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    ANNELIDA Kel 4

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    Nur Hasnah Putri
    Phylum Annelida includes segmented worms found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They have a complete digestive system, closed circulatory system, and well-developed nervous system. Annelids display metamerism and their bodies are divided into repeating segments, with most species having setae or bristles. The three main classes are Polychaeta, Clitellata, and Hirudinea. Polychaetes are mostly marine with parapodia and setae. Oligochaetes like earthworms lack parapodia and have few setae. Hirudinea are leeches that have a posterior sucker but no setae.

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    ANNELIDA Kel 4

    Uploaded by

    Nur Hasnah Putri
    108 views43 pages
    Phylum Annelida includes segmented worms found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They have a complete digestive system, closed circulatory system, and well-developed nervous system. Annelids display metamerism and their bodies are divided into repeating segments, with most species having setae or bristles. The three main classes are Polychaeta, Clitellata, and Hirudinea. Polychaetes are mostly marine with parapodia and setae. Oligochaetes like earthworms lack parapodia and have few setae. Hirudinea are leeches that have a posterior sucker but no setae.

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    Phylum Annelida includes segmented worms found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They have a complete digestive system, closed circulatory system, and well-developed nervous system. Annelids display metamerism and their bodies are divided into repeating segments, with most species having setae or bristles. The three main classes are Polychaeta, Clitellata, and Hirudinea. Polychaetes are mostly marine with parapodia and setae. Oligochaetes like earthworms lack parapodia and have few setae. Hirudinea are leeches that have a posterior sucker but no setae.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    108 views43 pages

    ANNELIDA Kel 4

    Uploaded by

    Nur Hasnah Putri
    Phylum Annelida includes segmented worms found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They have a complete digestive system, closed circulatory system, and well-developed nervous system. Annelids display metamerism and their bodies are divided into repeating segments, with most species having setae or bristles. The three main classes are Polychaeta, Clitellata, and Hirudinea. Polychaetes are mostly marine with parapodia and setae. Oligochaetes like earthworms lack parapodia and have few setae. Hirudinea are leeches that have a posterior sucker but no setae.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 43

    Phylum Annelida

    Phylum Annelida

    Terrestrial, marine,
    freshwater.
    Repeating segments.
    Triploblastic.
    True coelomates – complete
    gut.
    Closed circulatory system.
    Well developed nervous
    system.
    Respiratory organs.
    Protostome development.
    Metamerism (unspecialized)
    segmentation.
    One or more pairs of setae.
    Phylum Annelida
    • Ancestral Traits
    Spirobranchus giganteus
    – Coelomate
    Christmas tree worm
    – Lophotrochozoan- non-molting
    protostomes
    – Protostome
    – Closed circulatory system
    – Cephalization
    • Derived Traits
    – Segmentation
    • Metamerism
    • Septa
    – Setae
    • Bristles
    – Myelinated neurons
    ~ 40K species of annelids
    Systems
    • Integument- epidermis is one cell layer with mucous gland
    that secrete a moist cuticle.
    • Skeletal -hydrostatic (using coelom)
    • Muscle- longitudinal and circular muscles Each segments
    muscles are independent of the other segments.
    • Digestive- complete, complex, with absorption and
    digestive glands and excretory cells.
    Systems (continue)
    • Excretory- a pair of nephridia per segment.
    • Respiratory -through skin, some through parapodia; tubeworms
    have gills.
    • Circulatory- closed system, use hemoglobin as oxygen carrier.
    • Nervous- dorsal brain; ventral, double, solid nerve cord, with
    ganglia in each segment.
    • Endocrine- hormones secreted by nervous system.
    • Reproductive-
    – Dioecious in Polychaeta; no special organs, posterior end becomes gonads.
    – Monoecious in Oligochaeta and Hirudinea; Clitellium.
    Annelid Taxonomy
    • Phylum Annelida (an-nel-i-da)
    – Class Polychaeta (poly-key-ta)
    • Nereis, Aphrodita, Chaetopterus, Arenicola, Amphitrite
    – Class Clitellata
    – Subclass Oligochaeta (ol-e-go-key-ta)
    • Lumbricus, Tubifex
    – Subclass Hirudinea (hi-ru-din-e-a)
    • Hirudo, leech

    • Earthworm dissection
    Annelid Taxomony
    • Class Polychaeta (many bristles) Hermodice
    – most numerous # species crunculata
    – marine
    Annelid Taxomony
    • Class Polychaeta
    • Class Clitellata
    – Subclass Oligochaeta (few bristles)
    • Freshwater, marine & terrestrial

