June

2014
The Evolution of
Mobile
1G  2G  3G
Technologies:  4G LTE

1
 The mobile experience is expanding
everywhere
Billions of Mobile Connections Billions of Mobile
Experiences “
”

~25 Billion
Interconnected devices
forecast in 20202

~7 Billion
Mobile connections,
almost as many as
people on Earth1
>100 ~270
Billion Billion
App downloads App downloads 2
Source: GSMA Intelligence, Apr. ‘14; 2 Source: Machina Research, ‘13; 3 Source: Gartner, Sep. ‘13
1
 Mobile is an amazing technical
achievement
Mind-blowing Reliable
Performance
with processing power greater Connectivity
overcoming signal loss resulting in
than the most advanced super computers receiving signal 100 trillion times
of the early 1990s1 weaker
All in a than when it
Jaw-dropping
device that originated3
Broadband
Graphics
with capability to process several
fits in your Speeds
with blazing fast data rates capable
thousand megapixels per second2 pocket of 300+ Mbps4

High Quality Long Battery

Multimedia 2
4K UltraHD video player/recorder Life all these amazing
with ability to power
HD gaming console experiences with less energy than it
5.1/7.1 surround sound system takes to power a light bulb for 15
High resolution digital camera minutes5

Source: Charlie White, Sep. '13 & giffgaff.com, Sep’13; 2 Based on latest Qualcomm® SnapdragonTM 800 series processors; 3 Based on >140 dB path loss typical in
1
3
mobile;
Connectivity is the foundation of a great mobile
experience Connect Reliably
Talk and browse without interruption
with more bars in more places Connect On-the-Go
Connect Real-Time
Talk and browse with seamless
Get instant access to content with
mobility anywhere you get a signal
less delay for “always-on” experience

Connect Fast Connect Longer

Stream, surf, upload, and download Go longer without plugging in
with fast, predictable data rates with improved battery efficiency

Delivering rich mobile broadband

experiences

4
 Powered by evolving mobile technologies for better
experiences
Mobile 1G Mobile 2G Mobile 3G Mobile 4G
AMPS, NMT, TACS D-AMPS, GSM/GPRS, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE
cdmaOne WCDMA/HSPA+, TD-SCDMA LTE, LTE Advanced

N/ <0.5 63+ 300+

A
Analog Mbps+1 Simple
Digital Voice Mbps2
Mobile Mbps
Faster
3
and
Voice Data Broadband Better

Richer Content More

(Video) Connections

1Peak data rate for GSM/GPRS, latest Evolved EDGE has peak DL data rates capable of up to 1.2 Mbps; 2 Peak data rate for HSPA+ DL 3-carrier CA; HSPA+ specification includes additional potential CA + use of multiple antennas, but no 5
announcements to date; 3 Peak data rate for LTE Advanced Cat 6 with 20 + 20 MHz DL CA; LTE specification includes additional potential CA + additional use of multiple antennas, but no anno uncements to date
Evolving mobile technologies deliver great mobile
experiences
Appreciating the magic of mobile requires understanding the evolution from 1G to 4G LTE
3G optimized mobile for data
1G established seamless
1 mobile connectivity 3 enabling mobile broadband
services, and is evolving for
introducing mobile voice faster and better connectivity
services

4G LTE delivers more capacity for

2G digital wireless technologies
2 increased voice capacity 4 faster and better mobile
broadband experiences, and is
delivering mobile to the masses also expanding in to new
frontiers

Qualcomm has been at the forefront of

5 this evolution, pushing wireless
boundaries to enable the best mobile
experiences
6
 Mobile 1G established the foundation of
mobile
1 2 3
Licensed Frequency Mobile
Cleared spectrum for exclusive use
Spectrum Reusing frequencies
Reusewithout interference CoordinatedNetwork
network for seamless
by mobile technologies through geographical separation access and seamless mobility

PSTN
(landline)

Operator-deployed base Neighboring cells operate on different Integrated, transparent backhaul

stations frequencies to avoid interference network provides seamless
provide access for subscribers access
7
Mobile 1G was amazing, but
limited
Requires large gap of spectrum Support for only 1 user per
between users to avoid channel
interference

Frequenc
Spectrum is a finite resource like land; mobile spectrum is extremely valuable land (e.g., beach-front y
property)

Radio channels are like roads

Analog voice consumed
built on this land to deliver
voice services to users channel – 1 call per
channel

8
 1G analog voice was amazing, but
limited Limited Capacity Limited Scalability
Analog transmissions are inefficient at Analog devices are large/heavy, power
using limited spectrum inefficient, and high cost

A
B

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)*

Large frequency gap required between users to avoid interference

A B
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
kH kH kH kH kH kH kH kH
z z z z z z z z
Support for only 1 user (analog phone call) per channel
9
* Example shown based on AMPS 1G
Mobile 2G digital technologies increased voice
capacity
Delivering mobile voice services to the masses – more people, in more places
Mobile 2G
D-AMPS, GSM/GPRS,
cdmaOne
Mobile 1G
AMPS, NMT, TACS Mobile for the Masses
More Voice Capacity
Foundation of Mobile
Seamless Mobility

1
0
1
0
1
1
1980 0 1990
s 1 s 10
Early Mobile 2G technologies enabled more users per
channel
STILL required large gap of
spectrum between users to avoid Supported >1 user per
interference channel

Frequenc
y

Rigid delivery schedule whether

Digital voice
or
compressed into
not the user is actively talking
smaller “packages”

1
1
Mobile 2G digital wireless technologies enabled more
Initial 2G technologies (D-AMPS, GSM) based on
users
TDMA
More Voice Capacity Scalable Technology
Digital transmissions enable compressed voice and Digital components cost/weight far less plus deliver
multiplexing multiple users per channel more secure signal

Voice Encoder
(Vocoder)
Compressed Voice
Uncompressed Voice Signal 8 kb per
Signal 64 kb per second
second
>1 user per radio (pocket-sized)
channel

