Unit 3 Oral Com

Unit 3:
Lesson 1:
The Speech Writing Process
• Just like events planning, or aany other
Constituting
activities, writing procedure
an effective
that can speech
follows certain stepsrepeat itself
or processes. The
process for writing isindefinitely…
not chronological or
linear; rather, it is recursive. That means
you have the opportunity to repeat a
writing procedure indefinitely, or produce
multiple drafts first before you can settle
on the right one. Figure 1 shows the
schematic diagram.
The following are the components of the
speech writing process.
• Audience analysis entails looking into the
profile of your target audience. This is done so
you can tailor-fit your speech content and
delivery to your audience. The profile includes
the following information.
 Demography (age range, male-female ratio,
educational background and affiliations or
degree program taken, nationality, economic
status, academic or corporate designations)
situation (time, venue,
occasion, and size)
psychology (values, beliefs,
attitudes, preferences,
cultural and racial ideologies,
and needs)
• The purpose for writing and delivering the
speech can be classified into three—to inform,
to entertain, or to persuade.
 An informative speech provides the audience
with a clear understanding of the concept or idea
presented by the speaker.
 An entertainment speech provides the audience
with amusement.
 A persuasive speech provides the audience with
well-argued ideas that can influence their own
beliefs and decisions. The purpose can be general
and specific.
Study the examples below to see the differences.
• The topic is your focal point of your
speech, which can be determined once
you have decided on your purpose. If you
are free to decide on a topic, choose one
that really interests you. There are a
variety of strategies used in selecting a
topic, such as using your personal
experiences, discussing with your family
members or friends, free writing, listing,
asking questions, or semantic webbing.
• Narrowing down a topic means
making your main idea more specific
and focused. The strategies in selecting
a topic can also be used when you
narrow down a topic. In the example
below, “Defining and developing
effective money management skills of
Grade 11 students” is the specific topic
out of a general one, which is “Effective
money management.”
• Data gathering is the stage where you
collect ideas, information, sources, and
references relevant or related to your
specific topic. This can be done by visiting
the library, browsing the web, observing a
certain phenomenon or event related to
your topic, or conducting an interview or
survey. The data that you will gather will
be very useful in making your speech
informative, entertaining, or persuasive.
• Writing patterns, in general, are
structures that will help you organize the
ideas related to your topic. Examples are
biographical, categorical/topical, causal,
chronological, comparison / contrast,
problem-solution, and spatial.
Below are different writing patterns
from which you can select the one
that best suits your topic and/or
purpose.
• An outline is a hierarchical list that shows
the relationship of your ideas. Experts in
public speaking state that once your outline
is ready, two-thirds of your speech writing is
finished. A good outline helps you see that
all the ideas are in line with your main idea
or message. The elements of an outline
include introduction, body, and conclusion.
Write your outline based on how you want
your ideas to develop. Below are some of
the suggested formats.
• The body of the speech provides
explanations, examples, or any details
that can help you deliver your purpose
and explain the main idea of your
speech. One major consideration in
developing the body of your speech is
the focus or central idea. The body of
your speech should only have one
central idea.
The following are some strategies
to highlight your main idea.
 Present real-life or practical
examples
 Show statistics
 Present comparisons
 Share ideas from the experts or
practitioners
• The introduction is the foundation of your speech.
Here, your primary goal is to get the attention of
your audience and present the subject or main idea
of your speech. Your first few words should do so.
The following are some strategies.
 Use a real-life experience and connect that
experience to your subject.
 Use practical examples and explain their
connection to your subject.
 Start with a familiar or strong quote and then
explain what it means.
 Use facts or statistics and highlight their
importance to your subject.
 Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.
• The conclusion restates the main idea of your
speech. Furthermore, it provides a summary,
emphasizes the message, and calls for action. While
the primary goal of the introduction is to get the
attention of your audience, the conclusion aims to
leave the audience with a memorable statement.
The following are some strategies.
 Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your
message.
 Use positive examples, encouraging words, or
memorable lines from songs or stories familiar to
your audience.
 Ask a question or series of questions that can
make your audience reflect or ponder.
• Editing/Revising your written speech involves
correcting errors in mechanics, such as
grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity,
coherence, and others. Andrew Dlugan (2013),
an award winning public speaker, lists six
power principles for speech editing.
 Edit for focus.
“So, what’s the point? What’s the message of
the speech?”
Ensure that everything you have written, from
introduction to conclusion, is related to your
central message.
Edit for clarity.
“I don’t understand the message because the
examples or supporting details were confusing.”
Make all ideas in your speech clear by arranging
them in logical order (e.g., main idea first then
supporting details, or supporting details first then
main idea).
Edit for concision.
“The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept
talking endlessly as if no one was listening to
him/her.”
Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by
eliminating unrelated stories and sentences and by
using simple words.
 Edit for continuity.
“The speech was too difficult to follow; I was
lost in the middle.”
Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by
adding transition words and phrases.
 Edit for variety.
“I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was
boring.”
Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and
style from formal to conversational and vice-
versa, moving around the stage, or adding
humor.
Edit for impact and beauty.
“There’s nothing really special about the speech.”
Make your speech memorable by using these
strategies: surprise the audience, use vivid
descriptive images, write well-crafted and
memorable lines, and use figures of speech.
• Rehearsing gives you an opportunity to identify
what works and what does not work for you and for
your target audience. Some strategies include
reading your speech aloud, recording for your own
analysis or for your peers or coaches to give
feedback on your delivery. The best thing to
remember at this stage is: “Constant practice makes
perfect.”
Some Guidelines in Speech Writing
1. Keep your words short and simple. Your

speech is meant to be heard by your
audience, not read.
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words
because they can confuse your audience.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the
personal pronoun “I,” but take care not to
overuse it. When you need to emphasize
collectiveness with your audience, use the
personal pronoun “we.”
4. Use active verbs and contractions
because they add to the personal and
conversational tone of your speech.
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very
careful with your language, jokes, and
nonverbal cues.
6. Use metaphors and other figures of
speech to effectively convey your point.
7. Manage your time well; make sure
that the speech falls under the time limit.

Unit 3 Oral Com

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Unit 3:

1. Keep your words short and simple. Your

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