GROUP 10

Millado, Arvi
Miranda, Irish
Lozano, Nixon
Luzon, Michael
 TYPES OF HOISTS

 A PULLEY is a wheel on an axle or shaft that

is designed to support movement and change of
direction of a cable or belt along its a. Single sheave

circumference.
 A pulley may also be called SHEAVE or
DRUM and may have grove between two flanges
around its circumference.
 The drive element of a pulley can be a rope,
cable, belt, or chain that runs over the pulley
inside the groove.
b. Double Sheave
 TYPES OF HOISTS

CHAIN HOISTS

 The CHAIN HOISTS are the popular

mechanism for lifting loads up to tons.
 The system consists of two sets of chains,
namely the HAND and LOAD chain.
 The load to be lifted is held by a LOAD
HOOK while another hook (called SUPPORT
HOOK) at the top, support the mechanism
 TYPES OF HOISTS

 The lever hoist has a handle (or lever),

attached to a block which houses an internal
gear system and ratchet.

 The lever hoist works by cranking the

lever up and down to power the ratchet and
pawl system, which move the load a set
distance per crank.
 TYPES OF HOISTS

 Jacks are portable, hand-operated

devices for moving heavy loads through short
distances.
 There are three types that are in
common use: Screw Jacks, Rack-and-Lever
Jacks, and Hydraulic Jacks
 TYPES OF HOISTS

 A motor driven hoist having one or more

drums or sheaves for rope or chain, and
supported overhead. It may be fixed or
travelling

 A hoist similar to an over head electric

hoist, except that is has base or feet and
maybe mounted overhead
 A crane is a machine for lifting or lowering a load
and moving it horizontally, in which the hoisting
mechanism is an integral part of the machine. It may be
driven manually or by power and may be a fixed or
mobile machine.
 TYPES OF CRANES

 A self-propelled crane equipped with a boom and

mounted on a chasis which is supported on either rubber
tires, endless belts or treads, or railway wheels running
 TYPES OF CRANES

 A gantry crane is built atop a gantry, which is a

structure used to straddle an object or workspace. They
can range from enormous "full" gantry cranes, capable of
lifting some of the heaviest loads in the world, to small
shop cranes, used for tasks such as lifting automobile
engines out of vehicles.
 TYPES OF CRANES

 A tower crane is a structure adapted to hoist and

swing load over high obstructions and mounted upon a
fixed of mobile tower-like gantry. The revolving crance
may be supported on the tower by a revolving mast or by
a turntable.
COMPONENTS OF A TOWER CRANE
 TYPES OF CRANES

 A hammerhead crane is a rotating

counterbalanced cantilever equipped with one or more
trolleys and supported by a pivot or turntable on a
travelling or fixed tower
Ceiling Mounted Workstation Bridge Crane
Provides Tractor Dealership Maintenance
Shop with Lifting Versatility and Efficiency.
A long time tractor dealer located in the
Northeast carries a full line of lawn and
garden equipment, commercial mowing
equipment, and light industrial as well as
agricultural equipment. Along with selling
these products, the location also operates a
maintenance and repair shop. The shop
works on transmissions, motor decks, and
does a lot of tire mountings for commercial
or farm tractors.
Low headroom single girder electric hoists

The low headroom

configuration is the
standard for the best
use of under-beam
space in single girder
cranes.
Normal headroom single girder electric hoists

The normal headroom

single girder configuration,
is the traditional solution in
single girder cranes when
space under beam is not
important. This
configuration is suitable for
1/1 and 2/2 reevings hoists.
 • No costly footings were required -
the support columns were spaced to
match the building's current structural
supports.
• The use of overhead transportation
allowed the distributor to convert aisle
space reserved for fork truck traffic to
profitable storage space.
• Radio controls for the crane and
hoist allowed employees to handle the
pipe bundles while maintaining a safe
distance from the load.
Equipment used to make the
loading dock area of a facility
more accessible and to provide
safe movement of goods in that
dock area. Loading dock
equipment includes elevating
docks, dock levelers, dock
boards, dock lights, bumpers,
seals, shelters, vehicle restraints
and traffic doors.
In a thermal power plant, either coal or oil is
used to heat a boiler to convert water into
steam. The steam is used to turn a turbine,
which is connected to a generator. When the
turbine turns, electricity is generated and
given as output by the generator, and is then
supplied to consumers through high-voltage
power lines.
Some thermal plants also use natural gas to
turn the turbine. The gas is ignited and burned
and the heat creates pressure that turns the
turbine.
Konecranes provides cranes for all kinds of
thermal power plants, such as turbine hall
cranes, boiler room cranes and hoists, and
maintenance and workshop cranes and hoists.
Power Station Long Lift Wire Rope Hoist

