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    Cam and Follower

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    R Hari Hara S
    The document discusses cams and followers. [1] Cams are used to convert rotary motion into linear motion and are often used to operate engine valves. [2] Cams can be either rotating or translating and followers can move in reciprocating or oscillating motions. [3] Key components of cam mechanisms include the cam profile, base circle, pitch curve, and pressure angle.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cam and Follower

    Uploaded by

    R Hari Hara S
    27 views23 pages
    The document discusses cams and followers. [1] Cams are used to convert rotary motion into linear motion and are often used to operate engine valves. [2] Cams can be either rotating or translating and followers can move in reciprocating or oscillating motions. [3] Key components of cam mechanisms include the cam profile, base circle, pitch curve, and pressure angle.

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    cams

    Original Title

    Cams

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    The document discusses cams and followers. [1] Cams are used to convert rotary motion into linear motion and are often used to operate engine valves. [2] Cams can be either rotating or translating and followers can move in reciprocating or oscillating motions. [3] Key components of cam mechanisms include the cam profile, base circle, pitch curve, and pressure angle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views23 pages

    Cam and Follower

    Uploaded by

    R Hari Hara S
    The document discusses cams and followers. [1] Cams are used to convert rotary motion into linear motion and are often used to operate engine valves. [2] Cams can be either rotating or translating and followers can move in reciprocating or oscillating motions. [3] Key components of cam mechanisms include the cam profile, base circle, pitch curve, and pressure angle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Cam and Follower

    CAM AND FOLLOWER


    • The cam and follower is a device which
    can convert rotary motion (circular motion)
    into linear motion (movement in a straight
    line).
    Followe
    Cams r

    Cam

    Followers
    (valves)
    EXAMPLES FOR CAM

    Control the movement of the engine valves.

    Cams used in a pump

     In IC engines to operate the inlet and exhaust valves


    CLASSIFICATION OF CAM MECHANISM
    Based on modes of Input / Output motion
    1. Rotating cam – Translating follower

    2. Rotating cam – Oscillating follower

    3. Translating cam – Translating follower


    CAM AND FOLLOWER

     The linear cam moves backwards and forwards in a


    reciprocating motion.

    Cam Follower

    Linear cam

    Distance
    moved by
    the follower
    CAM AND FOLLOWER
     The ‘pumps' on a cam are called lobes.
    Follower
     The square cam illustrated has four lobes,
    and lifts the follower four times each
    revolution.

    Square cam

    Examples of other rotary cam profiles.


    CLASSIFICATION OF CAMS
    Radial or disc cam
    In radial cams, the follower
    reciprocates or oscillates in a
    direction perpendicular to the
    cam axis.

    Cylindrical cam

    In cylindrical cams, the


    follower reciprocates or
    oscillates in a direction parallel
    to the cams axis.

    End cam
    It is also similar to cylindrical
    cams, but the follower makes
    contact at periphery of the cam
    as shown in fig.
    CLASSIFICATION OF FOLLOWERS
    1.According to the shape of follower
     Knife edge follower

     Roller follower

     Flat faced follower

     Spherical faced follower


    2.ACCORDING TO THE PATH OF MOTION OF
    FOLLOWER

    a) Radial follower
    When the motion of the follower
    is along an axis passing through
    the centre of the cam, it is
    known as radial followers.
    Above figures are examples of
    this type.

    b) Offset follower

    When the motion of the follower


    is along an axis away from the
    axis of the cam centre, it is
    called off-set follower. Above
    figures are examples of this
    type.
    CAM NOMENCLATURE

     Cam profile: The outer


    surface of the disc cam.
     Base circle : The circle
    with the shortest radius
    from the cam center to any
    part of the cam profile.
     Trace point: It is a point
    on the follower, and its
    motion describes the
    movement of the follower.
    It is used to generate the
    pitch curve.
    CAM NOMENCLATURE

     Pitch curve : The


    path generated by
    the trace point as
    the follower is
    rotated about a
    stationery cam.
     Prime circle: The
    smallest circle from
    the cam center
    through the pitch
    curve
    CAM NOMENCLATURE

     Pressure angle: The


    angle between the
    direction of the
    follower movement and
    the normal to the pitch
    curve.
     Pitch point: Pitch
    point corresponds to
    the point of maximum
    pressure angle.
    CAM NOMENCLATURE

     Pitch circle: A
    circle drawn from
    the cam center and
    passes through the
    pitch point is
    called Pitch circle
     Stroke: The
    greatest distance
    or angle through
    which the follower
    moves or rotates
    MOTION OF THE FOLLOWER

    As the cam rotates the follower moves upward


    and downward.
     The upward movement of follower is called rise
    (Outstroke)
     The downward movement is called fall (Return
    stroke).
     When the follower is not moving upward and
    downward even when the cam rotates, it is called
    dwell.
    TYPES OF FOLLOWER MOTION

    1. Uniform motion ( constant velocity)


    2. Simple harmonic motion
    3. Uniform acceleration and retardation motion
    4. Cycloidal motion
    1.UNIFORM MOTION (CONSTANT VELOCITY)
     Displacement diagram: Displacement is the distance that a
    follower moves during one complete revolution (or cycle) of
    the cam while the follower is in contact with the cam.
     It is the plot of linear displacement (s) of follower V/S
    angular displacement (θ) of the cam for one full rotation of
    the cam.
     A period is a part of the cam cycle and it includes the
    following:

    Rise (Outstroke) – the upward motion of the follower caused


    by cam motion.
    Fall (Return stroke) – the downward motion of the follower
    caused by cam motion.
    Dwell – the stationary position of the follower caused by cam
    motion.
    1.UNIFORM MOTION (CONSTANT VELOCITY)

    Displacement diagram
    Since the follower moves with uniform velocity during its rise
    and fall, the slope of the displacement curve must be constant
    as shown in fig
    2.SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

    RISE FALL

    60 120 180 240 300

    360 = ONE REVOLUTION OF CAM = 1 CYCLE


    2.SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
     Since the follower
    moves with a
    simple harmonic
    motion, therefore
    velocity diagram
    consists of a sine
    curve and the
    acceleration
    diagram consists
    of a cosine curve.
    3.UNIFORM ACCELERATION AND RETARDATION

     Since the
    acceleration
    and
    retardation are
    uniform,
    therefore the
    velocity varies
    directly with
    time.
    4. CYCLOIDAL MOTION
    CAM PROFILE

    d
    c
    e
    b
    a
    f
    2 1
    3
    4
    5
    6 60°

    45°
    50

    8 90°
    g
    9
    10
    11 12
    h
    l
    i k
    j

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