Why Gender in DRR

Context – Why Gender in DRR?
 Disasters affect men and women differently,

but more on women.
 Current efforts are devoted on disaster

response and recovery rather than on risk
reduction despite growing acceptance of
DRR.
Context – Why Gender in DRR?
 Few agencies considered gender perspectives
in their reports on DRR - Gender issues have
not yet been integrated into DRR.
 Both DRR and gender are cross-cutting
developmental issues, which need to be
addressed through a holistic approach and
concerted actions in political, technical, social,
developmental and humanitarian processes.
Policy / Rationale
 Government’s commitments to:
Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
Beijing Platform for Action
 Gender-sensitive DRR is crucial for achieving

the goal of gender equality and equity
underlined in BPA/SDGs.
INTERNATIONAL MANDATES
UN-CEDAW…
 promotes equality in all fields;

 affirmative action for women; and
 Protection of women from
violence.
INTERNATIONAL MANDATES
Beijing Platform for Action
(BPfA)…
 calls for action on 12 areas of

concerns affecting women and
girl-children;
INTERNATION MANDATES
Sustainable
Development
Goals:
SDG 5 – Achieve
gender equality and
empower all women
and girls.
Areas of Concern
Violence against women
Inequality in economic structures and policies,

in all forms of productive activities and in access
to resources
Inequality between men and women in the
sharing of power and decision-making in all
levels
Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA)
Adopted MAINSTREAMING as a strategy or
Platform for Action emphasizing 2 aspects:
Requires the integration of equality concerns

into the analyses and formulation of PPPs,
….to ensure positive impact on women and
reduce gender disparities;
NATIONAL MANDATES
Sec 14, Art II
1987 Philippine Constitution
“The State recognizes the role of women in

nation building and shall ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of women and men.”
NATIONAL MANDATES
RA 7192
Women in Development and Nation Building
Act
…promotes the integration of women as full and

equal partners of men development and nation
building.
NATIONAL MANDATES
General Appropriations ACT
…directs the formulation of a GAD plan in which

the cost shall not be less than 5% of their annual
budget.
Republic Act 9710
MAGNA CARTA
OF WOMEN
Magna Carta of Women (RA 9719)
 A comprehensive women’s human rights law.
 Seeks to eliminate discrimination against

women by recognizing, protecting, fulfilling and
promoting their rights especially those in the
marginalized sectors.
Who are in the marginalized sectors?
 Small farmers and rural  Persons with
workers disabilities
 Indigenous people  Worker in the formal;
 Fisherfolks  and informal
 Senior citizens economy
 Moro, urban poor
 Migrant workers
Magna Carta of Women – Sec 37
 All government agencies, offices, bureaus,
instrumentalities, SUCs, GOCCs, and LGUs
shall pursue the ADOPTION OF GENDER
MAINSTREAMING AS A STRATEGY to
promote and fulfill women’s human rights and
eliminate gender discrimination in their systems,
structures, policies, programs, processes and
procedures.
Magna Carta of Women
 Women have the right to security during crises
and in all phases of disaster management, thus
highlighting their:
safety against all forms of GBV and the
inclusion of psychological and livelihood support,
the delivery of comprehensive health services,
and
protection during pregnancy in DR
 Proactive measures should be taken to ensure
that sexual violence is prevented in evacuation
and relocation sites.
Consider the safety of women and children as

key criteria in the selection of evacuation sites
Provide separate, well-fit, and secure latrines for
men and women
 Designate bathing facilities that do not
compromise safety
 Regular patrolling preferably of female police

officers,
 Prohibit gambling and use and consumption of

alcohol and illegal drugs
RA 10121 or the Phil. Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010
…provides that the state shall mainstream disaster
risk reduction and climate change adaptation and
mitigation in development processes such as:
 policy formulation,
 socio-economic development,
 budgeting and governance,
in the areas of:
 environment,
 agriculture,
 water,
 energy,
 health,
 education,
 poverty reduction,
 land use and urban planning, and
 public infrastructure and housing
The state shall also ensure that disaster risk
reduction and climate change measures are:
 gender responsive and sensitive to indigenous

knowledge systems and cultures, and
 respectful of human rights

What is a “MAINSTREAM”?
It consists of:
 interrelated set of dominant ideas (views about
gender roles promoted by culture);
 development directions; and
 mechanisms for decision-making on resource
allocation among social and economic
programs
What is GAD MAINSTREAMING?
 Processes and strategies to ensure the
recognition of gender issues on a sustained
basis.
 A strategy to ensure that the concerns for

gender equality is considered in the
mainstream.
GENDER EQUALITY
make gender equality

as a fundamental
value in development
choices and
GAD MAINSTREAMING institutional practice
The Philippine
Gender Mainstreaming (GM) Strategy
 People
 Policies
 Enabling Mechanisms
 Programs and Projects
Four entry points to GAD Mainstreaming