A B C
30 Tim
kHz e
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
Allows multiple users per radio channel with each user talking one at a
time
1
2
 Different Mobile 2G TDMA techniques were
standardized Only one user per radio
Mobile 1G channel
User A
f
(Analog) 30
Tim
e
AMPS, NMT, TACS kH
z
Mobile 2G Three users per radio
(Digital) A
channel
B C A B C
Standardized as
D-AMPS
IS-54 by TIA in 1992 f Tim
Mainly in North America 30 e
No longer utilized kH
z

Mobile 2G
Eight users per radio
(Digital) channel
A B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H
Standardized by ETSI
GSMin 1990 (phase 1) f
200 Tim
Initiated in Europe kH e
Still widely used today (>4B connections WW1) z
Simple data services with GPRS

1
Source: GSMA Intelligence, May ‘14
1 3
TDMA still required large frequency gaps to reduce
interference

B E Also required potentially

A
unreliable “hard” handoffs
F Switch channels between adjacent
C D
cells – potential for dropped calls

Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel

Channel 4 Channel 5
1 2 3 6 7 8

Frequency Gap 14
CDMA utilizes all the available spectrum to support more
users
Ability to support
Utilize all many more usersCDM
available (>10x 1G) withAsame
spectrum spectrum

Frequenc
y

No rigid delivery schedule –

delivery truck can take
Each users advantage of when user is
information
coded with not talking to support more
unique callers
code

1
5
 Qualcomm solved the seemingly impossible wireless
CDMA enables users to share the same frequency and communicate at the same
challenge
time At the At the
Transmitter Receiver Other signals
Spread using Code Reconstruct
User A using Code look like noise
A User A
A
Spread using Code + Reconstruct using
User B Code B
B User
B
Spread using Code + Reconstruct
User C using
C User Code C
C

Voice Voice
Voic Voice Voice
e Voic Voice
Code Division Multiple Access
Voice e Voice Voice
(CDMA) Multiple users can talk at same
Voice
time using different languages (“codes”) Voic
V Voic
e
oic e
e 1.25 MHz 16
Qualcomm solved complex challenges to commercialize
CDMA 1 2 3
Near-Far Power Cell-Edge Multipath Fading
Users closeChallenge
to the tower overpower InterferenceChallenge
caused by users in close Challenge
Interference caused by the reception of
the uplink signal minimizing capacity proximity, on the same frequency, and the same signal over multiple paths
on the shared channel communicating with different towers resulting in poor signal-to-noise ratio
Solution: Solution: Solution:
Continuous control of transmit Users simultaneously Advanced (“rake”) receivers combine
power based on signal strength communicate with multiple towers energy of multiple signal paths
at cell edge

Path A
B A

Path B
+
User A
Up to 1,000,000 X Path C
User A + Soft (vs. Hard) Handoffs
User B User B Signal Strength
Without Power
With Power Control
Additional benefit of simultaneous at Receiver
Noise
Control Signal Power at
Tower
Signal Power at Tower connections – more reliable handoffs 1
7
 CDMA delivered unprecedented voice capacity and much
Qualcomm efforts lead to new CDMA standard (IS-95) referred to as
more
cdmaOne
CDMA CDMA
Increased voice capacity by several times
Benefits ~14 Timeline
February 1990
2

Provided more efficient use of spectrum resources x First CDMA field trial completed by
Qualcomm and NYNEX
Increased battery life in mobile devices March 1992
Better security with CDMA encoding Standards committee formed in
Telecommunications Industry Association
May 1995
IS-95 revision A (cdmaOne) released
December 1995
~3
Reference First commercial deployment
(1x) x
December 1999
cdmaOne subscribers pass 50 million
Analo GSM cdmaOn worldwide (>80 operators in >30 countries)
g 1990s e
Potential
1980s Voice Capacity 1990s CDMA is the foundation
Improvements1 for Mobile 3G
Approximate total number of subscribers serviced within same spectrum based on AMPS (1G), GSM and cdmaOne technology commercial deployed in 1990s; 2 Source: CDG,
1 technologies 1
8
 CDMA established the foundation for 3G
technologies
Mobile 3G evolved into two competing standards both based on CDMA
IS-95 CDMA2000 EV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized)
(cdmaOne) Uses 1.25 MHz carrier; Optimized data channel for CDMA2000
Initial CDMA standard easy migration from cdmaONE providing mobile broadband services
from Qualcomm July 2000 (Revision A) October 2000 (Release 0)
May 1995

WCDMA (UMTS) HSPA (High Speed Packet Access)

Uses 5 MHz carrier; Optimized data channel for WCDMA
Evolution
leverages GSM core network providing mobile broadband services
Influenced June 2001 (Release 99) June 2004 (Release 5)

19
Note: ITU IMT-2000 compliant 3G standards included EDGE, TD-SCDMA, and WiMAX; CDMA2000 and WCDMA were the most commercially
Mobile 3G evolved mobile for
Introducing high-speed internet access for the first
data
time
Mobile 3G
CDMA2000/EV-DO,
Mobile 2G WCDMA/HSPA+, TD-SCDMA
D-AMPS, GSM/GPRS,
cdmaOne Mobile Broadband
Mobile 1G Data Optimized
AMPS, NMT, TACS Mobile for the
Masses
Foundation of Mobile More Voice Capacity
Seamless Mobility

1
0
1
0
1
1
1980 0 1990 2000s
s 1 s 20
 Mobile voice was amazing, but consumers wanted
A new, insatiable demand for internet access and data services emerges
more
Broadband Internet The Smartphone Mobile
Everywhere

2  39 
199 200 201
092 0 0
Average mobile
subscriptions per
100 people1

Consumers introduced to broadband internet Amazing innovations in device technology Thanks to 2G technologies, more and more
access in the home/office resulted in the era of the smartphone people had a mobile subscription

Source: Worldbank.org for United States

1 2
1
 EV-DO optimized 3G for data enabling mobile
broadband
Data Enabled Data Optimized
Simple Data Services Mobile Broadband

