Heat Exchanger

HEAT EXCHANGERS
Topics to be discussed.
• A brief introduction about BHEL-BHPV.

• What is a Heat Exchanger?
• Classifications.
Direct contact, Indirect contact heat exchangers.
Parallel flow, Counter flow, Cross flow Heat exchangers.
According to function.
• Applications, Limitations, Advantages of Heat Exchangers.
HEAT EXCHANGER ?
Heat exchanger is a device which is used to transfer heat

from a hot fluid to a cold fluid.
Exchange of heat takes place either by direct contact or
with a conduction medium.
Heat transfer may takes place either by
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Classifications
• According to the nature of heat exchange process:
1. Direct contact (or open) heat exchanger.
• In a direct contact (or open) heat exchanger the exchange of heat takes place
by direct mixing of hot and cold fluids.
• The use of such units is made under conditions where mixing of two fluids
either harmless or desirable.
• Examples: jet condensers, direct contact feed heaters.
2. Indirect contact heat exchangers
• In this type of heat exchanger, the heat transfer between two fluids could be
carried out by transmission through wall which separates the two fluids.
• The use of such units is made under conditions where mixing of two fluids
either harmful or undesirable.
Classification of heat exchangers
• According to direction of flow

Heat exchangers are classified
into three categories
1. Parallel flow
2. Counter flow
3. Cross flow
PARALLEL FLOW HEAT
EXCHANGER
• The two fluid streams travel in

the same direction. The two
streams enter at one end and
leave at the other end.
• This-type of heat exchanger need
a large area of heat transfer
therefore it is rarely used in
practice.
COUNTER FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
• In counter flow heat exchanger, the

two fluids flow in opposite direction.
• The hot and cold fluids flows in
opposite directions.
• This type of heat exchanger due to
counter flow gives maximum rate of
heat transfer for a given surface.
CROSS FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS
• In cross flow heat exchangers, the two

fluids cross one other in space usually in
right angles.
• In this heat transfer rate is greater than
parallel flow and less than counter flow.
FUNCTIONS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
• The heat exchanger equipment in a process is identified by the

operation function it serves at a particular location in the flow
cycle.
• Ex.:
 Vaporizer
 Condenser
 Evaporator
 Exchanger
 Heater
 Chiller
 Re-boiler
 Waste heat boiler
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HEAT
EXCHANGERS ACCORDING
TO ITS CONSTRUCTION
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT
EXCHANGER:
• This type of heat exchanger

consists of a shell with a
bundle of tubes inside it.
• One fluid runs through the
tubes, and another fluid flows
over the tubes (through the
shell) to transfer heat between
the two fluids.
• The set of tubes is called a
tube bundle, and may be
composed of several types of
tubes: plain, longitudinally
finned, etc.
• Suited for higher pressure
applications like oil refineries,
large chemical processes.
FIXED TUBE HEAT
EXCHANGERS
• The essential parts are shell

welded with two tube sheets one
each at either end, which also
serves as flanges for the
attachment of the channels.
• A Fixed Tube Sheet heat exchanger
is the most common type of heat
exchanger in all Industries. Mostly
used in higher-pressure and Higher
Temperature applications.
• Advantage is Low cost because of
its simple construction.
U - TUBE HEAT EXHANGERS:
• U tube heat exchanger is a kind of tube and shell heat exchanger,

belongs to the petroleum and chemical equipment's.
• This kind of heat exchanger is named after the ‘U’ shape tube.
• U tube heat exchanger is composed of some main components
like the tube box, shell, and tube buddle.
U - TUBE HEAT EXHANGERS:
• It is easy to make the U

tube heat exchanger
cleaning and maintenance,
which is because the tube
buddle can be drawn from
the shell body.
• This kind of heat exchanger
has a light quality, is
suitable for the situation
with high temperature and
high pressure.
Applications of heat exchangers
• It is widely used in various industries like

1. Oil and Refinery industries.
2. Thermal Power plants.
3. Nuclear power plants.
4. Chemical processing industries.
5. Petroleum refinery industries.

Heat Exchanger

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What are the different classifications of heat exchangers?

What are the different types of heat exchangers based on construction?

HEAT EXCHANGERS

• A brief introduction about BHEL-BHPV.

Heat exchanger is a device which is used to transfer heat

• According to direction of flow

• The two fluid streams travel in

• In counter flow heat exchanger, the

• In cross flow heat exchangers, the two

• The heat exchanger equipment in a process is identified by the

• This type of heat exchanger

• The essential parts are shell

• U tube heat exchanger is a kind of tube and shell heat exchanger,

• It is easy to make the U

• It is widely used in various industries like

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