Gender Issues – Disaster Preparedness
 Women are disproportionally affected by natural

disasters as a result of their status in the society
and gender norms as to what skills females and
males should learn (climbing tree or swimming)
 Community decisions to identify safe areas
 Women have less access to resources
 Transportation and information skills
 Women have less access to resources
 Control over land and other economic

resources,
 Personal mobility, secured housing, and
employment, and
 Freedom from violence
Gender Issues – Disaster Mitigation
 Less participation of women in
public meetings or in
community based
communication campaigns and
limited interactions with their
immediate neighbors, (gender
norms, work demands,
household responsibilities, and
security concerns)
Gender Issues – Disaster Mitigation
 Lack of consideration of the different
roles, needs and information access of
women and men in affected communities
in designs of information and community
systems and institutional arrangements.
Gender Issues – Humanitarian Response
 protection from
gender-based
violence in
temporary
shelter
Humanitarian Response
 Need to consider to gender and
different ability dimensions in the
distribution of relief goods and
commodities.
Ex: Men have physical ability to have
first access to goods dropped by air
(elderly, women heads of households,
& PWD)
Humanitarian Response
 Discrimination among LGBT terms of access to
resources and services.
• Less priority to household headed by lesbian or
gay – goods
• Privacy and security are compromised in their
access to communal toilets and facilities
Recovery and Reconstruction
a. Increased vulnerability to women to:
 violence,
 heavier work as family care provider, with similar
resources,
 limited economic opportunities for wage work, credit or
livelihood assistance, and
 exclusion from rehabilitation program – male heads of
households
Recovery and Reconstruction
b. Responsibility of women to take care of children,
the sick and the elderly affect women’s
vulnerability.
Relocation and Resettlement
a. Increased risks of women, girls and boys
to gender-based violence, trafficking,
sexual exploitation and abuse due to…
 Shortage of livelihood and
economic opportunities,
Relocation and Resettlement
a. Increased risks of
women, girls and
boys to gender-based
violence, trafficking,
sexual exploitation
and abuse due to…
 Lack of privacy
Why Mainstream Gender in
Disaster?
Because Gender Issues Exist.
Gender Issues
Obstacle to
Personhood
Development
Violence Economic
Against Women Marginalization
Political
Multiple Burden Subordination
of Women
Gender
Stereotyping
How do you know that there
are gender issues?
1. When these issues are:
 not just,
 not fair,
 not desirable, and
 oppressive
for either women or men;

2. When there is unequitable allocation of
resources for women and men;

When gender issues are
found, then, there are gender
gaps.
Gender Gaps need to be
addressed, thus
mainstreaming of gender
concerns
 Identify gender issues
 Determine the gaps
 Formulate actions
 Mainstream GAD to regular
PAPs
 Allocate resources (5% - GAA)
Whatever title or office we maybe privileged
to hold,
it is what we do that defines who we are…
Each of us must decide
what kind of person we want to be…

what kind of legacy that we want to pass
on.
Queen Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan
When you see life as it is, you know and understand
that for the best interests of everyone
Women must be recognized, respected and

empowered to participate fully in the dialogue and
decision making of
the organization and management of the resources

of the family and the nation.

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Context – Why Gender in DRR?

 Disasters affect men and women differently,

 Current efforts are devoted on disaster

 Gender-sensitive DRR is crucial for achieving

 promotes equality in all fields;

 calls for action on 12 areas of

Inequality in economic structures and policies,

Requires the integration of equality concerns

“The State recognizes the role of women in

…promotes the integration of women as full and

…directs the formulation of a GAD plan in which

 Seeks to eliminate discrimination against

Consider the safety of women and children as

 Regular patrolling preferably of female police

 Prohibit gambling and use and consumption of

 gender responsive and sensitive to indigenous

 respectful of human rights

 A strategy to ensure that the concerns for

make gender equality

Four entry points to GAD Mainstreaming

 Women are disproportionally affected by natural

 Control over land and other economic

for either women or men;

resources for women and men;

it is what we do that defines who we are…

Each of us must decide

what kind of person we want to be…

Women must be recognized, respected and

the organization and management of the resources

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