Mobile CDMA2000/EV-DO
2G 14.7 Mbps2
<0.5 Mbps1

Text Email
+
Capable of
efficiently EV-DO
supporting CDMA2000
small data files Voice Services Data optimized channel with
support for larger package sizes

Based on peak data rate – GSM/GPRS

1
22
Based on peak data rate for downlink EV-DO Rev.
2
Qualcomm pioneered EV-DO introducing mobile
broadband
Mobile CDMA2000/EV-DO
Mobile 3G
2G Data Optimized WCDMA/HSPA
Data Enabled Data Optimized
1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 1.25
5 MHz
MHz
Voice

e
Voic
VoiceVoice Voice
Data shared with e
Voice Voice
Voic Voice Voice Voice
Data Voice
Introduction of a
Voic Voic
voice-optimized blazed Voic
EV-DO Voic Voice Voice
Give all resources to Voice data-only, data-
Voice Voice e optimized channel
the trail for e one user at a time
e e radio channel Voice
Voice Voice
Voice Voice (data optimized)
Data Data Voic Voice
D Dat Data V Voic Voice
at e
oic e
Data
a
a e CDMA200 EV-
0 DO

Tex Headlines Multimedi WW Navigatio

t a Browser
W
Email n
Voice App
Simple Data Mobile Broadband
HSPA
s
Voice
EV-DO inventions are the foundation to mobile
broadband
1 2 3
Data Optimized Adaptive Opportunistic
Channel
Splits channel into time intervals Modulation
Uses higher order modulation to Scheduling
Optimizes channel by scheduling
enabling a single user to get all the get more bps per Hz for users with users at the time instances
resources at once good signal quality when users have good radio
signal conditions (with fairness)
Enables richer content Increases peak data rates
Increases overall capacity
Lower Data
Rates

Resourc
Higher Data

Power
Data

es
Rates
Optimize
d
Tim
Cell Edge
User e
A User B

24
CDMA2000/EV-DO blazed the trail for
WCDMA/HSPA
CDMA2000/EV-DO WCDMA/HSP
A
1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 5 MHz

Voic
Data
Voice Voice Voic
Voic Voice Voice e e Voic
e Voice Voice
Voic Voic Voic Voice Voic
Give all resources to
Voice e e
e Voice
Data
e one user at a time
Voice (data optimized) e Voic
Voic Voice
V Voic Voice After voice users served, e
e Voice
oic e remaining resources used
e CDMA200 EV- for data based on same Voic
0 DO principles as EV-DO e Voice
Voic
e

25
Mobile 3G evolved to HSPA+ and EV-DO Rev.
Delivering higher data rates, more capacity, and enhanced mobile broadband
B
experiences
Introduces 64-QAM enabling 50% more Aggregating spectrum enabling increased
Higher Order Modulation (HOM)
bits per second per Hz (bps/Hz)
Carrier Aggregation
user and peak data rates
111
011
101 110 Carrier
01 #1
0 000
Carrier Aggregat
#2
Carrier ed Data
#3 Pipe

Enabling packing 50% more

data into packages
Aggregate channels for higher data rates
26
3G technologies optimized mobile for
Mobile Broadband
data Timeline 1
EV-DO and HSPA 14.4 Mbps
1999
Qualcomm introduces EV-DO
Benefits
Delivered achievable throughput >2 Mbps  January 2002
Reduced operator cost for data services 63+ Mbps
First EV-DO commercial launch
Continuous evolution for enhanced services Q4 2004
3GPP release 6 with HSPA is published based
HSPA+ on WCDMA technology
Q1 2007
3.1 Mbps EV-DO passes 50 million connections

Q108
14.7 Mbps
Rev. B HSPA passes 50 million connections
HSPA June 2008
<0.5
Rev. A First HSPA+ (21 Mbps) commercial launch
Mbps
Mobile 3G Mobile 3G September 2010
Mobile
2G CDMA2000 / EV-DO WCDMA / HSPA First DC-HSPA+ (42 Mbps) commercial launch
GSM / GPRS 3G technologies continue to
Peak Data Rate
(Mbps) evolve
Surpassed 2B connections in 27
Mobile 4G LTE is evolving to provide more data
Delivering faster and better mobile broadband experiences
capacity Mobile 4G
Mobile 3G LTE
CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE, LTE and
Faster Advanced
Better
Mobile 2G WCDMA/HSPA+, TD-SCDMA Mobile Broadband
D-AMPS, GSM/GPRS,
More Data Capacity
cdmaOne
Mobile 1G
AMPS, NMT, TACS

1980 1990 2000s 2010

s s s 28
Mobile 4G LTE complements 3G to boost data
capacity
Multimode 3G/LTE is the foundation for successful 4G LTE

4G LTE
Providing more data capacity for richer content and more Multimod
connections eLTE FDD/TDD
WCDMA/HSPA+
CDMA2000/EV-
TD- DO
3G SCDMA
GSM/GPR
S
Enabling a consistent broadband experience outside 4G LTE
coverage
Delivering ubiquitous voice services and global roaming

29
Mobile 4G LTE delivers more data
capacity Flexible support for wider
channels supporting more
users

Create spatially
separated paths with
more antennas

Aggregate channels for

higher
data rates

30
 Mobile 4G LTE delivers more data
capacitybrowse, stream, and game faster than ever with faster and better
Download,
connectivity Carrier
#3
Carrier
#1 Aggregate
Carrier #4 d Data

Connec Carrier #2
Carrier #5
Pipe
Up to 100
More Antennas MHz
Carrier Aggregation
t Wider Channels
Flexible support for Advanced MIMO techniques to Aggregate up to 100 MHz for
channels up to 20 MHz create spatially separated paths; higher data rates – 2 carrier (2C)
Faster enabled with OFDMA 2x2 MIMO commercial; 3C announced1
mainstream

