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    Swati

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    Shashank
    The document discusses methods for collecting data through questionnaires and schedules. Questionnaires are a low-cost method for gathering information from large groups of respondents through self-administered questions. Well-constructed questionnaires require careful consideration of question formatting, sequencing, and content to ensure unambiguous and meaningful responses. Schedules involve enumerators directly interviewing respondents and recording their answers, making it a more expensive method than questionnaires but allowing for clarification and control over the process. Both methods require pilot testing to validate the data collection instruments.

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    Swati

    Uploaded by

    Shashank
    144 views23 pages
    The document discusses methods for collecting data through questionnaires and schedules. Questionnaires are a low-cost method for gathering information from large groups of respondents through self-administered questions. Well-constructed questionnaires require careful consideration of question formatting, sequencing, and content to ensure unambiguous and meaningful responses. Schedules involve enumerators directly interviewing respondents and recording their answers, making it a more expensive method than questionnaires but allowing for clarification and control over the process. Both methods require pilot testing to validate the data collection instruments.

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    The document discusses methods for collecting data through questionnaires and schedules. Questionnaires are a low-cost method for gathering information from large groups of respondents through self-administered questions. Well-constructed questionnaires require careful consideration of question formatting, sequencing, and content to ensure unambiguous and meaningful responses. Schedules involve enumerators directly interviewing respondents and recording their answers, making it a more expensive method than questionnaires but allowing for clarification and control over the process. Both methods require pilot testing to validate the data collection instruments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    144 views23 pages

    Swati

    Uploaded by

    Shashank
    The document discusses methods for collecting data through questionnaires and schedules. Questionnaires are a low-cost method for gathering information from large groups of respondents through self-administered questions. Well-constructed questionnaires require careful consideration of question formatting, sequencing, and content to ensure unambiguous and meaningful responses. Schedules involve enumerators directly interviewing respondents and recording their answers, making it a more expensive method than questionnaires but allowing for clarification and control over the process. Both methods require pilot testing to validate the data collection instruments.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    COLLECTION OF DATA

    COLLECTION OF DATA
     THROUGH QUESTIONNAIRE
     THROUGH SCHEDULE
    COLLECTION OF DATA
    THROUGH
     QUESTIONNAIRE
     A research instrument
    consisting of a series of
    questions and other prompts for
    the purpose of gathering
    information from respondents.
     Invented by Sir Francis Galton
     Very popular in case of big
    enquiries
    Merits of the method :-

     Low cost involved even when


    the universe is large
     Free from the bias of the
    interviewer
     Respondents have adequate
    time to answer
     Respondents can be reached
    conveniently
     Large samples can be easily
    used making results more
    dependable.
    Demerits of the method :-

     Low rate of return of the filled in


    questionnaire.
     Can be used only when
    respondents are educated and
    co-operating.
     The control over questionnaire
    is lost once it is sent.
     Possibility of ambiguous replies
     Possibility of omission of replies
     Difficult to know whether
    respondents are truly
    representative
     Slowest of all methods

    A pilot survey or study is


    conducted for testing the
    questionnaire.
    Aspects for careful construction of
    questionnaire :-
    1. General form –
     It can either be structured or
    unstructured.
     Structured are those which
    have predetermined, definite
    and concrete questions.
     Questions may be either
    closed or open.
     A highly structured questionnaire is
    one in which all the questions and
    answers are specified and
    respondents comments in own
    words are held to minimum.
     In an unstructured questionnaire the
    interviewer is provided with a general
    guide on the type of information to
    be obtained.
     Question formulation is his own
    responsibility.
     In this method replies are taken in
    respondents own words.
     Sometimes a tape recorder may be
    used.
     Structured questionnaires are easy
    to administer and relatively
    inexpensive to analyse.
     But not useful when information
    about certain attitude, reasons for
    certain action and certain problem is
    required.
     Unstructured questionnaire is
    useful.
    2. Question sequence –
     Proper sequence reduces
    ambiguity among questions.
     Relation of 1 question to other
    should be apparent to the
    respondent.
     Easiest question should be put in
    the beginning.
     Those questions play a key role
    in influencing respondent’s
    attitude.
     Those questions should arise
    human interest.
     Relatively difficult questions
    should be put at the end, so that
    even if the respondents think of
    neglecting those questions, adequate
    information can be obtained already.
     Therefore questions should move
    from general to more specific.
     Question sequence can be easily
    determined in case of structured
    questionnaire through pilot survey.
     Questions to be avoided as
    opening questions
    2. That put too great strain on a
    person’s memory.
    3. On personal character.
    4. Related to personal wealth.
    3. Question formulation and
    wording –
     questions should be

    3. Easily understood

    4. Simple

    5. Conform as much as possible


    to the respondents way of
    thinking.
     2 types of questions : open
    ended and closed ended.
     In closed form respondents
    have to select 1 alternative in a
    set of alternatives.
     Drawback is ‘putting answers in
    people’s mouth’.
     In open ended form, replies are
    in respondents own words.
     Very effective when interest of
    the researcher is exploration of
    a process.
     Questions should not include
    danger words, catch words or
    words with emotional
    connotations.
    Essentials of a good
    questionnaire:-
     Should be short and simple.
     Personal and intimate questions
    should be left to the end.
     Technical terms and vague
    expressions should be avoided.
     Control questions must be
    included.
     Adequate space for answers
    should be provided.
     Should contain provision for
    indication of uncertainties.
     Brief directions should be there.
     Quality of the paper and its color
    must be of good quality.
    COLLECTION OF DATA
    THROUGH SCHEDULES
     Enumerators should be
    appointed.
     They go to the respondents with
    schedules, put forward the
    questions to the respondents
    and record their replies.
     Enumerators should be well
    trained.
     Very expensive method.
     Usually adopted in
    investigations conducted by
    governmental agencies and by
    some big companies.
     Population census is conducted
    through this method.

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