    Lumbricus terrestris
    Annelid Taxomony
    • Class Polychaeta
    • Class Clitellata
    – Subclass Oligochaeta
    – Subclass Hirudinea
    • Fixed # segments (34)
    • Setae absent
    Hirudo
    medicinalis
    Annelid Phylogeny
    Annelid Body Plan

    Setae
    Class Polychaeta
    • Highly specialized head
    regions
    – Antennae
    – Sensory palps
    – Feeding appendages
    • Paired extensions of body
    (parapodia) Bispira bunnea
    sabellid worm
    • Often tube-dwelling
    – Burrow into substrate and secrete mucus/
    CO3 materials

    Spirobrancheus giganteus
    Polychaete Anatomy

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/9093
    134/Pictures-of-the-day-20-February-2012.html
    Parapodia with setae
    Polychaete Anatomy (cross section)
    Polychaeta
    Amphitrite
    Polychaeta

    Lugworm (Arenicola sp)


    Polychaeta
    Polychaeta

    Parchement worm
    Clade-Siboglinidae

    Riftia pachyptila
    Ridgea sp
    Giant tube worms (Vestimentifera)

    trophosome

    Riftia pachyptila

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Polychaete/by/rank/all
    Polychaete Reproduction
    • Most are dioecious-few monoecious
    • Some asexually but sexually more common
    • Trochophore larvae

    • Some species develop specialized


    segments containing gametes
    – Epitokes
    – Segments are released and
    gametes burst out
    Polychaete Asexual Reproduction
    • Epitokes are essentially
    buds
    • Clues to ancestral origin of
    segmentation
    – Segmentation may have
    been derived from
    incomplete budding
    processes
    Typosyllis nipponica

    Samoan palolo worm


    Palola viridis
    Class Oligochaeta
    Class Oligochaeta

    • Defining characteristics
    – Pronounced cylindrical
    glandular region of the body
    = clitellum
    • Second largest class in the
    phylum Annelida
    • Most spp. are earthworms,
    very few are marine

    27 Phylum Annelida
    Polychaetes and Oligochaetes

    • Oligochaetes differ from


    polychaetes in several
    ways:
    – No parapods, fewer setae (if
    at all)
    – Hermaphroditic with sex
    cells produced in a separate
    section
    – No larval stages
    Giant Gippsland earthworm

    28 Phylum Annelida
    Oligochaete Anatomy
    Oligochaete Anatomy
    Setae: a.k.a. Bristles
    Oligochaete Reproduction
    Oligochaete Development
    • For terrestrial oligochaetes, development is direct without any
    larval forms
    • Some aquatic oligochaetes retain a trochophore-like larval stage

    Site for earthworm anatomy:


    http://www.naturewatch.ca/english/wormwatch/resources/anatomy.html
    Quick and Easy Earthworm Morphology Guide

    -Earthworms can be classified by size,


    burrowing habits, and color
    -Number, location and pattern of
    genital tumescences (GT) and
    tubercular pubertatis (TP)
    -Location & shape of clitellum
    Aporrectodea turgida
    Lumbricus rubellus
    Common Terrestrial Oligochaetes: Earthworms

    Octagonal Tail Worm


    Dendrobaena octaedra

    Eisenia foetida
    Redworm

    http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/oligochaeta.html
    This link shows diversity of Oligochaetes!
    Earthworm Return to taxonomy

    Dissection

    Cross section
    Aquatic Oligocheates
    Subclass Hirudinea
    • Defining characteristics
    – Posterior sucker
    • Predominately freshwater,
    but do occur in all seas and
    moist soil
    • Leeches do not burrow,
    lack parapods and setae
    • Clitellum only visible
    during breeding

    38 Phylum Annelida
    Horse leech-actually feeds
    on small worms
    Haemopis sanguisuga

    Great Amazon Leech


    Haementaria ghiliani
    Subclass Hirudinea
    Leech Anatomy
    • Anterior sucker is small
    and contains the mouth
    – Anterior sucker
    creates a wound with
    saw like jaws
    • Leeches drink other
    animals’ blood, usually
    vertebrates
    – Can be carnivores,
    or scavengers;
    leeches are not set in
    their feeding habits
    41 Phylum Annelida
    Hirudo medicinalis

    More leech info:


    http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/hirundinae.html
    Leech Reproduction
    • Leeches are
    simultaneous
    hermaphrodites that lack
    a free-living larvae stage
    • Fertilization is internal
    through copulation
    • Development occurs in a
    cocoon similar to the
    Oligochaetes

    44 Phylum Annelida

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