Connect
Real- Simplified Core Low Latencies
time Network All IP network
with flattened architecture
Optimized response times for
both user and control plane
resulting in less equipment improves user
per transmission experience 3
As of May
1
1
 Mobile 4G LTE is the first global standard for mobile
broadband
LTE FDD & LTE TDD
Global LTE network Two modes, common standard, same ecosystem

27
launches
10 Spectrum
1
Spectrum 2
Uplink
(UL)
Downlink

9 1
Countries
(DL)
Frequency Division Duplex
(FDD)
Time

Launches
Large device Paired spectrum enables

1,56
ecosystem
>10 Spectrum UL
better coverage
DL UL DL

3Devices
0 Time Division Duplex
Unpaired
Time

spectrum enables asymmetrical

(TDD)
Vendors
DL/UL for more DL capacity

32
Source: GSA, Mar. ‘14
 Mobile 3G and 4G
technologies continue to
evolve to deliver faster and
better mobile broadband
experiences
33
Mobile 3G and 4G LTE continue to
evolve a faster and better mobile broadband
Delivering
experiences
4G LTE has evolved to LTE Advanced
Providing more data capacity and expanding into new frontiers Rel-10 Rel-11 Rel-12 & Beyond

LT LTE Advanced
Rel-8/9

E
3G networks have continued to evolve and improve—so much so some call it
4G
Providing a consistent broadband experience outside
Rel-7/8 LTE coverage Rel-10 Rel-11
Rel-9 Rel-12 & Beyond
HSP HSPA+ Advanced
A
HSPA+ HSPA+
Rel-12

WCDMA WCDMA+
Rev A Multicarrier Phase I Phase II

EV- EV-DO Rev. B DO

DO
Advanced
Voice Efficiency M2M Efficiency
CDMA2000 1X
1X Advanced
Commercial 34
Mobile 3G/4G technologies are evolving for more data
capacity
HSPA+
Evolutio
Shannon’s Law
n

� ≈ � ∙ � ∙ log2(1 +
HSPA
+
HSP
A

𝑆𝑁�)
Capacity Spectrum Antennas Signal
More More
Quality Interference
Spectrum Antennas Mitigation

~3.5
GHz &
ASA

Making the best use of all spectrum Advanced multiple antenna

types with more licensed spectrum techniques to create spatially Advanced receivers and antenna
as the top priority, e.g., ASA, ~3.5 separated data paths, e.g., 4 way techniques, e.g., LTE FeICIC/IC,
GHz, unlicensed spectrum receive diversity, 4x4 MIMO HSPA+ advanced device receiver
35
 LTE Advanced is evolving and expanding into new
frontiers

~3.5
GHz &
ASA

Extending LTE Dynamic LTE broadcast. Going LTE Direct for continuous Higher spectrum bands
Advanced to unlicensed beyond mobile for terrestrial device to device new licensing models—
spectrum TV proximity awareness Authorized Shared
Access
Qualcomm is the leader in Mobile 3G/4G
First World Mode
technologies
Each modem generation enhances user experience and provides more LTE Advanced
Modem
capacity First LTE Advanced
with 60 MHz CA and
CAT6
DL: 150 Mbps DL: 300 Mbps
First 20 MHz Carrier 60 MHz Carrier
First Integrated LTE First LTE Aggregation Aggregation
Multimode Integrated Worl
DL: 100 LTE d
Mbps Higher
efficiency (LTE)
Smartphone Mod
2 x 2 MIMO e
Support for 3G and 4G First 3C-HSPA+
technologies DL: 63 Mbps
First DC-HSPA+
Increasing User

UL: 11 Mbps
DL: 42 3 Carrier Aggregation
Mbps
First HSPA+ UL: 11
Experience

DL: 28 Mbps Mbps

UL: 5.76 Mbps 2 Carrier Aggregation
Higher Order Modulation
First HSUPA 2x2
DL: 7.2 MIMO
Mbps
UL: 5.76 Mbps
Enhanced Uplink
First Channel
HSDPA
DL: 1.8
Mbps
UL: 384 kbps
Higher Order
Modulation Time
37
Qualcomm® GobiTM is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Qualcomm is the leader in Mobile 3G/4G
technologies
Hiding the complexity underneath the most seamless mobile connectivity
The Unique Qualcomm
Advantage

LTE EV- LTE GSM HSPA+ CDM TD- 700/ 1500/ 2300/ Wi-Fi Position BT
TD / / A SCDM
DO 850/900 1700/1900 2600
FD D GPR WCDM 1X A
A
D All major
S Cellular ~40 RF Bands Wi-Fi,
Standards 17 LTE Voice Positioning,
+Standards Evolution Supports all technologies, bands, modes,
Modes BT(Bluetooth)
…

38
Qualcomm® GobiTM is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Evolving mobile technologies deliver great mobile
experiences
3G optimized mobile for data
1G established seamless
1 mobile
introducing mobile
connectivity
voice
3 enabling mobile broadband
services, and is evolving for
services faster and better connectivity

4G LTE delivers more capacity for

2G digital wireless technologies
2 increased voice capacity
delivering mobile to the masses
4 faster and better mobile
broadband experiences, and is
also expanding in to new
frontiers

Qualcomm has been at the forefront of

5 this evolution, pushing wireless
boundaries to enable the best mobile
experiences

to learn more, go to: 39

Leading the world
to 5G
February 2016
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Our 5G vision: a unifying connectivity
fabric

Enhanced Mission-critical Massive Internet

mobile broadband services of Things
• Multi-Gbps data rates • Uniformity • Ultra-low latency • High availability • Low cost • Deep coverage
• Extreme capacity • Deep awareness • High reliability • Strong security • Ultra-low energy • High density

Mobile devices Networking Automotive Robotics Health Wearables Smart cities Smart homes

Unified design for all spectrum types and bands from below 1GHz to
mmWave 2
Scalable to an extreme variation of
requirements Deep coverage
To reach challenging locations Strong security
Ultra-low energy e.g. Health/ government / financial
10+ years of battery life trusted

