Dr. Kartini Harahap, M. Si

Dr. Kartini Harahap, M.
Si
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT MUST GO HAND IN
HAND. THEY ARE NOT THE SAME THING.
BUT THEY ARE NECESSARILY LINKED, AND
COMPLEMENTARY.
THE MANAGER’S JOB IS TO PLAN, ORGANIZE AND

COORDINATE. THE LEADER’S JOB IS TO INSPIRE AND
MOTIVATE. IN HIS 1989 BOOK “ON BECOMING A LEADER,”
WARREN BENNIS
CASE STUDY???
I used to think that running an organization was equivalent
to conducting a symphony orchestra. But I don't think that's
1.quite it; it's more
Concepts oflike jazz. There is more improvisation. —
Leadership
Warren Bennis
 Good leaders are made not born. If you have

the desire and willpower, you can become an
effective leader.
 Good leaders develop through a never

ending process of self-study, education,
training, and experience (Jago, 1982).
1.1 Definition of Leadership
 Leadership is a process by which a person
influences others to accomplish an objective and
directs the organization in a way that makes it
more cohesive and coherent.
 This definition is similar to Northouse's (2007,

p3) definition — Leadership is a process whereby
an individual influences a group of individuals to
achieve a common goal.
 Leaders carry out this process by applying their

leadership knowledge and skills. This is called
Process Leadership (Jago, 1982).
a) You must have an honest understanding of
who you are
b) what you know
c) what you can do.
d) To be successful you have to convince your
followers
1.3 Followers Different people require
different styles of leadership.
For example,
a new hire requires more supervision than an experienced employee
does. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than
one with a high degree of motivation.
 You must know your people! The

fundamental starting point is having a
good understanding of human nature,
such as needs, emotions, and motivation.
 1.4 Communication You lead through
two-way communication. Much of it is
nonverbal.
 1.5 Situation
All situations are different; You must use
your the leadership style needed for each
situation.
1.6 Bass' Theory of Leadership: Bass' theory of leadership states
that there are three basic ways to explain how people become
leaders (Stogdill, 1989; Bass, 1990).
1. Naturally into leadership roles. This is the Trait Theory.

2. A crisis or important event may cause a person to brings
out extraordinary leadership qualities in an ordinary
person. This is the Great Events Theory.
3. People can choose to become leaders. People can learn
leadership skills. This is the Transformational or Process
Leadership Theory.
for example???????
People want to be guided by leaders they respect and
who have a clear sense of direction.
1. To gain respect, they must be ethical. When

people are deciding if they respect you as a
leader, they do not think about your attributes
2. To clear sense of direction, by conveying a
strong vision of the future
1.8 PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP: TO HELP YOU BE, KNOW, AND DO, FOLLOW
THESE ELEVEN PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP (U.S. ARMY, 1983).
1. Know yourself and seek self-improvement -

Seeking self-improvement means continually
strengthening your attributes.
This can be accomplished through self-study,

formal classes, reflection, and interacting with
others.
1. As a leader, you must know your
job and have a solid familiarity with
your employees' tasks.
2. Seek responsibility and take

responsibility for your actions
3. Make sound and timely decisions -

Use good problem solving, decision
making, and planning tools.
5. Set the example - Be a good role model for your
employees. They must not only hear what they are
expected to do, but also see. We must become the
change we want to see - Mahatma Gandhi
6. Know your people and look out for their well-being
7. Keep your workers informed
8. Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers
9. Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and

accomplished - Communication is the key to this
responsibility
To be such a leader, there is a Leadership Framework to
guide you: BE KNOW DO BE a professional.
Examples:
Be loyal to the organization, perform selfless service, take
personal responsibility. BE a professional who Examples:
Honesty, competence, candor, commitment, integrity,
courage, straightforwardness, imagination.
KNOW the four factors of leadership — follower, leader,

communication, situation. KNOW yourself. Examples:
strengths and weakness of your character, knowledge, and
skills.
 KNOW human nature. Examples: Human needs,
emotions, and KNOW your job.
 DO direction. Examples: goal setting, problem solving,

decision making, planning.
 DO implement. Examples: communicating,

coordinating, supervising, evaluating.
 DO motivate. Examples: develop morale and esprit de

corps in the organization, train, coach, counsel.
 Bibliography [1] Bass, Bernard (1990). From transactional to
transformational leadership: learning to share the vision.
Organizational Dynamics, 18, (3), Winter, 1990, 19-31. [2] Ivancevich,
J., Konopaske, R., Matteson, M. (2007). Organizational Behavior and
Management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. [3] Jago, A. G. (1982).
Leadership: Perspectives in theory and research. Management
Science, 28(3), 315-336. [4] Kouzes, James M. & Posner, Barry Z.
(1987). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. [5]
Lamb, L. F., McKee, K. B. (2004). Applied Public Relations: Cases in
Stakeholder Management. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates. Routledge. [6] Mischel, W. 1968. Personality and
Assessment . New York: Wiley. [7] Newstrom, J. & Davis, K. (1993).
Organization Behavior: Human Behavior at Work. New York:
McGraw-Hill. [8] Northouse, G. (2007). Leadership theory and
practice. (3rd ed.) Thousand Oak, London, New Delhe, Sage
Publications, Inc. [9] Rowe, W. G. (2007). Cases in Leadership.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
 Global Journal of Management and Business
Studies. ISSN 2248-9878 Volume 3, Number 3
(2013), pp. 309-318 © Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com/gjmbs.htm
Leadership Management: Principles, Models and
Theories Dr. Manoj Kumar Sharma and Miss.
Shilpa Jain 1 Assistant Professor, Bus. Admn.,
Commerce, S.P.U. (P.G.) College, Falna Dist. Pali,
Rajasthan. E-mail: [email protected] 2
Student- Commerce, S.P.U. (P.G.) College, Falna
Dist. Pali, Rajasthan.

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Dr. Kartini Harahap, M.

THE MANAGER’S JOB IS TO PLAN, ORGANIZE AND

 Good leaders are made not born. If you have

 Good leaders develop through a never

 This definition is similar to Northouse's (2007,

 Leaders carry out this process by applying their

 You must know your people! The

1. Naturally into leadership roles. This is the Trait Theory.

1. To gain respect, they must be ethical. When

1. Know yourself and seek self-improvement -

This can be accomplished through self-study,

2. Seek responsibility and take

3. Make sound and timely decisions -

6. Know your people and look out for their well-being

7. Keep your workers informed

8. Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers

9. Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and

KNOW the four factors of leadership — follower, leader,

 DO direction. Examples: goal setting, problem solving,

 DO implement. Examples: communicating,

 DO motivate. Examples: develop morale and esprit de

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