How Do You Say It in English

A REVIEW OF THE
ENGLISH STRUCTURE
by:
DR. ANGELA E. LORENZANA

Grammar
CORRECT NOT CORRECT
take care to be taken care of
took care
has taken care
He found it last year He has found it last year
Have you ever been to London? Were you there in London?

Prepositions
Correct Not Correct
Bicol University implements The Bicol University
projects implements project
The Bicol University College of Bicol University College of

Education implements projects Education implements project
It was participated in by 24 it was participated by 24

countries countries
Word-Form
Correct Not Correct
ongoing on-going
Let’s come to voting. Let’s come to votation.
I have a master’s I have a masteral
degree. degree.
I will go joyriding. I will joyride.
I have my battery low. I’m low battery.
Eat on! Eat and eat!
 For names of schools and universities: If there is an of-
phrase, the article the is added. If there is none, the
article the is not used.
 The University of the Philippines

 The University of the East
 The Bicol University College of Education
 Bicol University
 Adamson University
 1. Blessed are the poor. (The poor are blessed)
 Rule: Adjectives used as nouns take a plural verb.
 When the going gets rough, the tough get going.
 2. With nouns connected by neither-nor, either-or

or or, the verb agrees with the noun nearer to it.
 One of many. The verb agrees with the subject.
 One of the children is her son.
 However, in cases of fractions the v erb agrees with the
of-phrase.
 One-half of the apple is good.
 One –half of the apples are good.
How do you say it in English?
 Patayin mo ang ilaw.
Turn off the light.
Switch off the light.
Kill the light.
Patayin mo ang apoy.
Put off the fire.
 Nagagandahan ako kay Mika.
I’m beautifuling of Mika.
 Ikaw kasi!- You because!

Because of you!
Phrasal verbs
To speak straight English, it also

requires mastery over translated
terms in phrases or combinations
or words, not just over particular
single terms or words in “base
forms”
Familiarize ourselves on the
phrasal terms in English
The three major prototypes of
English term construction as to
aptness
Permanent
These are models of English
construction, which are the
appropriate and accurate pattern of
translation we might need for our
Filipino specimens.
Examples
A. na – find (something)
Nagagandahan ako sa iyo.
I find you beautiful. (Permanent form)
You’re beautiful the way I see you.

(Unnecessary self-modeled rephrasing although
correct)
b. Ka – your
Ang mga taong kaedad mo ay masayahin.
People your age are cheerful. (Permanent form)
People of the same age as your age are

cheerful. (Unnecessary recasting although correct.)
Peculiar
It means they are exceptionally
or especially designed by the native
speakers of English on their own
and may be used without
compulsion.
Examples:
1. Kailangan – have got to
Kailangan kong umalis.
I’ve got to go.-(informal)
I have to go.-(Standard or formal)
I need to go.-(Standard)
We say “peculiar” only when
something belongs to or associated
with a particular person, place, time,
things etc. We have some peculiar
expressions, such as again? For na
naman? Americans however, do say
not again instead of again?
Standard
They are highly desirable frames
to follow, established by common
consent, and should be followed by
everyone. It may also be formal and
informal.
Examples
1. dahil sa – in
Dahil sa pagppanik, tumakbo siya sa bangin at

nahulog
In panic, he ran toward the cliff and fell off. –

(formal)
Because of panicking, he ran toward the cliff
and fell off. –(local form by the uninitiated;
agreeable but may sound unnatural depending
on the circumstance in which it might be said or
written
On account of panicking, he ran toward the cliff

and fell off.-(grammatically correct but too
formal and inappropriate for the setting)
2. medyo- pretty
Medyo mabuti ako dito.
I am pretty good here. (Informal)

3. Kapag mag- - if it gets to be
Kapag mag-alas otso na, umalis ka na.
If it gets to be eight o’clock, you leave then. –(With

emphasis on the turn of the incident.)
If it will be eight o’clock, you leave then.-(Simple

formal form)
If eight o’clock will come already, you leave.