Ultra-high reliability
<1 out of 100 million packets lost
Ultra-low complexity Massive Internet
10s of bits per second
of Things Mission-
Ultra-low latency
Ultra-high density
critical As low as 1 millisecond

Enhanced control
1 million nodes per Km2

Extreme capacity
10 Tbps per Km2
mobile
broadband Extreme user mobility
Or no mobility at all

Extreme data rates Deep awareness

Discovery and optimization
Multi-Gigabits per second
Based on target requirements for the envisioned 5G use cases 3
 Enhancing mobile broadband
Ushering in the next era of immersive experiences and hyper-connectivity

3D/UHD video telepresence Tactile Internet UHD video

streaming

Demanding conditions, e.g. venues Broadband ‘fiber’ to the home Virtual reality

Extreme throughput Ultra-low latency Uniform experience

multi-gigabits per second down to 1ms e2e latency with much more capacity
4
 Connecting the massive Internet of Things
Optimizing to connect anything, anywhere with efficient, low cost communications

Smart cities Smart homes Utility metering

Wearables / Fitness Remote sensors / Actuators Object tracking

Power efficient Low complexity Long range

Multi-year battery life Low device and network cost Deep coverage
5
 Enabling new mission-critical control
services
With ultra-reliable, ultra-low latency communication links

Autonomous vehicles Robotics Energy / Smart grid

Industrial automation Aviation Medical

High reliability Ultra-low latency High availability

Extremely low loss rate Down to 1ms e2e latency Multiple links for failure tolerance & mobility
6
A unified 5G design for all spectrum
types/bands
Addressing a wide range ofBelow
use1 cases and
GHz: longer deployment
range scenarios
for massive Internet of Things
Licensed Spectrum Shared Licensed Spectrum Unlicensed Spectrum
Cleared spectrum Complementary licensing Multiple technologies
EXCLUSIVE SHARED
1 GHz to 6 GHz: wider bandwidths forEXCLUSIVE USE
enhanced mobile SHARED
broadband and mission USE
critical
USE

Above 6 GHz, e.g. mmWave: extreme bandwidths, shorter range for extreme mobile

broadband

From wide area macro to local hotspot deployments

Also support diverse network topologies (e.g. D2D, mesh)

7
Qualcomm, leading the world to 5G
Investing in 5G for many years—building upon our leadership foundation

Wireless/OFDM End-to-end system Leading global

technology and chipset approach with advanced network experience
leadership prototypes and scale

Pioneering 5G technologies to Driving 5G from standardization Providing the experience and

meet extreme requirements to commercialization scale that 5G demands

8
Pioneering 5G technologies today with
LTE

5G
We are driving 4G and 5G in parallel to their fullest potential
Advanced MIMO Unlicensed spectrum
256QAM Enhanced CA
FeICIC Internet of Things
Carrier aggregation FDD-TDD CA Massive/FD-MIMO
CoMP Device-to-device Shared broadcast

SON+ Dual connectivity V2X Low latency Further backwards-compatible

4G enhancements
Rel-10/11/12

LTE Advanced LTE Advanced Pro

2015 2020+

Note: Estimated commercial dates. Not all features commercialized at the same 9
time
Driving new LTE technologies to
commercialization
Pushing LTE towards 5G with our unique end-to-end system approach

End-to-end Standards Industry-first

prototype and research trials with network Industry-first
platforms leadership operators chipsets*

First LTE Unlicensed Pioneered LTE Unlicensed First LAA over-the-air First modem and small cell
live demo at MWC 2014 work in 3GPP trial in November 2015 solution to support LAA

Example: Driving LTE Unlicensed to commercialization

* Chipsets are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.; firsts with respect to public announcement of a commercial LTE modem chipset 10
World’s first over-the-air LAA trial during November
Joint
2015 effort by Qualcomm Technologies with Deutsche Telekom AG
LWA (Wi-Fi) test route* LAA test route* Coverage^ in unlicensed

Mbps Wi-Fi LAA

x 2.5
>10 24% of route 60% of route

x 1.8
>1 39% of route 71% of route

x 1.7
>0 47% of route 82% of route

©2009 GeoBasis-DE/BKG, ©2016 Google ©2009 GeoBasis-DE/BKG, ©2016 Google

Wide range of indoor and Demonstrated coverage and Demonstrated fair co-
outdoor test cases capacity benefits of LAA existence with Wi-Fi
* Single small cell, LAA based on 3GPP release 13; LWA using 802.11ac; LTE on 10 MHz channel in 2600 MHz licensed spectrum with 4W transmit power; the following conditions are identical for LAA and Wi-Fi: 2x2 downlink
MIMO, same 20 MHz channel in 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum with 1W transmit power, terminal transmit power 0.2W, mobility speed 6-8 mph; ^ Based on geo-binned measurements over test route 11
Multi-mode/multi-connectivity essential to 5G
success
5G/ 4G/ 3G/ Wi-
Fi Multi-mode
device
5G above 6 GHz

4G below 6 GHz 5G below 6 GHz

Simultaneous connectivity across

5G, 4G and Wi-Fi

12
Leading the world to
From
5G standardization to commercialization
Qualcomm 5G activities
Designing 5G, e.g. OFDM-based unified air interface

Contributing to 3GPP, e.g. massive MIMO simulations, new LDPC code designs

Delivering advanced prototypes, e.g. 5G mmWave demo at

MWC’16

Participating in impactful trials with major operators

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

5G study items

R15 5G work items R16 5G work items R17+ 5G evolution

3GPP 5G standardization 5G commercial launches

Note: Estimated commercial dates; 13

Designing a unified, more capable 5G air
interface
Building on our strong OFDM/wireless foundation

Optimized OFDM- A common, flexible Advanced wireless

based framework technologies
waveforms
OFDM adapted to Designed for forward Such as massive MIMO,
extremes compatibility mmWave

