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    Internship

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    Sarthak Singh
    Kajol Malik presented on hydropower generation for an internship. The presentation covered: 1) How hydropower systems work by using flowing water to turn turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. 2) The key components of hydropower plants including dams, intake structures, penstocks, valves, impulse and reaction turbines, and power houses. 3) Advantages of hydropower include no fuel costs, high reliability, and low maintenance costs, while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water availability.

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    Internship

    Uploaded by

    Sarthak Singh
    205 views16 pages
    Kajol Malik presented on hydropower generation for an internship. The presentation covered: 1) How hydropower systems work by using flowing water to turn turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. 2) The key components of hydropower plants including dams, intake structures, penstocks, valves, impulse and reaction turbines, and power houses. 3) Advantages of hydropower include no fuel costs, high reliability, and low maintenance costs, while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water availability.

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    Kajol Malik presented on hydropower generation for an internship. The presentation covered: 1) How hydropower systems work by using flowing water to turn turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. 2) The key components of hydropower plants including dams, intake structures, penstocks, valves, impulse and reaction turbines, and power houses. 3) Advantages of hydropower include no fuel costs, high reliability, and low maintenance costs, while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water availability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    205 views16 pages

    Internship

    Uploaded by

    Sarthak Singh
    Kajol Malik presented on hydropower generation for an internship. The presentation covered: 1) How hydropower systems work by using flowing water to turn turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. 2) The key components of hydropower plants including dams, intake structures, penstocks, valves, impulse and reaction turbines, and power houses. 3) Advantages of hydropower include no fuel costs, high reliability, and low maintenance costs, while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water availability.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    INTERNSHIP ON

    HYDROPOWER GENERATION

    PRESENTED BY: KAJOL MALIK


    ROLL NO. : 1809721039
    YEAR: 2ND YEAR
    BRANCH/SECTION: EEE/A-2
    Contents of the Presentation
     Introduction
     How a hydropower system works
     Components of hydropower plant
     1.Dam
     2.Intake
     3.Trashrack
     4.Penstock
     5.Valves(butterfly and spherical)
     6.Turbines(reaction and impulse)
     7.Power house
     Power generation
     Advantages
     Disadvantages
    INTRODUCTION
    - Hydroelectric power (hydropower)
    system convert the kinetic energy in
    flowing water into electrical energy.
    - Falling or flowing water turns a
    propeller like piece called turbine.
    - The turbine turns a metal shaft in an
    electric generator which produces
    electricity.
    HOW A HYDROELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
    WORKS

     Flowing water is directed at a turbine.


     The flowing water causes the turbine to rotate, converting the water’s
    kinetic energy into mechanical energy.
     The mechanical energy produced by the turbine is converted into electric
    energy using a turbine generator.
     Inside the generator, the shaft of the turbine spins a magnet inside coils of
    copper wire.
     It is a fact of nature that moving a magnet near a conductor causes an
    electric current.
    Components of hydro power plant
    1 DAM OR BARRAGE
    The function of dam in a hydroelectric
    project is to create an artificial head and
    storage. It diverts the flow of water so that
    the same could be used for generation of
    power. The selection of dam type for a
    particular location depends upon the
    topography of the site

    2. INTAKE
    The function of intake is to provide a passage
    to flow into the water channel or
    penstock.
    3. TRASH RACK
    Used to block the passage of wood logs or
    aquatic species through the forebay.

    4. PENSTOCK
    It is a channel used to transfer the water to the
    power house from the forebay. It may be of low
    pressure type or high pressure type. Each turbine
    can have a separate penstock or a common
    penstock for 3-4 generators. It may be buried
    below the earth or exposed.
    5.VALVES
    Valves are mechanical devices that are used to isolate, or
    release fluid, flowing through pipelines.

    TYPES OF VALVES:
    1) Butterfly valve (for heads only up to 200m)
    2) Spherical valve (for heads above 200m)

    APPLICATION OF VALVE:
    1) Penstock
    2) Turbine inlet valve
    5.A.BUTTERFLY VALVE
    BUTTERFLY VALVE IS A SHUT-OFF VALVE IN WHICH THE CLOSURE
    DEVICE (BUTTERFLY DISC)
    ROTATES ABOUT AN AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO THE FLOW IN OPEN
    POSITION, THE DISC IS
    HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL IN THE PIPE AXIS AND THE WATER
    FLOWS AROUND IT.

    B.SPHERICAL VALVE

    SPHERICAL VALVE IS A VALVE IN WHICH THE CLOSURE DEVICE


    (PLUG) ROTATES PERPENDICULAR
    TO THE FLOW AROUND AN AXIS AND THROUGH WHICH THE
    MEDIUM FLOWS IN OPEN POSITION.
    6.TURBINES
     Turbines are used to convert the kinetic energy of falling water
    into mechanical energy.
     Water turbine is a rotatory engine that takes energy from the
    moving water
     Flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner,
    creating a force on the blade.
     Principle types of turbines are:
    1.Impulse turbine
    2.Reaction turbine.
    6.A.IMPULSE TURBINES:
     Mainly used in high head plants.
     The entire pressure of water is converted into kinetic energy in a nozzle and the velocity of
    the jet drives the blades of turbine.
     The nozzle consists of a needle and the quantity of water jet falling on turbine is controlled
    by this needle placed at the tip of the nozzle.
     If the load on the turbine decreases, the governer moves the needle into the nozzle,
    thereby reducing the quantity of water striking the turbine.
     Example of impulse turbine:
    1. Pelton Wheel
    6.B.REACTION TURBINES
     They are mainly for low and medium head plants.
     In reaction turbine the water enters the runner partly with pressure energy and partly with
    velocity head.
     Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines and are used in low (<30m/98 ft) and
    medium (30-300 m/98-984 ft) head applications.
     In reaction turbines pressure drop occurs in both moving and fixed blades.
     In this turbine the runner blades change with respect to guide vein opening.
     As the sudden decrease of load takes place, the guide vein limit decreases according
    to that runner blade closes.
     Example of reaction turbine:
    1.Francis turbine 2.Kaplan turbine
    7.POWER HOUSE

     Power house contain the elctro


    mechanical equipments i.e hydropower
    turbine, generator, excitation system,
    main inlet valves, transformers,
    switchyard, DC systems, governers, bus
    duct, step up transformer, step down
    transformer, high voltages switch gear,
    control metering for protection of system.
    POWER GENERATION
     The
    amount of electricity that can be generated by a
    hydropower plant depends on two factors:
     FLOW RATE: the quantity of water flowing in a given
    time.
     HEAD: the height from which the water flows.
    The greater the flow and head, the greater is the
    electricity produced.
    ADVANTAGES
     No fuel charges
     Running cost almost nil
     No standby losses
     Highly reliable
     Efficiency does not decrease with time.
     Construction and operation wise very simple
     Maintenance cost very less
     Starts quickly and synchronizes fast
    DISADVANTAGES
     Higher initial cost
     Takes long time for construction
     Plants
    are setup at different places so
    transmission losses increases
     Totally dependent on the availability of water
     Larger area required
    THANK YOU

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