A total of 84 catalytic converters are installed on two

levels of a power plant. The individual elements of
the converters are transported from ground level to
a height of 200 ft. or 215 ft. The hoist was used for
the initial installation and subsequently for replacing
the converters which weigh 5,500 lbs. The narrow
installation openings are available for transport of
converter cages safely over the various levels of the
building. In view of the lateral clearance on the
narrow side, the task required a non-rotating true
vertical lift.
Before starting a lift, all PPE normally required
for a work area should be used, including eye,
hand and/or hearing protection. In addition,
any time a load is lifted higher than 5 ft, there
is a greater risk of a head injury. This can be
minimized by wearing a hard hat. Others
involved in the lifting operation, such as
riggers and spotters, should also wear head
protection if the load is to be lifted 5 ft or
higher.
 Daily - Inspect hooks, ropes, brakes and limit switches for wear
and damage.
 Before lifting a load - Check the upper and lower hooks to see
that they swivel. Replace any worn chain or wire rope
immediately. Tag any defective chain or rope and remove from
service.
 Periodically, or as recommended by the manufacturer or
applicable legislation.
 Schedule a detailed inspection of all hoists.
 Follow the manufacturers' recommended maintenance
schedules.
 Replace items not operating properly. Tag defective items and
remove from service for repair by a competent person.
 Post the safe load limit on the hoist.
 Operators should perform a pre-operation inspection and
preparation procedures to identify potential problems,
prevent accidents and enhance the safety of the work
environment. For hand hoist and lever tools, consult ASME
B30.16 (underhung hoist) and ASME B30.21 (lever tools).
Make sure the hoist is not tagged with an out-of-order sign.
 Next, a visual inspection of the hooks, chain, wire rope or
synthetic straps should be performed. Check for broken
wires, damage to chain such as cracks, nicks, gouges, wear
and stretch, kinks, twists and latches on hooks for proper
function. Per ASME B30.16, all hoists must be equipped with
a safety latch that is working properly unless the
application makes the use of a latch impractical as
determined by a qualified person.
 It should also be checked if the hoist is properly reeved. All
warning and safety labels must be present and legible.
Make sure there are no signs of oil leakage on the hoist and
on the floor beneath the hoist. The work area should also be
clear of any accumulation of materials to prevent tripping
or slipping. Additionally, check for poor lighting.
 After a visual inspection, test-run the hoist with no load. Run
the hoist all the way up and all the way down. If any unusual
sounds can be heard coming from the hoist, report it
immediately and tag the hoist out of service.
 Be sure that the hoist stopping distance is normal and there
is not excessive drift. This can be accomplished by lifting a
light load, use 50 lbs/load bearing parts of chain (reeving)
for hand hoists and 100 lbs/load bearing parts of chain for
lever tools. This will ensure the brake is operating properly.
 Equipment operators should perform a pre-operation
inspection to identify potential problems, prevent accidents
and enhance the safety of the work environment. This
sample checklist can be used before a hoisting operation.
After completing the checklist, a visual inspection followed
by a test-run will provide added safety for everyone who
will be involved in the lift
 TAGGED HOIST. Check that the hoist is not tagged "Out of
Service. "
 CONTROLS. Test-run that all motions agree with control
device markings. Run hoist through full range of motions,
all the way up and down.
 BRAKES. Check that there is no load drift. Hoist must hold
load without any drift.
 HOOK (LATCH MUST BE PRESENT). Check for damage,
cracks, nicks, gouges, deformations of the throat opening,
wear on saddle or load-bearing point, and twist. Refer to
the manual furnished by the original manufacturer. Check
latch operation.
 HOIST CHAIN. Check for nicks, gouges, heat damage, bent
links, wear, stretch and proper lubrication.
 WIRE ROPE. Check for broken wire, broken strands, kinks
and any deformation or damage to the rope structure.
 REEVING. Check that wire rope or chain is properly reeved
and that rope of chain is not twisted about each other.
 LIMIT SWITCHES. Check that the upper-limit device stops
the lifting motion of the hoist load block before striking any
part of the hoist.
 OIL LEAKAGE. Check for any sign of oil leakage on the
hoist and on the moor beneath the hoist.
 UNUSUAL SOUNDS. Check for any unusual sounds from the
hoist mechanism while operating the hoist.
 WARNING LABELS. Check that all warning and safety
labels are not missing and are legible.
 HOUSEKEEPING. Check area for accumulation of material
to prevent tripping or slipping. Also check area for poor
lighting.
 Know the safe load limit of the hoist. Do not exceed.
 Keep wire ropes and chains lubricated.
 Hoist from directly over the load. If not centered, the load may
swing when lifted.
 Hang hoists solidly in the highest part of the hook area. Rigged
this way, the hook support is directly in line with the hook shank
 Lever operated hoists can be used to pull in any direction, but a
straight line pull must be maintained. Side pulling or lifting
increases wear and sets up dangerous stress levels on hoist
parts. Only one person should pull on hand, chain and lever
hoists.
 When loading the lower hook, place the load directly in line with the hook
shank. Loaded this way, the load chain makes a straight line from hook
shank to hook shank.

