Diet Modified in Composition: Precious U. Imam, RN

DIET MODIFIED IN
COMPOSITION
Precious U. Imam, RN
LOW CALORIE DIET
 Calorie restriction, or caloric restriction (CR)
 dietary regimen that restricts calorie intake, where the baseline for the
restriction varies
 People who are interested in going on a very low-calorie diet (VLCD)
should first consult a physician.
 A very low-calorie diet is any diet plan that allows 800 calories or less
in a day; and the diet is overseen by a physician.
 The length of such a diet is relatively short, usually between 3 and 6
months. Any longer and serious health complications may arise.
LOW-CALORIE DIETS AND VERY
LOW-CALORIE DIETS
 As you can see, a VLCD is different from what a person might casually
call a "low-calorie diet," which would commonly consist of 1500 to
1800 calories per day.
 If you're interested in something less aggressive, there are plenty of diet
plans that will allow for more moderate calorie restriction.
HIGH CALORIE DIET
 one furnishing more calories than needed to maintain

weight, often more than 3500–4000 calories per day.
 A diet containing more than 4,000 calories per day.
 Some medical conditions require a high-calorie diet to help
maintain or promote weight gain.
 People with liver disease are at risk of malnutrition due to
poor intake and altered nutrient metabolism.
To meet their needs, most people with liver
disease should increase the amount of
calories they eat each day.
 People with Huntington's Disease have
higher calorie needs because of their
constant fidgeting which increases their
metabolic rate.
Cancer patients tend to have higher calorie
needs because of a poor appetite related to
treatment.
Eating more calorie-dense foods, such as
whole milk, cheese and nuts, can help you
increase your calorie intake when you have a
poor appetite.
Severe Burns
Underweight
Competitive Athletics
HIGH-PROTEIN DIET
a diet that contains large amounts of protein,
consisting largely of meats, fish, milk, legumes, and
nuts.
It may be indicated in protein depletion that results
from any cause, as a preoperative preparation, or for
patients with severe burns and sepsis.
It may be contraindicated in liver failure or when
kidney function is so impaired that added protein
could result in azotemia and acidosis.
LOW-PROTEIN DIET
is any diet in which the protein intake is

reduced. Anyone diagnosed with kidney or
liver disease may be prescribed a low-
protein diet.
In any case, a diet which is especially low in
protein should only be undertaken under
medical direction.
Reduce amount of protein
Some of each type of protein should still be
consumed each day from the two main sources:
Animal products (fish, poultry, eggs, meat, dairy
products) – considered high quality or complete
protein.
Vegetable products (breads, cereals, rice, pasta,
dried beans) – considered low quality or incomplete
protein.
LOW FAT DIET
According to the USDA, a low-fat diet – as the
name implies – is a diet that consists of little fat,
especially saturated fat andcholesterol, which is
thought to lead to increased blood cholesterol
levels and heart attack.
It is important to know that dietary fat is needed
for good health, as fats supply energy and fatty
acids, in addition to supplying fat-soluble vitamins
like A, D, E, and K
LOW CARBOHYDRATES
 dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption
usually for weight control or for the treatment of obesity.
 Foods high in digestible carbohydrates (e.g. bread, pasta) are
limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage
of proteins and fats (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs,
cheese, nuts, seeds, peanuts, and soy products) and other
foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables)
although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are
often allowed.
 The amount allowed of these foods varies with different low-
carbohydrate diets.
Such diets are sometimes ketogenic (i.e. they
restrict carbohydrate intake sufficiently to
cause ketosis) for example, the induction phase of
the Atkins diet.
 Some sources, though, consider less restrictive
variants to be low-carbohydrate as well.
Apart from obesity, low-carbohydrate diets
are often used as treatments for some other
conditions, most notably diabetes and
epilepsy, but also for chronic fatigue
syndrome (see ketosis) and polycystic
ovarian syndrome
A LOW SODIUM DIET
is a diet that includes no more than 1,500 to 2,400

mgs of sodium per day.(One teaspoon of salt has
about 2,300 mg sodium.)
People who follow a vigorous or
moderate exercise schedule are usually advised to
limit their sodium intake to 3,000 mg per day and
those with moderate to severe heart failure are
usually advised to limit their sodium intake to
2,000 mg per day.
The human requirement for sodium in the diet is
about 69 mg per day, which is typically less than
one-tenth as much as many diets "seasoned to
taste".
For certain people with salt-sensitive blood
pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative
effect on health.
LOW POTASSIUM DIET
Potassium is a mineral that assists in

maintaining normal blood pressure and
proper contraction of the heart.
The nervous system, digestive system,
muscles and heart are kept healthy.
It is found in whole grains, vegetables, milk,
fruits, peas and dried beans.
 Need of a low potassium diet
If an individual has kidney problems, excess potassium can accumulate
up to dangerous levels in the blood. This causes irregular heartbeats,
confusion or a heart attack. In this case, a low potassium diet is
recommended. If the diet contains less than 2000 mg of potassium per
day, then it is called as a "low potassium diet".
 Low potassium foods

1 serving of the following can be considered to be low potassium food.
1 serving implies ½ cup. More than 1 serving of the following can make
it high potassium food.
General foodsBread (bread products)
Cake – angel, yellow
Coffee ( maximum 8 ounces)
Cookies (without nuts or chocolate)
Noodles
Pasta
Pies (without chocolate or high-potassium foods)
Rice
Tea (maximum 16 ounces)
LOW PURINE DIET
A low-purine diet is an eating plan that limits foods

that contain purine. Purines are a natural substance
found in some foods.
When your body digests purine, a waste product
called uric (say: yur-ick) acid is produced.
A buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints can
cause a type of arthritis known as gout.
Purines are found in many healthy foods. The
purpose of a low-purine diet is not to completely
avoid purines.
Instead, the goals are to limit and monitor how
much purine is in the food you eat, and to learn
how your body responds when you eat different
foods that contain purine.
Avoid Limit Enjoy
At least 12 cups of fluid, such as
Beer Chicken, beef, pork and duck
water or fruit juice
Soft drinks that contain Crab, lobster, oysters and Low-fat and fat-free dairy products,
sugar shrimp such as cheese and yogurt
Lunch meats, especially high-

Fatty food Eggs (in moderation)
fat versions
Organ meats, such as liver,
Liquor Peanut butter and nuts
from any animal source
Bacon, veal and venison Rice, noodles, pasta and potatoes
Yeast Fruits
Anchovies, sardines,
herring, mussels, codfish, Vegetables
scallops, trout and haddock
Gravy Beans
Wine (in moderation)
Coffee (in moderation)

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DIET MODIFIED IN

 one furnishing more calories than needed to maintain

is any diet in which the protein intake is

is a diet that includes no more than 1,500 to 2,400

Potassium is a mineral that assists in

 Low potassium foods

A low-purine diet is an eating plan that limits foods

Lunch meats, especially high-

Bacon, veal and venison Rice, noodles, pasta and potatoes

Wine (in moderation)

Coffee (in moderation)

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