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    POWER SHARING Grade 10 PPT. (On Line Class)

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    krish
    The document discusses power sharing models in Belgium and Sri Lanka. [1] Belgium practices power sharing between its Dutch and French speaking communities through equal representation in government and autonomy for state governments. [2] Sri Lanka failed to implement power sharing for its Tamil minority, leading to civil war, while power sharing aims to avoid conflict and respect minority rights. [3] Different forms of power sharing include sharing power vertically between levels of government and horizontally between social groups.

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    POWER SHARING Grade 10 PPT. (On Line Class)

    Uploaded by

    krish
    291 views29 pages
    The document discusses power sharing models in Belgium and Sri Lanka. [1] Belgium practices power sharing between its Dutch and French speaking communities through equal representation in government and autonomy for state governments. [2] Sri Lanka failed to implement power sharing for its Tamil minority, leading to civil war, while power sharing aims to avoid conflict and respect minority rights. [3] Different forms of power sharing include sharing power vertically between levels of government and horizontally between social groups.

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    The document discusses power sharing models in Belgium and Sri Lanka. [1] Belgium practices power sharing between its Dutch and French speaking communities through equal representation in government and autonomy for state governments. [2] Sri Lanka failed to implement power sharing for its Tamil minority, leading to civil war, while power sharing aims to avoid conflict and respect minority rights. [3] Different forms of power sharing include sharing power vertically between levels of government and horizontally between social groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    291 views29 pages

    POWER SHARING Grade 10 PPT. (On Line Class)

    Uploaded by

    krish
    The document discusses power sharing models in Belgium and Sri Lanka. [1] Belgium practices power sharing between its Dutch and French speaking communities through equal representation in government and autonomy for state governments. [2] Sri Lanka failed to implement power sharing for its Tamil minority, leading to civil war, while power sharing aims to avoid conflict and respect minority rights. [3] Different forms of power sharing include sharing power vertically between levels of government and horizontally between social groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    POWER SHARING

    IN BELGUIM and SRI LANKA

    POWER SHARING
    CONTENT

    • POWER • DISTRIBUTION
    SHARING OF OF POWER
    BELGUIM AND • MERITS AND
    SRILANKA . DEMERITS
    • DIFFERENT
    POLICIES OF
    THE
    GOVERNMENT
    IN BOTH
    COUNTRIES.
    BELGIUM
    SIZE AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION
    • Smaller than Haryana
    • Borders with France,
    Netherlands, Germany
    and Luxembourg
    COMMUNITIES
    AND REGIONS OF
    BELGIUM..
    SHOWING THE
    LINGUISTIC DIVISION
    OF PEOPLE ..IN THE
    NATION
    ETHICAL COMPOSITION OF
    NATION Region
    Flemish

    • 40% speak French and live


    in the Walloonia Region
    59% speak Dutch
    and live in the
    Flemish region.
    • 1% speak
    German and live
    in the Walloonia Walloonia
    Region Region
    ETHICAL COMPOSITION OF BRUSSELS

    • 80% in the capital speak


    French but they are minority in
    the country
    • 20% in the capital speak Dutch
    but they are majority in the
    country
    Power
    sharing
    desired
    over …all
    REASONS FOR TENSION
    BETWEEN THE TWO
    COMMUNITIES
    • The minority French
    were rich and
    powerful
    • The majority Dutch
    got the benefit of
    economic
    development much
    later.
    THE BELGIAN MODEL
    OF POWER SHARING
    • Between 1970 and 1993 the constitution was
    amended four times to accommodate social and
    cultural diversities.
    • This was done by sharing power as follows.
    There shall be equal representation from both
    communities in the central council of ministers
    The majority Dutch accepted this arrangement
    because they were minority in the capital
    Accomodation in Belgium
    • Number of Dutch and French speaking ministers would
    be same at the Central level.
    • Some powers of the Central government were
    given to the state government thus making state
    government not subordinate to the central govt.
    • Capital Brussel has a separate government with
    equal representation of both language speaking
    group.
    • Community Government –Each community elects its
    own govt ,this govt has the power regarding their
    culture , tradition etc
    Advantages of The Belgian Model

    Though complex, the


    model has worked well so
    far.
    It has avoided civic strife
    between the two
    communities
    The European Union
    .
    chose to have its
    parliament at Brussels as
    Power Sharing was
    practiced successfully
    SRI LANKA

    • About the same as Haryana


    • Just a few kms away off the
    southern coast of Tamil Nadu
    • Independent in 1948.
    • Sinhalas dominated
    government, by virtue of
    their majority, & adopted
    series of majoritarian
    SRI LANKA…..

