Lesson 1 - Using Fundamental Identities

1
If f ( x )  x  3  5 then find f ( x ).
Find the linear factors of x 3  3 x 2  10 x  24

if (x+3) is one of its factors.
Sections 5.1 and 5.2
OBJECTIVE
Recognize and write the fundamental trig
identities.
Use the fundamental trig identities to

evaluate trig functions, simplify trig
expressions, and re-write trig expressions.
Verify Trig Identities.

RELEVANCE
Trig Identities can
be used to Rewrite
Trig Expressions.
Section 5.1
Reciprocal Identities Quotient Identities
𝟏 𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒖 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖
𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖
𝟏 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒖 =
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒖 =
𝟏 𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒖 =
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒖 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖
𝟐𝟔
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒖 = −𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖 =
𝟐𝟔
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅: 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖.
𝟑 𝟓
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒖 = − 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖 =
𝟐 𝟑
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅: 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖.
𝟑
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒖 = −𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 =
𝟑
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅: 𝑨𝒍𝒍 𝟔 𝑻𝒓𝒊𝒈 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒔.
Pythagorean Identities
Pythagorean Identity 1 - Sin and Cos
Pythagorean Identity 2 - Tan and Sec
Pythagorean Identities 3 - Cot and Csc

Pythagorean Identities
𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒖 + 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖 =𝟏
𝟏+ 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒖 = 𝟐
𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒖
𝟐
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒖 +𝟏= 𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒖
𝟑
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒖 = − 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒖 > 𝟎
𝟐
𝟓
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒖 = − 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖 > 𝟎
𝟑
Cofunction Identities:
sin30 sin0
 
cos 60 cos90
Relationship of Cofunctions
tan30

cot 60 What type of relationship do
you notice between
cofunctions?
Cofunction Identities:
𝝅 𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏 − 𝒖 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔 − 𝒖 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝒕𝒂𝒏 − 𝒖 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒖 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒖 = − 𝒖 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝒔𝒆𝒄 − 𝒖 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒖 𝒄𝒔𝒄 − 𝒖 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝟑 𝟒
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝐜𝐨𝒔 −𝒖 = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖 =
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓
Even/Odd Identities Explore Even and Odd Functions
Trig Function Check for Odd/Even Odd of Even
sin 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −𝑢 = − sin 𝑢 ODD
csc 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 ODD
cos 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝑢 = cos 𝑢 EVEN
sec 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −𝑢 = sec 𝑢 EVEN
tan 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝑢 = − tan 𝑢 ODD
cot 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −𝑢 = − cot 𝑢 ODD

𝟐𝟒
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝐜𝐬𝐜 −𝒖 = −𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖 =
𝟓
Simplifying Trig Expressions
Identities
Rewrite in Sin and Cos
Factor
Rewrite so it is NOT in Fractional Form
(Multiply By Conjugate)
Substitution
Multiply by “1”
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽
𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
Using the trig Identities: 1  sin2 x  _____________
1
 _______________
csc 
sin2 x
 ______________
cos2 x
Using the Unit Circle:

 3 
sin    ______
 4 
 2 
cos    ______
 3 
 5 
tan    ______
 3 
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽
𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝝅
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖
𝟐
Section 5.1
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒚: + = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙
𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 + 𝟏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
𝝅
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒚: 𝒄𝒐𝒕 − 𝒖 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖
𝟐
𝑨𝒅𝒅 𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒖𝒃𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕 … . . 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒚
𝟏 𝟏
−
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 + 𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 − 𝟏
𝑹𝒆𝒘𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒕’𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎:
𝟓
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙
Homework
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒕 𝟏 – 𝟒𝟎 (𝑶𝑫𝑫)

Lesson 1 - Using Fundamental Identities

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1

Find the linear factors of x 3  3 x 2  10 x  24

Use the fundamental trig identities to

Verify Trig Identities.

Pythagorean Identity 2 - Tan and Sec

Pythagorean Identities 3 - Cot and Csc

Trig Function Check for Odd/Even Odd of Even

sin 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −𝑢 = − sin 𝑢 ODD

csc 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 ODD

cos 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝑢 = cos 𝑢 EVEN

sec 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −𝑢 = sec 𝑢 EVEN

tan 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝑢 = − tan 𝑢 ODD

cot 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −𝑢 = − cot 𝑢 ODD

Rewrite in Sin and Cos

Using the Unit Circle:

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