(Tolerable but not of fine touch.
The failure to understand the
proper applications of English
prepositions; the misuse and disuse
of them
As soon as the speaker or writer
is armed with the right nouns,
pronouns, verbs, adverbs and
adjectives ready for use in his
proposed sentences, his next
concern would be on how to start,
link or end the sentences.
In the order of degree of disuse
onto
over
into
out
on
up
upon
through
against
On
expressing forward movement
or progress in space
I want you to speak in English
straight on.
Gusto kong magsalita ka sa

Ingles ng diri-diretso.
Just read on.
Tuloy ka lang sa
pagbasa.
Equivalents for one-word English
terms
Dalawa ang daanan dito. Alin
 1.
dapat ang pipiliin ko?
2. Mabigat na obligasyon ang
malapit nang mapasaakin.
3. Dito ka.
 1. Dalawa ang daanan dito. Alin dapat ang
pipiliin ko?
 There are two paths. Which one should I
take?
 2. Mabigat na obligasyon ang malapit nang
mapasaakin.
 I am about to take a big responsibility.
 3. Dito ka.
 Take this place.
 So you don’t have to look for the usual one-word
equivalents.
 Ride-take the bus
 Look-take a look
 Breathe-take a breath
 Delight-take delight
Be careful with prepositions!
CALL IN
 To call in friends or neighbors, is to invite them to come
together.
 To call in a professional man, is to send for him in his
professional capacity
 Government is said to call in currency notes when it withdraws
them from circulation.
 To call in accounts or debts, is to ask for payment of those
accounts or debts, to collect the sums due.
CALL ON or UPON
 To pray to, to invoke
 To pay a brief visit to
 To require authoritatively, to order.
HAND ON
 Is to pass a thing on to another by hand, to transmit, to
pass on to posterity
HAND IN
 Is to give, to tender, to hand in an application, a
resignation, you hand in a letter at an office, i.e. you
give it by hand and go away.
SPEAK OUT or UP
 Is to speak louder
SPEAK WITH
 A person, is to converse with him
SPEAK OF or ABOUT
 Ulysses spoke of the men and the cities that he had
seen
C. Structural
Sentences
Not
Skeleton Sentences
Indeed, what most users can
manage to build up are almost if not
exactly skeleton sentences only. They
do not have the complete materials to
make their sentences shaped and come
out alive. In that case, their thoughts
are perched on their tongue, stuck up
there.
This is because their focus is more
confined to familiarizing of the skeletals. In
fact we could expect that most students as
well as majority professionals largely take to
the habit of learning word meanings
concentrated on base-nouns, one-word
action verbs, simple adjectives, and few
adverbs without varied and special
functions. Along the process they may have
memorized loads of these stuffs.
But get them to speak! There
goes the trouble. They now
hesitate. And naturally, even if
they are armed with thousands
of those skeleton chunks,
because they failed to get the
simple trick secret.
You may realize now that the three
term-connectors you are about to study
are some of the busiest and most
necessary openers and linkers in
English sentences that are a must for
every user to familiarize.
in that
Avoid overusing because
(sapagkat)
with
It does not only denote
“togetherness:, rather, it is the
counterpart for sa, na, sa
pamamagitan, nasa, sa
parteng/bahaging/puntong,
kung, and diyan/niyan.
as
If because and in that also
become overused, you can
alternate them with as. It also
means because and in that. In
adition, it is the equivalent in
Filipino of sa pag, kung, nang,
kapag, sa and dahil.
Example:
1. Sana walang masaktan sa pagdaan ko.
I wish that no one will be hurt as I pass
by.
2. Gawin mo akong matapang dahil may
malakas akong kalaban.
Make me brave as I have a strong
enemy.
ika/sa ika ikahiya, ikainis, sa ikakagalit
ina inasawa, inalipin
naka/nakapag nakapanood, nakapag-almusal

Sa ika/ika – to; take to;prove to;be to
1. Nag-i-ensayo siya sa ikapiperpekto
He is practicing to perfection
2. Huwag mo itong ikahiya

Don’t take it to your own dishonor/discredit/humiliation

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A REVIEW OF THE

DR. ANGELA E. LORENZANA

He found it last year He has found it last year

Have you ever been to London? Were you there in London?

The Bicol University College of Bicol University College of

It was participated in by 24 it was participated by 24

 The University of the Philippines

 2. With nouns connected by neither-nor, either-or

 Ikaw kasi!- You because!

To speak straight English, it also

I find you beautiful. (Permanent form)

You’re beautiful the way I see you.

Ang mga taong kaedad mo ay masayahin.

People your age are cheerful. (Permanent form)

People of the same age as your age are

Kailangan kong umalis.

I’ve got to go.-(informal)

I have to go.-(Standard or formal)

Dahil sa pagppanik, tumakbo siya sa bangin at

In panic, he ran toward the cliff and fell off. –

On account of panicking, he ran toward the cliff

Medyo mabuti ako dito.

I am pretty good here. (Informal)

Kapag mag-alas otso na, umalis ka na.

If it gets to be eight o’clock, you leave then. –(With

If it will be eight o’clock, you leave then.-(Simple

If eight o’clock will come already, you leave.

Gusto kong magsalita ka sa

ina inasawa, inalipin

naka/nakapag nakapanood, nakapag-almusal

2. Huwag mo itong ikahiya

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