARRT meeting!
26
10. ALTERATION

• Issue PTW;

• Add supplementary components

before those which have to be
removed are taken away

• Never reduce standing elements –

fix additional elements before
removal

• Place Yellow (back side of the

GREEN Scafftag) Scafftag

• ONLY authorized Competent

Scaffolders can access the scaffolds
27
11. DISMANTLING

• Issue PTW;

• Inspect prior to dismantling;

• No items shall be thrown to the

ground - only lowering by hand is
admitted;

• If dismantling of scaffold has

reached the stage at which a
critical member has to be
removed, the stability of the
scaffold shall be ensured by fixing
a similar component in place
lower down the scaffold.
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12. SAFE SCAFFOLDING USE

• Use a hoist or rope to lift materials;

• Do not carry materials when
climbing;
• Do not allow tools, materials, or
debris (grease, dirt, snow, ice) to
accumulate on the platform;
• Do not overload the scaffolding with
too many people or materials in any
one area;
• A safe entrance to all working levels;
• Barricade areas below if drop
hazard;
• Control zone for the lifting area;
• Never work on scaffolding during
storms or high winds.
• Never work on platforms covered
by snow or ice.
• Follow three point of contact rule 29
 1. Do not carry 4. Do not work on
12. SAFE SCAFFOLDING USE materials when scaffolding during
climbing storm or high wind
1. Inspection; 4. Cross bracings and 2. Do not force 5. Do not from
2. Planks and ties braces to fit scaffolding
guardrail 5. Safe entrances 3. Do not climb or 6. Do not rest on
3. Use a hoist or 6. Base is sound and stand on braces or guardrails materials
rope level guardrails or equipment

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13. INSPECTIONS AND SCAFFOLD
REGISTER

3 meters

Prior to erection

• Inspect the ground area all

equipment, means of access, work
platform and lifting gear.

• Do not allow erection of impedes

normal access or can be accidentally
struck by moving plant

• Do not erect near live overhead

electrical cables or equipment
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13. INSPECTIONS AND SCAFFOLD
REGISTER

Completed erection

• Complete the “Scaffolding

Inspection Sheet”;

• Scaffolds shall be inspected

every 7 days, after alteration,
adjustment, rain or heavy
winds;

• All scaffold platforms must be

free from obstruction;

• Scaffolds must not be used to

support loads unless designed
and authorized to do so 32
13. INSPECTIONS AND SCAFFOLD REGISTER

Record all scaffold findings in the “Scaffolding Inspection

Register”
SCAF
SCAFF FOLDI
SCAFFO
OLDIN NG
LD
G INSPE
DATE DATE TYPE DUTY/LO NUMB
LOCA NUMBE FOREM CTOR/
SCAFF OF OF OF ADING/ ER OF LIMITATIONS
TION/ R OF AN/ ИНСП
OLD EREC INSPE SCAF УСЛОВИ LIFTS/ / COMMENTS/
МЕСТ BAYS/ ПРОИЗ ЕКТО
N./ TION/ CTION/ FOLD/ Я ЧИСЛ ОГРАНИЧЕН
ОНАХ ЧИСЛО ВОДИТ Р
ЛЕСА ДАТА ДАТА ТИП ЭКСПЛУ О ИЯ/ЗАМЕЧАН
ОЖДЕ СЕКЦИ ЕЛЬ ЛЕСО
№ МОНТ ПРОВЕ ЛЕСО АТАЦИИ/ ЯРУС ИЯ
НИЕ Й ЛЕСОМ МОНТ
АЖА РКИ В НАГРУЗК ОВ
ОНТА АЖН
И
ЖНЫХ ЫХ
ЛЕСОВ
РАБОТ РАБО
Т

33
14. SPECIAL SCAFFOLDS

All scaffolds
• over 50m high;
• sheeted over 25m high;
• Hanging;
• Bridging;
• Birdcage;
• Truss-out;
• Slung;
• Cantilever Scaffolds;
• Hoist Towers;
• Loading Bays;
• Protection Fans
shall be designed by
competent Civil
Engineers.
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15. SCAFFOLD TOWERS

• Erected and used on firm

level ground

• Castors’ diameter no less

than 125mm and fitted with
brakes.

• Ledgers and transoms, at

right angles not more than
150 mm from the bottom

• Do not exceed 2.7m Lifts

• Fix bracing to ledgers and

transoms with right angle
couplers
1.Plan bracing;
2.Diagonal bracing 35
15. SCAFFOLD TOWERS

The maximum height to which a static or mobile

tower shall be erected is calculated below. The
second figure is each ratio represents the smaller of
the two base dimensions of the tower:

36
15. SCAFFOLD TOWERS

Maximum height
• mobile towers -9.6m, static
towers -12m

• If requires exceeding or
exposed to wind loading –tie
to the structure or fix ground
anchors, guys

• Lash a ladder vertically

inside the base area

• A ground standing ladder is

prohibited on mobile towers

• extend the ladder at least

1.00m above platform

• Do not place a ladder or

trestle on top platform
37
15. SCAFFOLD TOWERS

• Move only by pulling or pushing at the base

• Working platforms shall be clear of persons

and materials before towers are moved

• All wheels shall be locked while employees

are on the scaffold

• Equip with stabilizers

• The surface for rolling - 3 degrees of level,

free of pits, holes, and obstructions.

• Pin wheels to the scaffold legs

• Do not use wheels with screw jacks

• Platforms shall not extend outward unless

outrigger frames are installed

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Scaffolding – safe erection,
use and maintenance

QUESTIONS

&

SUGGESTIONS…

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