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    CPU Memory RAM ROM

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    Michael Ben
    The CPU controls the functions of the system and is inserted into the motherboard's socket. Memory stores programs and data, including RAM and ROM. RAM is a read-write memory used by the CPU during program execution and is volatile, needing power to retain data. ROM is a non-volatile read-only memory used to store permanent boot programs. RAM technologies have evolved from DIP to SIMM to DIMM. DRAM must be periodically refreshed while SRAM retains data without refresh but is more expensive.

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    CPU Memory RAM ROM

    Uploaded by

    Michael Ben
    172 views19 pages
    The CPU controls the functions of the system and is inserted into the motherboard's socket. Memory stores programs and data, including RAM and ROM. RAM is a read-write memory used by the CPU during program execution and is volatile, needing power to retain data. ROM is a non-volatile read-only memory used to store permanent boot programs. RAM technologies have evolved from DIP to SIMM to DIMM. DRAM must be periodically refreshed while SRAM retains data without refresh but is more expensive.

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    CPU memory RAM ROM.ppt

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    The CPU controls the functions of the system and is inserted into the motherboard's socket. Memory stores programs and data, including RAM and ROM. RAM is a read-write memory used by the CPU during program execution and is volatile, needing power to retain data. ROM is a non-volatile read-only memory used to store permanent boot programs. RAM technologies have evolved from DIP to SIMM to DIMM. DRAM must be periodically refreshed while SRAM retains data without refresh but is more expensive.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    172 views19 pages

    CPU Memory RAM ROM

    Uploaded by

    Michael Ben
    The CPU controls the functions of the system and is inserted into the motherboard's socket. Memory stores programs and data, including RAM and ROM. RAM is a read-write memory used by the CPU during program execution and is volatile, needing power to retain data. ROM is a non-volatile read-only memory used to store permanent boot programs. RAM technologies have evolved from DIP to SIMM to DIMM. DRAM must be periodically refreshed while SRAM retains data without refresh but is more expensive.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    CPU Memory RAM ROM

    CPU (Main Processor)


    • The main component of the motherboard is
    the main processor chip which controls all the
    inner functions of the system.

    • The central processing system functions as the


    brain of every PC.
    • CPU is inserted to the socket provided for it on
    the motherboard, and is not soldered on to
    the motherboard

    • - hence replacement very easy.

    • - One can choose CPU according to ones


    requirement and budget.
    Memory
    • Place where computer stores program

    • TWO TYPES

    • RAM
    • ROM
    RAM Memory
    • Random Access Memory is a read/write
    type of memory used by the processor to
    keep program , data and intermediate
    result during the program executions.

    • It is a volatile type of memory, it loose its


    content when power supply to it is
    switched off.
    • Note :
    • Any information in the volatile
    memory or RAM is
    transferred to some
    permanent storage device
    such as Floppy disk or hard
    disk before switching off the
    computer.
    • Physical installation of RAM memory on
    motherboard can take place in various ways.

    • DIP (Dual In –line Pin) memory chip were used


    in initial motherboard

    • Later SIMM ( Single Inline Memory Modules)


    became common

    • Currently DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)


    are most common
    • RAM is used inside the computer to store
    program , data and results.

    • Organization of memory
    • Any part of the memory can be accessed
    without going through the previous parts

    • Two of the common RAM are


    • DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
    • SRAM(Static RAM)
    Dynamic RAM
    • Used as the main memory as it is cheaper
    than static RAM

    • DRAM utilizes capacitors to store information .


    Problem- Once some data is stored into it ;it
    cant retain data for long time unless the data
    is refreshed after some time.
    • Refreshing the DRAM is done by rewriting the
    content of the memory every few millisecond.
    Else it looses it contents.
    Bit line
    Word line

    T
    C

    A single-transistor dynamic memory cell


    b b

    T1 T2
    X Y

    Word line

    Bit lines

    A static RAM cell.


    Static Memories
    • The circuits are capable of retaining their state as long
    as power is applied (hence state is static).
    • 2 inverters are cross connected to forma latch
    • The latch is connected to 2 bit lines by transistors T1
    and T2.
    • Transistors act as switches that can be opened or closed
    under control of word lines.
    • When the word line is of ground level, the transistors is
    turned off and retains its state.
    b b

    T1 T2
    X Y

    Word line

    Bit lines

    A static RAM cell.


    Read operation
    • To read the state of SRAM cell, the word line is
    activated to close switches T1 and T2.
    • If the cell is in state 1, the signal on bit line b is
    high and the signal on bit b’ is low. Opposite is
    true if the state is 0.(b & b’ are compliments of
    each other)
    • Sense /write circuits at the end of the bit lines
    monitor the state of b &b’ and the set the
    output accordingly.
    Write operation
    • The state of cell is set by placing the appropriate
    value on bit line b and its compliment on b’ and
    then activate the word line.
    • This forces the cell into the corresponding state.
    • The required signals on the bit lines are
    generated by the sense/write circuit.
    SRAM VS DRAM
    SRAM DRAM
    • Very fast • Slower than SRAM
    • Very Expensive • Cheaper than SRAM
    • Used in Cache memory • Used in most computer
    and CPU register as main memory
    • Need to be refreshed
    periodically
    ROM Memory
    • It is a Read Only type memory.
    • Data is written into it by the
    manufacturer.
    • It is non volatile type of memory
    • Motherboard normally contains one
    or more of these ROM chips.
    • Memory capacity of ROM varies from one
    system to another.

    • 64 KiloBytes was normally sufficient for XT


    system, whereas a P4 based motherboard
    require 2MegaByte or more ROM.

    • ROM is used inside the computer to keep


    permanent information such as the “boot
    program” which is required each time the
    machine is switched on.

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