Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete

PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND
HARDENED CONCRETE
 Properties of Fresh Concrete (Workability)
 Properties of Hardened Concrete

(Strength,Permiabilitiy,Durability)
 Micro-cracking of concrete
 Causes of Damage of Concrete

Properties of Fresh Concrete:
Introduction:
The potential strength and durability of concrete of a given mix proportion
depends on the degree of its compaction. It is vital, therefore, that the
consistency of the mix be such that the concrete can be transported, placed,
and finished sufficiently early enough to attain the expected strength and
durability.
Significance:
The first 48 hours are very important for the performance of the concrete
structure.
It controls the long-term behavior, influence f'c (ultimate strength), Ec (elastic
modulus), and durability.
Properties of Fresh Concrete :
• Workability
• Slump Loss
• Segregation/Bleeding
• Plastic Shrinkage
• Time of Set
• Temperature
Workability :
Definition: Effort required to manipulate a concrete mixture with a minimum
of segregation.
It is not a fundamental property of concrete.
I) consistency (slump)-- easy to flow
II) cohesiveness --tendency to bleed and segregate
Slump Test:
Slump test is a test conducted before concrete is to
be used for casting. The purpose of slump test
Is to determine the water content in concrete and its workability
PROPERTIES OF
HARDENED CONCRETE
 The principal properties of hardened concrete which
are of practical importance can be listed as:
1. Strength
2. Permeability & durability
3. Shrinkage & creep deformations
4. Response to temperature variations
Of these compressive strength is the most important

property of concrete.
PROPERTIES OF
HARDENED CONCRETE
Of the above mentioned hardened
properties compressive strength is
one of the most important property
that is often required, simply
because;
1. Concrete is used for compressive
loads
2. Compressive strength is easily
obtained
3. It is a good measure of all the
other properties.
STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
 The strength of a concrete specimen prepared,
cured and tested under specified conditions at a
given age depends on:
1. w/c ratio
2. Degree of compaction
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
 Compressive Strength is determined by

loading properly prepared and cured cubic or
cylindrical specimens under compression.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
 Cubic: 15x15x15 cm
Cubic specimens are crushed after rotating them
90° to decrease the amount of friction caused by
the rough finishing.
 Cylinder: h/D=2 with h=300 mm
To decrease the amount of friction, capping of the
rough casting surface is performed.
PERMEABILITY OF CONCRETE
 Permeability is important
because:
1. The penetration of some
aggresive solution may
result in leaching out of
Ca(OH)2 which adversely
affects the durability of
concrete.
2. The moisture penetration
depends on permeability &
if concrete becomes
saturated it is more liable
to frost-action.
3. In some structural
members permeability
itself is of importance, such
as, dams, water retaining
tanks.
DURABILITY
A durable concrete is the one which will withstand in

a satisfactory degree, the effects of service conditions
to which it will be subjected.
Factors Affecting Durability:

 External → Environmental
 Internal → Permeability, Characteristics of
ingredients, Air-Void System...
Structure of “un-damaged” Concrete
Macrostructure Microstructure
SULFATE ATTACK
 To reduce the sulfate attack

1. Use low w/c ratio→ reduced permeability
2. Use proper cement → reduced C3A and C3S
3. Use pozzolans → they use up some of the CH to
produce C-S-H
CORROSION
 Electrochemical reactions in the steel

rebars of a R/C structure results in
corrosion products which have larger
volumes than original steel.
 Thus this volume expansion causes cracks

in R/C. In fact, steel is protected by a thin
film provided by concrete against
corrosion. However, that shield is broken
by CO2 of air or the Cl- ions.
THANK YOU

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PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND

 Properties of Hardened Concrete

 Causes of Damage of Concrete

Properties of Fresh Concrete :

Of these compressive strength is the most important

 Compressive Strength is determined by

A durable concrete is the one which will withstand in

Factors Affecting Durability:

 To reduce the sulfate attack

 Electrochemical reactions in the steel

 Thus this volume expansion causes cracks

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