 Pushing a loaded hoist is safer (A). If it must be pulled, use a rope (B).

A B
 Stand completely clear of the load.
 Seat the load properly in the hook.
 Move hoist controls smoothly. Avoid abrupt, jerky
movements of the load. Remove slack from the sling and
hoisting ropes before lifting the load.
 Remove all loose materials, parts, blocking and packing
from the load before starting the lift.
 Make sure everyone is away from the load before starting
to hoist.
 Do not use hoisting equipment for lifting people.
 Do not pass a load over workers.
 Do not tip a load. The load is unstable and harms the hook
and hoist.
 Do not insert the point of the hook in a link of the chain.
 Do not hammer a sling into place.
 Do not leave slings dangling from the load hook. Place
sling hooks on the sling ring when carrying slings to the
load.
 Do not raise loads higher than necessary to clear objects.
 Do not exceed a hoist load limit.
 Do not leave suspended loads unattended.
 A hoist could be considered the most important component of an overhead
crane because it’s the device that actually performs the lifting and lowering
of a load.
 A hoist could be considered the most important component of an overhead
crane system because it’s the device that actually performs the lifting and lowering
of a load. An overhead crane’s hoist lifts and lowers a load by means of a drum or
lift-wheel, in which chain or wire rope wraps around.
 Hoists can be defined by two main characteristics:
 The lifting medium (wire rope or chain) used to support the load
 The power source (manual / hand-powered, electric-powered, or air-powered)
used to perform the lift
 Chain hoists use metal chain as the lifting
medium and perform the lift by pulling the
chain through sprockets and then deposit it
into a container. Chain hoists are a popular
choice because they’re relatively low
maintenance and can be less expensive than
a wire rope hoist system. Chain hoists can be
powered manually, electrically, or
pneumatically.
While they’re a reliable and economical
option, chain hoists do have a lower capacity
and are more commonly found on lighter
duty applications under 5-tons.
The major benefits of using a chain hoist include:
 Ability to change the height of the lift by changing out the chain
 Compact, space-saving design with no drum
 Portable and can tolerate greater levels of abuse
 Capacity up to 25-tons (as standard design)
 Chain can last longer than wire rope

The main disadvantages of using a chain hoist include:

 Limited lifting speed
 Noisier operation
 May be problematic at lift heights above 20 feet
 Wire rope hoists use wire rope as the lifting
medium and perform the lift by wrapping
the wire rope cable around a grooved drum.
Wire rope hoists can be powered manually,
electrically, or pneumatically.

Wire rope is a popular choice in production
environments because it can perform lifts at
a faster speed, higher heights, and can also
be rated for severe duty classifications—
Class D, E, and F cranes.
The main advantages of using a wire rope hoist include:
 Offers very fast lifting speeds
 Can be rated to severe duty classifications
 Dominates the market at 10-tons and above
 Quieter and smoother lifting operation

The main disadvantages of using a wire rope hoist include:

 Wire rope may not be as durable as chain in certain instances
 Wire rope drum occupies more space than a chain hoist
 More expensive than chain hoists
 Manual hoists can be designed in either a chain or wire rope configuration, and are
mainly used for occasional lifts where speed of the lift is not a factor. One chain is
used to lift and lower the load and the other chain is used to support the load. The
chain is pulled using a hand-over-hand motion, or a handheld lever or ratchet, to
turn the gears located inside the hoist and deposit the chain in a chain basket.

 Manual hoists have a simple design that allows for easy inspection, maintenance,
and cleaning. Their compact design allows them to be used in tight quarters, and in
applications where electricity is impractical or is not available.

