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    Phonetic

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    Phonetic

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    phonetic

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    20 views17 pages

    Phonetic

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    CONSONANT SOUNDS IN ENGLISH –

    PLACE OF ARTICULATION
    CONSONANT SOUNDS IN
    ENGLISH

     CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSONANT
    SOUND
    1. Place of articulation
    2. Manner of articulation
    3. Voicing
    Place of • The place of articulation dimension
    specifies where in the vocal tract the
    articulation constriction is.

    • specifies whether the vocal folds are


    Voicing vibrating

    Manner of • how narrow the constriction is, whether air


    articulatio is flowing through the nose, and whether the
    tongue is dropped down on one side
    n
    Place of articulation
     ACTIVE ARTICULATORS
    1. An active articulator is the articulator that does all or
    most of the moving during a speech gesture.
    2. The active articulator is usually the lower lip or some part
    of the tongue.
    3. These active articulators are attached to the jaw which
    is relatively free to move when compared to parts of the
    vocal tract connected directly to the greater mass of the
    skull.
     PASSIVE ARTICULATORS
    1. A passive articulator is the articulator that makes little or
    no movement during a speech gesture. The active
    articulator moves towards the relatively immobile passive
    articulator.
    2. Passive articulators are often directly connected to
    the skull.
    3. Passive articulators include the upper lip, the upper
    teeth, the various parts of the upper surface of the
    oral cavity, and the back wall of the pharynx.
    The Places of articulation used in English :
     Bilabial
     Labio-dental
     Dental
     Alveolar
     Post-alveolar
     Palatal
     Velar
     Glottal
    Bilabial

    The articulators are the two lips. (We


    could say that the lower lip is the active
    articulator and the upper lip the passive
    articulator, though the upper lip usually
    moves too, at least a little.)

    English bilabial sounds include /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/.

    EXAMPLE
    p Creepy /kri:pi/
    b Bee /bi:/
    m Summer /sʌmɚ/
    w west /west/
    Labio-dental

    The lower lip is the active articulator


    and the upper teeth are the passive
    articulator. English labio-dental sounds
    include [f] and [v].

    English labio-dental sounds include [f] and [v].

    EXAMPLE
    f Fun /fʌn/
    v Movie /mu:vi/
    Dental

    Dental sounds involve the upper teeth


    as the passive articulator. The active
    articulator may be either the tongue tip
    or (usually) the tongue blade

    English dental sounds include [ð ] and [ θ]

    EXAMPLE
    θ Health /helθ/
    ð Then /ðen/
    Alveolar

    English alveolar sounds include


    [t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l].

    EXAMPLE
    t Return /rɪtɜːn /
    d Sudden /sʌdən/
    s Messy /mesi/
    z Lousy /laʊzi/
    Alveolar sounds involve the n Gnaw /nɔ:/
    alveolar ridge as the passive l Relief /rɪliːf/
    articulator. The active articulator r Rest /rest/
    may be either the tongue blade
    or (usually) the tongue tip
    Post-alveolar

    Example
    IPA
    Orthography IPA
    ship [ʃɪp]

    vision [vɪʒən]
    chip [tʃɪp]
    jug [dʒʌɡ]

    Postalveolar sounds involve the area just behind the alveolar ridge as the
    passive articulator. The active articulator may be either the tongue tip or
    (usually) the tongue blade
    Palatal

    The active articulator is the tongue


    body and the passive articulator is the
    hard palate.

    The English glide [j] is a palatal.

    EXAMPLE
    j onion ʌnjən
    Velar

    The active articulator is the tongue


    body and the passive articulator is the
    soft palate

    English velars include [k], [g], and [ŋ]


    EXAMPLE
    k Locker /lɒkə/
    g Gun /gʌn/
    Singer /sɪŋə/
    Glottal

    Glottal sounds are made in the larynx. For the glottal stop, the vocal cords close
    momentarily and cut off all airflow through the vocal tract. In [h], the vocal cords
    are open, but close enough together that air passing between them creates
    friction noise.

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