Sand Additives &amp Binders

SAND ADDITIVES &
BINDERS
SARTHAK KATYAL
Index
 Sand Binders  Sand Additives

1) Organic Binders
1) Sea Coal
1) Dextrin’s
2) Molasses
2) Silica Flour
3) Cereal Binders 3) Wood Flour
4) Linseed Oil 4) Iron Oxide
5) Resins
2) Inorganic Binders
1) Clay Binders
2) Portland Cement
3) Sodium Silicate
Sand Binders
There are two types of Sand Binders:
1) Organic Sand Binders
2) Inorganic Sand Binders

Organic Sand Binders
1) Dextrin
2) Molasses
3) Cereal Binders
4) Linseed Oil
5) Resins
Dextrin’s
 Dextrin's are produced by
the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen
 Dextrin's are white, yellow or brown powders
that are partially or fully water-soluble,
yielding optically active solutions of
low viscosity.
 Used as Sand Binding in Green Sand Mould
Molasses
 A thick syrup produced in refining raw sugar
and ranging from light to dark brown in colour.
 Cane molasses, unrefined and containing 60 to
70 per cent sugar solids, may be used for increases
dry strength of the sand and edge hardness of
moulds. Dextrin's may be used for the same
purpose
Cereal Binders
 It acts as binder and is finely ground corn flour

or gelatinized and ground starch from corn.
Cereals may be used in moulding sands for
increased green or dry strength or
collapsibility in amounts up to 2 percent.
Linseed Oil
 Linseed Oil is one of the most traditional

material used in foundary binder for sand
cores.
 It belongs to the group classified as Drying Oil
Resins
 Urea-formaldehyde, also known as urea-

methanal is a non-
transparent thermosetting resin or plastic,
made from urea and formaldehyde heated in
the presence of a mild base such
as ammonia or pyridine. These resins are used
in adhesives, finishes, MDF, and moulded
objects.
Inorganic Sand Binders
 Clay Binders
 Portland Cement
 Sodium Silicate
Clay Binders
 Moulding sands may contain about 2 to 50

per cent of clay. With suitable water content,
it is the principal source of the strength and
plasticity of the moulding sand. Clay is thus
the bond or binder of moulding sands.
Portland Cement
 Portland cement (often referred to as OPC,

from Ordinary Portland Cement) is the most
common type of cement in general use
around the world because it is a basic
ingredient of concrete, mortar. It is a
fine powder produced by grinding Portland
cement clinker (more than 90%), a limited
amount of calcium sulphate (which controls
the set time) and up to 5% minor constituents.
Sodium Silicate
• Sodium silicate is the common name
for a compound sodium metasilicate,
Na2SiO3. It is available in aqueous
solution. Sodium carbonate and silicon
dioxide react when molten to form
sodium silicate and carbon dioxide:
Na2CO3 + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + CO2

Sand
Additives
Types Of Sand Additives
 Sea coal
 Silica Flour
 Wood Flour(Cellulose Material)
 Iron Oxide
Sea Coal
 It is a finely ground soft coal used in moulding

sand for cast irons, principally for the purpose
of improving the surface finish and ease of
cleaning the castings. It is usually ground to
fineness similar to that of the moulding sand
in which it is used. Percentages employed in
sands are about 2 to 8 percent.
Silica Flour
 Pulverized silica, finer than 200 mesh, is

called silica flour. It may be used in amounts
up to 35 percent forthe purpose of increasing
hot strength of the sand. It also increases the
density of the sand for resistingmetal
penetration.
Wood Flour
 Ground wood flour or other cellulose

materials such as cob-flour, cereal hulls, and
carbonized cellulose may be added in
amounts of 1 to 2 per cent to the weight of
the moulding sands. They may function to
control the expansion of the sand by burning
out at elevated temperature. They can
improve collapsibility and flow ability of the
sand.
Iron Oxide
 Fine iron oxide is used in small percentage in

some sands to obtain added hot strength
 Aid to thermal transfer of heat from the
mould-metal interfaceand provides stability
to the moulds dimensional properties
The End
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Sand Additives &amp Binders

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SAND ADDITIVES &

 Sand Binders  Sand Additives

There are two types of Sand Binders:

1) Organic Sand Binders

2) Inorganic Sand Binders

 It acts as binder and is finely ground corn flour

 Linseed Oil is one of the most traditional

 Urea-formaldehyde, also known as urea-

 Moulding sands may contain about 2 to 50

 Portland cement (often referred to as OPC,

Na2CO3 + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + CO2

 It is a finely ground soft coal used in moulding

 Pulverized silica, finer than 200 mesh, is

 Ground wood flour or other cellulose

 Fine iron oxide is used in small percentage in

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