 Manual hoists are most often used in rigging, maintenance, construction,

automotive, general manufacturing, mining, and oil applications. There are three
main types of manual hoists, including:
 Ideal for construction, maintenance, automotive, and
industrial applications
 Typical capacities can range anywhere from 1/4-ton to
50-ton
 Can be attached to a beam or trolley and utilize a
vertical pull to produce a vertical lift
 Spark-resistant design can be accomplished using
stainless or bronze hooks, wheels, and chains
 Ideal for construction sites, plant maintenance,
and industrial applications
 Design allows the user to pull, lift, and position
materials either horizontally or vertically
 Typical capacities can range anywhere from
1/2-ton to 9-ton
 360° rotation of the lever and top swivel hook for
easy rigging
 Compact, portable, and durable design allows it
be used in tight quarters
 Web straps instead of metal rope or chain material
allow linemen to work on energized power lines
 Lightweight and one-hand operation
 Designed for precise pulling in tight spots
 Electric hoists can be designed to use chain or wire rope, and use an
electric motor to turn gears located inside the hoist that lift or lower
the load. Electric hoists are controlled by pushbutton pendant or
radio controls.
 Electric hoists are typically hard-wired into the crane’s electrification
system and utilize 220v/440v or 230v/460v. Light duty electric hoists
can utilize 110v and plug directly into a standard outlet.
 Electric hoists can be used in a variety of applications and come in
numerous types and configurations, but are limited by duty cycle and
can’t run continuously. The electric motor in the hoist requires a
cooling-off period in between uses to ensure that the motor doesn’t
overheat.
There are five main duty classifications for electric hoists outlined by
HMI/ASME. Each duty cycle classification takes a number of factors
into consideration, including the following:
 Average operating time per day
 Load spectrum
 Starts per hour
 Operating periods
 Equipment life
 Ideal for manufacturing, power generation, and industrial
facilities
 Come in a number of different configurations with
different options
 Consider the following when determining the hoist duty
cycle, number of lifting speeds, and environment in which
it will be used:

 Lifts per hour

 Capacity at which you are lifting
 Amount of time the hoist is in operation
 Ideal for industrial, hazardous,
spark-resistant, and many other
applications
 Light and heavy duty models are
available
 Preferred for strength and
performance and variety of
capacities and lifts
 Pneumatic hoists, often referred to as air hoists, utilize a rotary or piston-
driven motor powered by compressed air. Air passes through the system
and cools the hoist as it operates, so air hoists can run continuously without
rest or risk of overheating—unlike an electric hoist system.
 Air hoists are ideal for industrial and heavy-duty production environments
and perform exceptionally well in high-speed and heavy-usage
environments with constant start and stop. They have a high lifting capacity
(up to 100 tons) and are unaffected by high-heat environments. Air hoists
are frequently used in explosion proof environments and can be configured
to be spark-resistant using brass or stainless components.
 A pneumatic air hoist is only as good as the quality of the air, air flow, and
pressure that it receives for it to work at its rated capacity and performance.
 Offer rugged construction, minimum
headroom, low maintenance, and are
impervious to dust and humidity—making
them ideal for manufacturing, power, and
industrial facilities
 Excel in places where safety is paramount
because compressed air does not generate
sparks, making it the preferred choice in
hazardous areas
 Allows for variable speed controls and
precise load spotting where heavy items are
lifted and positioned as part of production or
warehousing
 Strength and productivity for
lifting and position virtually any
load
 Available in a wide range of
capacities and lifts to suit any
industrial, spark-resistant, or
hazardous application
 Hoists are typically mounted on a trolley, which carries them across a
beam or rail system that they move across. On a trolley on a fixed
monorail, the hoist and trolley move together in forward and reverse
and up or down motions. When mounted on an overhead crane, there
are three motions available: right or left, forward or reverse, and up
or down
 A hook on the top of the hoist frame or hoist
body is used to attach the hoist to the
trolley, or a fixed suspension point on a
beam or part of the structural framework of
a building.
 Typically, chain is used versus wire rope
because the loading position stays in line
with the top hook. Hook-mounted hoists
can be utilized on manual, electric, or
pneumatic hoists.
 A lug mounting bracket is
attached to the top of the hoist
frame, or is integrated as part of
the hoist frame and then the
hoist is suspended from a trolley,
a fixed suspension device on a
beam, or the actual structure of
the building.
 The hoist is hook-mounted, clevis-
mounted, or lug-mounted and
suspended from one or more
trolleys. Travel motion occurs along
the lower flange of a monorail or
bridge crane beam.
 Wire Rope Hoist
 Electric Wire Hoist