14
Massive MIMO at 4 GHz allows
Leverage higher spectrum band using same sites and same transmit power
reuse of existing sites 4GHz
24x4 Massive
MIMO 80MHz
Average Cell Throughput
= 808 Mbps @ 80 MHz

4GHz
24x4 Massive
MIMO
80MHz 4GHz 13.9X
2x4 MIMO
4GHz 2GHz 80MHz
2GHz 2x4 MIMO 10.5Y 2x4 MIMO
2x4 MIMO 80MHz
20MHz 3.4X
20MHz
Y 2.7Y X Macro site
Cell edge user throughput Median user throughput 1.7km inter-site distance
46 dBm transmit power

Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. simulations; Macro-cell with 1.7km inter-site distance, 10 users per cell, 46 dBm Tx power at base station, 20MHz@2GHz and 80MHz@4GHz BW TDD, 2.4x Massive 15
MIMO
Realizing the mmWave opportunity for mobile
broadband
The extreme mobile broadband opportunity The challenge—‘mobilizing’ mmWave
• Large bandwidths, e.g. 100s of MHz • Robustness due to high path loss and
• Multi-Gpbs data rates susceptibility to blockage
• Device cost/power and RF challenges
• Flexible deployments (integrated access/backhaul)
at mmWave frequencies
• High capacity with dense spatial reuse

mmWav
e
sub6Ghz

Solutions Intelligent directional beam Tight interworking Optimized mmWave

forming & beam tracking with sub 6 GHz design for mobile
Increase coverage & provide Increase robustness To meet cost, power &
continuous connectivity and thermal constraints
faster system acquisition
16
Making mmWave a reality for
mobile
Qualcomm is driving 5G mmWave
60 GHz chipset commercial Developing robust 5G mmWave
today for mobile devices for extreme mobile broadband

0.705 inch

0.28 inch Manhattan 3D map

Results from ray-tracing^

Qualcomm VIVE™ 802.11ad technology

®
2 8 G Hz outdoor example with ~150m dense urban
LOS and with a 32-antenna array element NLOS coverage using directional beamforming^

Qualcomm VIVE is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.;

^ Based on Qualcomm Technologies Inc. simulations 17
Modem and RFFE leadership critical
Roadmap to 5G is significantly more complex and faster moving

Connectivity Wi-Fi BT GPS

Radio frequency bands 19 23 24 26 27 28
21 22 33 35 36 37 38 7 10 11 12

2 3 5 6 4 8 9 1 18 25 20 34 39 40 41 42 43 13 14 17 44

CDMA TD-
EV-DO GERAN UMTS LTE TDD LTE FDD
1x SCDM
A

Handover combinations LTE 2G/3G

(hypothetical examples)
Source: Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

2012 LTE Multimode Today—LTE evolution Tomorrow—5G and LTE evolution 18

 Modem and RFFE leadership critical
Roadmap to 5G is significantly more complex and faster moving

Radio frequency bands 19

BT GPS G 2L4TE 2O6 FD2M7
ConnWeic-Fitiv,i3tyG,
21 22 33 38wav
234 35 7eform
-ba2s8ed
36 3710s,
2WGF-i i modes, and UE categories
4 8 9 1 18 25 20 34 39 40 41 42 tr
43 1a1nsm
13 12ission
14 17 44
technologies
New LTE services, e.g.
50+ 2spectrum bands
3 5 6 LTE Broadcast, VoLTE
450 MHz–5.8
(licensed
GHzand unlicensed)
CDMA TD-
UMTS LTE TDD LTE FDD
EV-DO 1x SCDM

2000
GERAN A

~ 200 Carrier Aggregation

combinations
modem features to-date
Source: Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

2012 LTE Multimode

Source: Qualcomm Technologies Inc.,
Today—LTE evolution
+
and counting

Tomorrow—5G and LTE evolution 19

Modem and RFFE leadership critical
Roadmap to 5G is significantly more complex and faster moving

From below
1 GHz to mmWave OFDM adapted
Many more to extremes Advanced wireless
spectrum Licensed, shared technologies
bands/ types and unlicensed Massive MIMO
FDD, TDD,
half duplex Robust mmWave

Wideband to
Device-to-device, narrowband
mesh, relay
More diverse Mission-critical A much
deployment and nominal traffic wider variation
scenarios Wide area to High to no of use cases
hotspots mobility
Source: Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

2012 LTE Multimode

Source: Qualcomm Technologies Inc.,
Today—LTE evolution Tomorrow—
Tomorrow –5G and LTE evolution 20
Leading the world to 5G
A unifying connectivity fabric for the next decade and beyond

Connecting new Empowering new

industries and devices user experiences

Enabling new Delivering new

services levels of efficiency

21
 Questions? - Connect with
Us
www.qualcomm.com/wireless

www.qualcomm.com/news/onq
BLOG

@Qualcomm_tech

http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp

http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution
Thank you

Follow us on:
For more information, visit us at:
www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog

Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein.
©2016 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm and Snapdragon are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Qualcomm VIVE is a product of
Qualcomm Atheros, Inc. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries or business units within
the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio.
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s
engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.
Spectrum for

4G and 5G
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
December, 2017
Using all available spectrum types and spectrum bands

Licensed Shared Unlicensed

spectruExclusive use
spectrum spectrum
m
New shared spectrum paradigms Shared use
Over 40 bands globally for LTE,
remains the industry’s top priority Example: 2.3 GHz Europe / 3.5 GHz USA Example: 2.4 GHz / 5-7 GHz / 57-71 GHz global

2
Making best use of shared/ unlicensed
spectrum Targeting mobile operators
LTE-U/LAA 1
using LTE in unlicensed
spectrum for new small
Licensed Anchor cell deployments

spectrum Aggregation
Exclusive use Targeting mobile operators
LWA /LWIP 2 3
leveraging existing carrier
Wi-Fi deployments

