Presentation On Incidence and Prevalence

PRESENTATION ON
“HIGHLIHTING MORE THINGS ABOUT INCIDENCE AND PREVALAANCE”
PRESENTED BY :
1. PRITIPADMA MOHANTY, REGD NO. -1961302037

2. TAMANNA RATH, REGD NO. – 1961302067
3. SUBHALAXMI SAHOO, REGD NO. – 1961302003
4. IPSITA RANI ROUT, REGD NO. - 1961302058
INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND COMPUTER STUDIES

(Faculty of management science)
SIKSHA ‘O’ ANUSANDHAN
(DEEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
GHATIKIA, KHANDAGIRI, BHUBANESWAR, 751003
CONTENTS
• OBJECTIVE
• DEFINITION OF INCIDENCE
• MEASURES OF INCIDENCE
• USES OF INCIDENCE
• DEFINITION OF PREVALENCE
• TYPES OF PREVALENCE
• USES OF PREVALENCE
• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE
• CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVE
In epidemiology to estimate the incidence and prevalence of
chronic disease by age and designated time among
population for desired prevention and cure for the country
and society.
DEFINITION OF INCIDENCE
• Incidence rate is defined as “the number of new cases occurring in a defined
population during a specified period of time”.
• It is given by the formula as :-
No. of new cases of specific disease during given time period
INCIDENCE RATE = * 1000
Population at risk during that period
MEASURES OF INCIDENCE RATE
Incidence measures the rate at which new cases are occurring in a
population. It is not influenced by the duration of the disease. The use of
incidence is generally restricted to acute conditions.
USES OF INCIDENCE RATE

The incidence as a health status indicator, is useful for taking action to
control disease and for research into aetiology and pathogenesis,
distribution of diseases, and efficiency of preventive and therapeutic
measures.
EXAMPLE OF INCIDENCE RATE
If there had been 500 new cases of an illness in a population of 30000 in a year, the
incidence rate would be :-
Number of new cases of specific disease during a given time period

INCIDENCE RATE = * 1000
Population at risk during that period
= 500/ 30,000*1000
= 16.7 per 1000 per year
DEFINITION OF PREVALENCE
• It refers to the no of current cases (new and old) or existing cases of a

disease or health condition in a population at some designated time.
• Prevalence data provide and indication of the extent of a health
problem. And this may have implication for the scope of health services
needed in the community.
TYPES OF PREVALENCE
Prevalence is of two types :- 1. point prevalence
2. period prevalence
POINT PREVALENCE
It is defined as the number of all current cases (old and new) of a disease at
one point of time, in relation to a defined population.
The ‘point’ in point prevalence, may for all practical purpose consist of a
day, several days or even a few weeks depending upon the time it takes to
examine the population sample.
No. of persons ill

POINT PREVALENCE = * 1000
Total no. of person in the group or population
EXAMPLE OF POINT PREVALENCE
In a survey you would be asked in a group do you smoke

cigarette now ? In the group currently smoking are 6234 and
total no in the group is 41837. Find the point prevalence.
No. of persons ill

POINT PREVALENC = *1000
Total no. of person in the group
= 6234 / 41837 * 1000

=14.9% or 149 per 1000 cases
PERIOD PREVALENCE
• It measures the frequency of all current cases (old and new) existing during a
defined period of time expressed in relation to a defined population.
• It includes cases arising before but extending into or through to the year as
well as those cases arising during the year.
No. of person ill

PERIOD PREVALENCE = *1000
Average population during a time period
EXAMPLE
Between June 30 and august 30, in 1999. The average population is

1600. 29 existing cases of hepatitis B on June 30. 6 new cases of
hepatitis B between July 1 and aug 30. Find the period prevalence.
No. of persons ill

• PERIOD PREVALENCE= *1000
Average population during a time period
= (29+6)/1600 * 1000
=2.2% or 21.87 per 1000 cases
USES OF PREVALENCE
• It helps to estimate the magnitude of health disease problem in
the community, and identify potential high risk population and
prevalence rates are especially useful for administrative and
planning purpose, example hospital beds, man power needs,
rehabilitation facilities etc.
A Diagrammatic Representation of Incidence And Prevalence Of A Disease During A Year
Case 1
Case 2 Case 3
Case 4
.
Case 5
Case 6
Case 7
Case 8
(Jan 1) (Dec 31)
Where,
: Start of illness
: Duration of illness
Incidence would include cases – 3, 4, 5 and 8
Point prevalence ( Jan 1 ) cases – 1, 2 and 7
Point prevalence (Dec 31) cases – 1, 3, 5 and 8
Period prevalence (Jan-Dec) cases – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8
Fig. 1. No. of cases of a disease beginning, developing and ending during a period of time.
Relationship between prevalence and incidence:
• Prevalence depends upon 2 factors, the incidence and duration of illness.
Longer the duration of the disease, the greater its prevalence.
• Incidence is an independent measure prevalence is dependent on in
incidence.
• The relationship between incidence and prevalence can be expressed as:
• P = I * D ( incidence * mean duration )
Example (For a stable condition) :
Incidence = 10 cases per 1000 population per year
Mean duration of disease = 5 years
Prevalence = 10 * 5 = 50 per 1000 population
Conversely, it is possible to derive incidence and duration as follows :-
Incidence = P/ D
Duration = P / I
CONCLUSION :
Incidence and prevalence is one of the essential measures in epidemiology
and health statistics to understand about the population and disease
prevalence's in a geographic region.
.

Presentation On Incidence and Prevalence

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation On Incidence and Prevalence

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation On Incidence and Prevalence

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PRESENTATION ON

“HIGHLIHTING MORE THINGS ABOUT INCIDENCE AND PREVALAANCE”

1. PRITIPADMA MOHANTY, REGD NO. -1961302037

INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND COMPUTER STUDIES

USES OF INCIDENCE RATE

Number of new cases of specific disease during a given time period

• It refers to the no of current cases (new and old) or existing cases of a

No. of persons ill

In a survey you would be asked in a group do you smoke

No. of persons ill

= 6234 / 41837 * 1000

No. of person ill

Between June 30 and august 30, in 1999. The average population is

No. of persons ill

(Jan 1) (Dec 31)

You might also like