Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 64 views

    Approximate Entropy

    Uploaded by

    gauravdhayki
    Approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the unpredictability and regularity of fluctuations in time-series data. It reflects the likelihood that similar patterns will not be followed by additional similar observations. ApEn is useful for relatively short, noisy time-series data, as it can be applied to small sample sizes. ApEn has been used to distinguish patient groups in medical applications like endocrine hormone secretion where traditional statistics did not show differences. It has also been used to detect epileptic seizures from EEG data with over 96% accuracy when combined with discrete wavelet transforms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Approximate Entropy

    Uploaded by

    gauravdhayki
    64 views19 pages
    Approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the unpredictability and regularity of fluctuations in time-series data. It reflects the likelihood that similar patterns will not be followed by additional similar observations. ApEn is useful for relatively short, noisy time-series data, as it can be applied to small sample sizes. ApEn has been used to distinguish patient groups in medical applications like endocrine hormone secretion where traditional statistics did not show differences. It has also been used to detect epileptic seizures from EEG data with over 96% accuracy when combined with discrete wavelet transforms.

    Original Description:

    Some Basics of ApEn with simple examples

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the unpredictability and regularity of fluctuations in time-series data. It reflects the likelihood that similar patterns will not be followed by additional similar observations. ApEn is useful for relatively short, noisy time-series data, as it can be applied to small sample sizes. ApEn has been used to distinguish patient groups in medical applications like endocrine hormone secretion where traditional statistics did not show differences. It has also been used to detect epileptic seizures from EEG data with over 96% accuracy when combined with discrete wavelet transforms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    64 views19 pages

    Approximate Entropy

    Uploaded by

    gauravdhayki
    Approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the unpredictability and regularity of fluctuations in time-series data. It reflects the likelihood that similar patterns will not be followed by additional similar observations. ApEn is useful for relatively short, noisy time-series data, as it can be applied to small sample sizes. ApEn has been used to distinguish patient groups in medical applications like endocrine hormone secretion where traditional statistics did not show differences. It has also been used to detect epileptic seizures from EEG data with over 96% accuracy when combined with discrete wavelet transforms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    APPROXIMATE

    ENTROPY
    (ApEn)

    Submitted to: Submitted by:


    Prof. R. Kanda GAURAV KUMAR SHARMA
    Department of Mechanical ME17209004
    Engineering
    Keywords
    • Deterministic Model: No randomness in development of
    future states.(i/p = same o/p)
    • Stochastic: having a random prob distribution or pattern
    that may be analyzed statistically but may not be
    predicted precisely.
    • Information Theory: studies quantification, storage and
    communication of info.
    • Entropy (statically): it quantifies the amount of regularity
    or uncertainty involved in value of random variable or the
    outcome of a random process
    • Dynamic system: fn describes time dependence of aa
    point in a geometric space. Eg flow of water in a pipe.
    Introduction
    • Developed by Steve M. Pincus
    • an approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to
    quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability
    of fluctuations over time-series data, which appears to
    have potential application to a wide variety of relatively
    short (range 50-5000) and noisy time-series data.
    • motivated by data length constraints commonly
    encountered, e.g., in heart rate, EEG, and endocrine
    hormone secretion data sets.
    • Findings have discriminated groups of subjects via ApEn,
    in instances where classical [mean, standard deviation
    (SD)] statistics did not show clear group distinctions
    Cont…
    • ApEn reflects the likelihood that similar patterns of
    observations will not be followed by additional similar
    observations. A time series containing many repetitive
    patterns has a relatively small ApEn; a less predictable
    process has a higher ApEn.
    • KS entropy : true dynamic system
    • ApEn : general system (stochastic+deterministic)
    Cont…
    • In applications to endocrine hormone secretion data
    based on as few as N =72 points, ApEn has provided vivid
    distinctions between actively diseased subjects and
    normals, with nearly 100% specificity and sensitivity.
    Algorithm
    Cont…
    Example
    Cont…
    Cont..
    Cont…
    Coding.
    • Python
    Other examples
    2nd
    3rd
    • detecting epileptic seizures from electro-encephalo-gram
    (EEG) data recorded from normal subjects and epileptic
    patients.
    • Seizure detection was accomplished in two stages. In the
    first stage, EEG signals were decomposed into
    approximation and detail coefficients using DWT. In the
    second stage, ApEn values of the approximation and detail
    coefficients were computed.
    • Significant differences were found between the ApEn
    values of the epileptic and the normal EEG allowing us to
    detect seizures with over 96% accuracy. Without DWT as
    preprocessing step, it was shown that the detection rate
    was reduced to 73%.
    Cont..
    • during seizure activity EEG had lower ApEn values
    compared to normal EEG. This suggested that epileptic
    EEG was more predictable or less complex than the
    normal EEG.
    Cont…
    Advantages & applications
    • Advantages
    • Lower computational demand. ApEn can be designed to work for
    small data samples (n < 50 points) and can be applied in real time.
    • Less effect from noise. If data are noisy, the ApEn measure can be
    compared to the noise level in the data to determine what quality of
    true information may be present in the data.
    • Applications
    • ApEn has been applied to classify EEG in psychiatric diseases, such
    as schizophrenia, epilepsy, and addiction
    THANK YOU….

    You might also like