Broadens LTE ecosystem

MulteFire™ to enhanced and new
deployment opportunities,
suitable for neutral host
Unlicensed
spectrum Evolving for enhanced
Shared use Wi-Fi performance and expanding
4 to new usage models, used
today as neutral host

1. Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA), also includes enhanced LAA (eLAA); 2. LTE WLAN Link Aggregation (LWA); 3. LTE WLAN radio level integration with IPsec tunnel (LWIP); 4. 802.11ac / .11ad / .11ax / .11ay 3
New opportunities with shared/unlicensed
spectrum
Unlocking New spectrum A lot of spectrum may
more spectrum sharing innovations be shared/unlicensed

Shared spectrum can unlock Spectrum sharing has FCC 2016 decision on high-band
spectrum that is lightly used the potential to increase spectrum included a significant
by incumbents spectrum utilization portion of shared/unlicensed1

Spectrum
Licensed

Shared/
Unlicensed
Time

4
1 FCC ruling FCC 16-89 on 7/14/2016 allocated 3.25 GHz of licensed spectrum and 7.6 GHz of shared/unlicensed spectrum.
Spectrum sharing valuable for wide range of
deployments

• Live

Licensed spectrum Enhanced local Private 5G

aggregation broadband networks
Better user experience with higher speeds Neutral host, neighborhood network Industrial IoT, Enterprise

Enhancing existing deployments, New types of deployments,

Examples today: Gigabit LTE with LAA 1
Examples today: Private LTE networks

1. Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA);

5
 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
(QTI) leading the way with Wi-Fi
in the mobile industry 11a 11ay
d 8 GHz,
2 GHz /
60GHz SISO
MU-
MIMO

Led the way for multi-band Wi-Fi

ecosystem with 802.11ad

11b 11 11ac 11ac Wave-2 11ax

g n
2.4GHz 20 MHz / 40 MHz / Downlink OFDMA
160 MHz /
Uplink
/ 5GHz SISO MIMO 4x4 5 GHz support MU-MIMO
MU-MIMO

Introduced industry’s first

802.11ac Wave 2 SOC

6
Qualcomm Wi-Fi chipsets are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Pioneering shared spectrum technologies in
LTE

LSA 1
LTE-U LAA 2

Technically extensive Designed the original First over-the-air trials A founder of the MulteFire A founder of the
pilot in France with technology, commercialized with DT 2015, multiple Alliance, first OTA connection CBRS3 Alliance and
Ericsson and Red in by the LTE-U Forum, commercial deployments Oct. 2016, Release 1.0 a key contributor
Jan 2016 deployed in the US globally and 2nd gen. specification Jan. 2017 to coexistence
Gigabit LTE tested 2017

1) Licensed Shared Access (LSA); 2) Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA), enhanced LAA (eLAA), Deutsche Telekom (DT), SK Telecom (SKT); 3) Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) 7
LTE-U and LAA are now a commercial
reality

LAA Busy Wait

Wi-Fi

Specifications finalized FCC authorized devices LAA for global Supported by Qualcomm®
and published for US deployments deployments Snapdragon™ LTE modems
LTE-U Forum published the FCC has granted equipment Listen-before-talk (LBT) is LTE-U starting with X12 LTE
LTE-U specs in Q1 2014, authorization for both used by both LAA and Wi-Fi modem; LAA starting with X16
3GPP published Rel. 13 LTE-U1 and LAA2 globally in the 5 GHz LTE modem in Snapdragon 835
standard with LAA in Q1 2016 unlicensed band mobile platform

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

1 FCC blog https://www.fcc.gov/news-events/blog/2017/02/22/oet-authorizes-first-lte-u-devices; 2 FCC blog https://www.fcc.gov/news-events/blog/2016/09/23/industry-makes-progress-unlicensed-lte-coexistence 8
Enabling Gigabit LTE all over the world by using
LAA
More operators can deliver Gigabit LTE using LAA in 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum
Share of operators who can deploy Gigabit LTE

16% 64 90%
%
X16 LTE Modem X20 LTE Modem
60 MHz licensed1 20 MHz licensed + LAA 10 MHz licensed + LAA

Over 17 commercial devices, including

smartphones, always connected PC,
mobile broadband devices…
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.; 1)
43 Operators in 25 countries with
Gigabit LTE planned or trialed
9
Ushering in new spectrum sharing paradigms with
Pioneering spectrum sharing technologies with LTE today
5G
5G 5G New Radio (NR)
Sub 6Ghz + mmWave
NR

Spectrum aggregation LTE-U / LAA NR based LAA

Technology aggregation LWA (LTE + Wi-Fi) Multi-connectivity: NR,LTE,Wi-Fi

Shared
spectrum
technologies Tiered sharing (incumbents) CBRS, LSA NR based tiered sharing

Standalone unlicensed MulteFire NR based MulteFire

LTE Advanced Pro

Spectrum below 6 GHz

Learn more at: http://www.qualcomm.com/spectrum-sharing 10

 5G NR will High bands (mmWave)
natively support above 24 GHz
Extreme bandwidths

all different
spectrum types
Licensed Spectrum Mid bands
5G Exclusive use between 1-6 GHz
Wider bandwidths for

NR
e.g. eMBB and
mission-critical
Shared Spectrum
New shared spectrum paradigms

Unlicensed Spectrum Low bands

Shared use below 1 GHz
Longer range for
e.g. mobile
broadband and
massive IOT
11
3GPP study on 5G NR operation in unlicensed
spectrum
First time 3GPP studies cellular technology operating stand-alone in unlicensed 1

High bands
above 24GHz
Aggregation (mmWave)

Unlicensed Mid bands

1GHz to 6GHz

Low bands
Licensed below 1GHz
anchor

NR-based LAA Stand-alone unlicensed Across spectrum bands

NR in unlicensed aggregated with LTE NR operating standalone in unlicensed Both below and above 6 GHz, e.g.,
(dual-connectivity) or NR spectrum. This will become the 5GHz, 37GHz, 60GHz*
(carrier-aggregation) in MulteFire™ evolution path to 5G (*assuming no change
licensed spectrum to waveform)

