CMM

COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE
Manufacturing science Lab.

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur - 208016
Coordinate-measuring machine
A coordinate measuring machine is a device for measuring the
physical geometrical characteristics of an object. This machine
may be manually controlled by an operator or it may be
computer controlled. Measurements are defined by a probe
attached to the third moving axis of this machine. Probes may
be mechanical, optical, laser, or white light, amongst others. A
machine which takes readings in six degrees of freedom and
displays these readings in mathematical form is known as a
CMM.
Six Degree of Freedom
Objectives
 familiarize yourself with parts of a CMM
 understand the principle and the working of a
CMM
Technical facts
• Coordinate-measuring machines include three main
components.
• The main structure which include three axes of motion.
• Probing system.
• Data collection and reduction system - typically includes a
machine controller, desktop computer and application
software.
Working principle of CMM
A coordinate measuring machine is also a device

used in manufacturing and assembly processes to test a part
or assembly against the design intent. By precisely recording
the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the target, points are generated
which can then be analyzed via regression algorithms for the
construction of features. These points are collected by using
a probe that is positioned manually by an operator or
automatically via Direct Computer Control .
Main parts of CMM
•Air Bearing
•Scales and Encoders
•Probing system
•Servo motors
•Control system
•Joystick
•Software(Tangram)
Linear Air Bearings
Scales and Encoders
linear encoder This is a sensor, transducer or readhead paired with a
scale that encodes position. The sensor reads the scale in order to
convert the encoded position into an analog or digital signal, which can
then be decoded into position by a digital readout (DRO) or motion
controller.
A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical

device that converts the angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to an
analog or digital code.
Angle encoders are characterized by high accuracy values in the arc

second range and better application for Rotary tables on machine tools ,
Swivel heads on machine tools , C axes on lathes , Gear-testing
machines , Printing units of printing machines , Spectrometers ,
Telescopes etc.
How it works.
Types of Probing System
Inductive Probes Optical Transmission Probes
Motorized Probes Multiple Styluses Probes

Servo motors
• Servo motor works on

PWM (Pulse width
modulation) principle, means its
angle of rotation is controlled by
the duration of applied pulse to its
Control PIN. Basically servo
motor is made up of
DC motor which is controlled by a
variable resistor (potentiometer)
and some gears.
Control system
• Renishaw's range of UCC universal CMM controllers
are at the heart of any Renishaw CMM retrofit,
providing precise control of the motion of the
machine, interfacing to all Renishaw sensors, and
communications with the metrology software.
• Renishaw's UCC flexible controllers provide advanced
touch-trigger and scanning algorithms, which allow
fast, accurate, adaptive part measurement.
Joystick
Software(Tangram)
Types of Main Structure arrangement
• Cantilever • Bridge Type
• Gantry
• Column Type • Horizontal

Advantages of CMM
• Flexibility
• Reduced Setup Time
• Single Setup
• Accuracy
• Reduced Operator Influence
• Improved Productivity
Configuration of CMM
• Model: - Spectra 5.6.4. CNC
• Scale Regulation = 0.5 μm
• Machine accuracy = (± 2.5 + L/250) μm; (L: Standard length in mm)
• Angular accuracy = 1” (One second)
• Granite flatness = 2 micron per meter square
• Granite grade = zero grade
• Probing system = MS2DI
• M/c version = CNC version
• M/c working volume = X = 500 mm; Y = 600 mm; Z = 400 mm
• Controller name = Renishaw UCC (Universal CMM Controller) lite-2 (U.K.)

Description of Parts
• Coordinate Measuring Machines are built rigidly and are very precise.
• They are equipped with digital readout or can be linked to computers for
online inspection of parts. These machines can be placed close to
machine tools for efficient inspection and rapid feedback for correction
of processing parameter before the next part is made.
• They are also made more rugged to resist environmental effects in
manufacturing plants such as temperature variations, vibration and dirt.

Important features of the CMM
• To give maximum rigidity to machines without excessive weight, all the moving
members, the bridge structure, Z axis carriage, and Z column are made of hollow
box construction
• A map of systematic errors in machine is built up and fed into the computer
system so that the error compensation is built up into the software.
• All machines are provided with their own computers with interactive dialogue
facility and friendly software.
• Thermocouples are incorporated throughout the machine and interfaced with

the computer to be used for compensation of temperature gradients and thus
provide increased accuracy and repeatability.
The features of CMM software
• Measurement of diameter, center distances, lengths, geometrical
and form errors in prismatic components, etc.
• Online statistics for statistical information in a batch.
• Parameter programming to minimize CNC programming time of
similar parts.
• Measurement of plane and spatial curves.
• Data communications.
• Digital input and output commands for process integration.
• Program for the measurement of spur, helical, bevel and hypoid
gears.
• Interface to CAD software.
Application of CMM
•Aerospace Engineering
•Automobile Engineering
•Reverse Engineering
•Engineering
•Medical Technology

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COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE

Manufacturing science Lab.

 familiarize yourself with parts of a CMM

 understand the principle and the working of a

• The main structure which include three axes of motion.

• Data collection and reduction system - typically includes a

machine controller, desktop computer and application

A coordinate measuring machine is also a device

A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical

Angle encoders are characterized by high accuracy values in the arc

Inductive Probes Optical Transmission Probes

Motorized Probes Multiple Styluses Probes

• Servo motor works on

• Column Type • Horizontal

• Scale Regulation = 0.5 μm

• Machine accuracy = (± 2.5 + L/250) μm; (L: Standard length in mm)

• Angular accuracy = 1” (One second)

• Granite flatness = 2 micron per meter square

• Granite grade = zero grade

• Probing system = MS2DI

• M/c version = CNC version

• M/c working volume = X = 500 mm; Y = 600 mm; Z = 400 mm

• Controller name = Renishaw UCC (Universal CMM Controller) lite-2 (U.K.)

online inspection of parts. These machines can be placed close to

of processing parameter before the next part is made.

• They are also made more rugged to resist environmental effects in

manufacturing plants such as temperature variations, vibration and dirt.

• Thermocouples are incorporated throughout the machine and interfaced with

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