    • Srilankan Tamils • The distrust


    started struggle for between
    recognition of Tamil communities turned
    as an official into a civil war.
    language
    • Loss of life ,
    • By 1980~s several property and human
    political organisations
    resources because
    demanded for
    independent TAMIL of the civil war.
    EELAM < state>..
    SOCIAL COMPOSITION
    Indian
    Tamils
    Sri
    Lanka
    • Sinhala speakers: 74%. They n
    are mostly Buddhists Tamils

    • Tamils speakers: 18%. They


    are Hindus and Muslims Tamil
    Speakers
    • They migrated to Sri
    Indian Lanka as Plantation
    Tamils workers during the
    British Rule

    Sri • Tamil Natives


    Lankan
    Tamils
    7% of
    • Consisted of
    the Christians who
    Populati speak both Sinhala
    and Tamil
    on
    MAJORITARIANISM IN
    SRI LANKA

    • After independence in 1948, Sri Lanka


    adopted a series of majoritarian
    measures to establish Sinhalese
    supremacy over the Tamils
    • In 1956, an Act was passed to
    recognise Sinhala as the only official
    language
    MAJORITARIANISM IN
    SRI LANKA
    • In 1956 an Act was
    passed which
    Sinha
    recognised Sinhala
    la
    as the only official
    language.
    La
    • Sinhala speakers nk
    a
    were preferred both
    for university
    positions and Govt.
    jobs.
    MAJORITARIANISM IN
    SRI LANKA
    • Constitution
    was amended
    to protect and
    strengthen
    Sinhala
    Language.
    EFFECT ON TAMILS
    • The Tamils felt isolated
    • They thought that even the
    constitution was against them.
    • None of the Political parties ever
    considered their needs.
    • The Tamils formed groups,
    organisations and parties to
    fight for rights
    EFFECT ON TAMILS
    • Their demands for
    recognition to their
    language and separate
    state with autonomous
    status were repeatedly
    neglected.
    • This made some
    groups like the LTTE
    to take violent actions.
    THE CIVIL WAR

    • Civil war thus


    broke out
    between the
    Tamils and
    Thousands the
    of people
    Sinhalas
    on both the sides Thousands of Tamil
    were killed families went out of
    the country as
    refugees
    .
    WHY IS POWER
    SHARING DESIRABLE?
    • Prudential Reasons
    1. It avoids conflicts between different social
    groups. The absence of power sharing can result
    in division of the country.
    2. Imposing will of the majority on the minority
    might appear to be an attractive option but it
    can be counter productive and can come in way
    of national integration as it happened in Sri
    Lanka
    3. The tyranny of the majority brings ruins both to
    the minority and the majority (as in Sri Lanka )
    Moral Reason
    1. Power sharing is the very essence of
    democracy. In an ideal democracy as many
    people as possible should get a chance to
    enjoy power.
    2. People are affected by all the policies of
    democratic politics and they have to live
    with the effects. Hence citizens need share
    in power.
    3. A legitimate govt. is one where citizens,
    through participation, acquire stake in
    power.
    FORMS OF POWER SHARING

    The Legislature The Executive The Judiciary

    • Each of these organs is placed at the


    same level to exercise different
    powers
    • None of them has unlimited power
    thus maintains balance.
    • Each one of them keeps watch on the
    functioning of the other two.
    • Hence it is called Check and Balance
    Vertical Power
    Sharing Central Govt.
    State Govt.
    Local Bodies

    The Central Government is set up for the whole nation.


    The state/provincial Government is set up for each
    provinces/states.
    The central government transfers/shares some of the
    powers to/with the state government (as in Belgium)
    In a big country like India, this type of two tier system
    is not sufficient.
    So we have the third tier – the Local Self Government
    Both the Central and State Government have
    transferred power and resources to the Local bodies.
    Power Sharing among
    different social groups

    Socially weaker sections also have to


    have share in power.
    Community Government in Belgium is
    one example for this type of power SCs
    sharing.
    In India, it is done by way of S
    reservation. T
    W s
    Constituencies and seats are reserved
    o
    for women, SCs and STs.
    Thus power is shared among different
    m
    social groups. e
    n
    Power Sharing among Political
    parties, pressure groups and
    movements
    • No political party enjoys power for
    ever.
    • It is for the people to decide who
    should be in power.
    • With the emergence of coalition govt.
    many parties share power at the same
    time.
    • Pressure groups and movements have
    share in power by exerting pressure on
    the govt.

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