Normal Distribution

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION OF
NORMAL VARIABLE
1. Illustrates a normal random
variable and its characteristics
EXTENDING A HELPING HAND!
The local government is planning to give financial
assistance to low income families in remote
barangays. To be successful in this endeavor, the
mayor instructed his staffs to conduct a survey in
order to determine the monthly income of each
family income. After surveying 500 families, the staff
found out that the monthly income of the families is
normally distributed with a mean of P5200, and a
standard deviation of P400. Instead of presenting
the actual data to the mayor, the staff simply used a
normal curve.
5,200
4,000 4,400 4,800 5,600 6,000 6,400
If the mayor will only give financial assistance to the

family whose monthly income is less P4,800, how
many can avail the assistance?
Normal Distribution is a continuous,
symmetric, bell-shaped curve distribution
of a variable. Its measures of central
tendency (mean, median and mode) are
identical. The curve can be described using
the equation: 2
1 (𝑥−𝜇)
2
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝜎
𝜎 2𝜋
𝑓𝑜𝑟 − ∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
population mean
(𝑥−𝜇)2
1 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝜎
𝜎 2𝜋 Standard
deviation
2.7183
3.1416
The area under the normal curve that lies
within one standard deviation below and
above the mean is approximately 68.3%,
while the area within the two standard
deviations below and above the mean is
approximately 95.5% and within three
standard deviations, 99.7%.
𝜇 − 3𝜎 𝜇 − 2𝜎 𝜇−𝜎 𝜇 𝜇+𝜎 𝜇 + 2𝜎 𝜇 + 3𝜎
68.3 %
95.4 %
99.7 %
In a continuous random variable, there is
no area above a single value. Therefore, if
x = a, the probability of selecting a
continuous random variable x that is equal
to a is zero, that is P(X = a) = 0. This also
implies that
𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 𝑎 = 𝑃(𝑥 > 𝑎) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑎) = 𝑃(𝑥 < 𝑎)

Then 𝑃 𝑋 = 𝑎 = 0 is not true for discrete random
variables
Some important properties common
to both discrete and continuous
variables are:
1. Sum of the probabilities or the
sum of relative frequencies is
equal to one.
2. The probability that a random
variable X falls into a certain
interval can be found by summing
the probabilities in that interval.
4,000 4,400 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400
In order to determine the number of
families whose income is less than
P4,800, we need to determine the
area of the shaded region
representing this group of families.
Since the area from 𝜇 − 𝜎 𝑡𝑜 𝜇 + 𝜎
is approximately 0.683, then the
area from 𝜇 + 𝜎 ± is 0.3415.
Let us get the area of the shaded
region. Area shaded region= 0.50 – 0.3415
= 0.1585
P( x < 4, 800) = 0.1585
.3415
4,400 4,400 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400

To get the number of families who
will receive financial assistance,
multiply the total number of families
by the obtained area of the shaded
region.
500* 0.1585 = 79.25 ≈ 79
Therefore, mayor needs to give
financial assistance to 79 families.
Let’s try more:
| | | | | | |
4000 4,400 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400
Let’s try more:
1. 𝑃(𝑋 > 18.2) 6. 𝑃(16.1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 20.3)
2. 𝑃(16.1 < 𝑋 < 20.3) 7. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 14.0)
3. 𝑃(11.9 < 𝑋 < 22.4) 8. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 16.1)
4. 𝑃(𝑋 > 20.3) 9. 𝑃(14 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 16.1)
5. 𝑃(𝑋 < 20.3)
1. 1. 𝑃(𝑋 > 18.2) Area to the right of 18.2
\ 0.5
| | | | | | |
11.9 14.0 16.1 18.2 20.3 22.4 24.5
2. 𝑃(16.1 < 𝑋 < 20.3)
.683
| | | | | | |
11.9 14.0 16.1 18.2 20.3 22.4 24.5
Quiz: A continuous random variable X is normally distributed with
a mean of 45 and SD of 6. Illustrate the following notations in a
normal curve and find the probabilities
1. 𝑃(𝑋 > 18.2) 6. 𝑃(16.1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 20.3)
2. 𝑃(16.1 < 𝑋 < 20.3) 7. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 14.0)
3. 𝑃(11.9 < 𝑋 < 22.4) 8. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 16.1)
4. 𝑃(𝑋 > 20.3) 9. 𝑃(14 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 16.1)
5. 𝑃(𝑋 < 20.3)
To get the number of families who
will receive financial assistance,
multiply the total number of families
by the obtained area of the shaded
region.
500* 0.1585 = 79.25 ≈ 79
Therefore, mayor needs to give
financial assistance to 79 families.

Normal Distribution

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

If the mayor will only give financial assistance to the

𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 𝑎 = 𝑃(𝑥 > 𝑎) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑎) = 𝑃(𝑥 < 𝑎)

4,400 4,400 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400

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