Fair co-existence in any unlicensed spectrum: NR/ NR, NR/ LTE, NR/ Wi-
Fi 12
Global 4G & 5G
spectrum update
Global 4G LTE spectrum landscape
Over 1,000 band combinations now supported for LTE

Europe
• 450/800/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1800/2100 MHz (FDD)
U.S. / Canada • 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD)
South Korea
• 600/700/850 MHz (FDD)
• 850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1700/1900 MHz (FDD) China
• 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)
• 2300/2600 MHz (FDD/TDD) • 800/1800/2100 MHz (FDD)
• 2500 MHz (TDD) • 1900/2300/2500/2600 MHz (TDD)

Japan
• 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1500/1800/2100 MHz (FDD)
• 2500/3500 MHz (TDD)

Latin America MENA

SE Asia
• 700 MHz (FDD) • 800/1800 MHz (FDD)
• 2300 MHz (TDD) • 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1700/1800/1900 MHz (FDD)
• 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD) India • 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)
• 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD)
• 850/1800 MHz (FDD) • 2300 MHz (TDD)
• 2300 MHz (TDD)

Australia
• 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)
• 2300 MHz (TDD)

14
 <1GHz 4GHz 5GH 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz
z
3GHz 24.25-24.45GHz
24.75-25.25GHz
37-37.6GHz
37.6-40GHz
47.2-48.2GHz 64-71GHz
GHz 3.7-4.2GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 27.5-28.35GHz

600MHz (2x35MHz) 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55-

3.7

37-37.6GHz
600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz
37.6-40GHz
64-71GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 24.5-27.5GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz

New 5G band
Global snapshot of 5G spectrum
700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.6–3.8GHz 26.5-27.5GHz
Licensed
Unlicensed/
3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz shared
Existing band
15
The FCC is driving key spectrum initiatives to enable
5G
Across low-band, mid-band, and high-band including mmWave
5G Spectrum
1 GHz 6 GHz 100 GHz

Low-band Mid-band High-band (e.g. mmWave)

Low-band Mid-band High-band

Broadcast Citizens Broadband 2016 Spectrum Frontiers Ruling3
incentive auction Radio Service and second mmWave ruling in 2017
• Successfully auctioned a portion of the 600 • Opening up 150 MHz in 3.5 GHz band with • In 2016, FCC announced opening up of 11
MHz band that generated $19.8B in proceeds 3-tier sharing with incumbents, PAL1, GAA2 GHz in multiple mmWave bands, 70% of newly
after assignment phase opened spectrum is shared or unlicensed
• FCC to improve PAL rules in 2017 to make them
• Includes 70 MHz (2 x 35 MHz) of licensed suitable for 5G • Unanimously approved. FCC also asked for
spectrum and 14 MHz for unlicensed use comment on other candidate bands identified
• CBRS Alliance formally launched to drive an for IMT-2020
• Spectrum availability timing aligns with 5G LTE-based ecosystem
• In Nov. 2017, FCC adopted second order
• FCC Notice of Inquiry on 3.7-4.2 GHz and allocating 24.25-24.45, 24.75-25.25 GHz,
5.9-7.1 GHz and 47.2-48.2 GHz

1 Priority Access Licenses to be auctioned; 2 General Authorized Access; 3 FCC ruling FCC 16-89 on 7/14/2016 allocated 3.25 GHz of licensed spectrum and 7.6 GHz of shared/unlicensed spectrum. 16
 Low-band: 600 MHz getting ready for 5G NR and LTE
Initially LTE in areas w/ cleared spectrum; 5G when spectrum is cleared of TV stations

Meeting 5G timeline
653-657 MHz Process of clearing the spectrum & repacking TV stations
Licensed wireless mics will take 39 months
617 652 698
MHz 35 MHz MHz 35 MHz MHz
(7 x 5 MHz blocks) (7 x 5 MHz blocks)

Ch. 37 Downlink Uplink 700 MHz UL Greater capacity and wider coverage
Low-band spectrum is optimized for long-range macro deployments
– optimal for connecting the wide-area IoT and more

614-616 MHz 657-663 MHz

Unlicensed wireless mics Unlicensed / wireless mics

Broad industry support

600 MHz Spectrum QTI is working closely with operators & OEMs to enable early
launches, incorporating our industry-leading modem, transceiver,
and RFFE

17
Mid-band: CBRS introduces a 3-tiered shared
spectrum
FCC to optimize PAL rules in 2017 for 5G deployments
Incumbents are protected
Tier 1
Navy radar from interference from
Incumbents FSS RX 2
PAL and GAA

WISP 1

PAL has priority over GAA,

Tier 2 licensed via auction, 10 MHz
PAL
blocks, up to 7 licenses
Priority Access
Licenses (PAL)
GAA can use any spectrum
Tier 3 not used, yields to PAL and
GAA
incumbents
General Authorized
Access (GAA)
3550 3700 MHz

3600 18
High-band: Spectrum Frontiers ruling for 5G
mmWave
Shared and unlicensed spectrum is key for more bandwidths

Licensed access
 27.5 – 28.35 GHz: 850 MHz (2x425 MHz)
 37.6 – 38.6 GHz: 1 GHz (5x200 MHz)
 38.6 - 40 GHz: 1.4 GHz (7x200 MHz) Total
spectrum
Shared and unlicensed access = ~11 GHz
 37 – 37.6 GHz: 600 MHz (3x200 MHz)
 64 - 71 GHz: 7 GHz expansion of existing 60 GHz band

FCC ruling expected in 2017 for additional candidate bands

Including 24.25–24.45, 24.75–25.25, as well as 42–42.5
19
European Commission driving a Gigabit Society1
Deploying 5G across Europe by 2020 with pre-commercial trials starting in 2018

Trials and early Full commercial Full 5G

5G Action Plan
networks 5G services deployments

EC 5G Action Plan – published in Sept. 2016

 Early trials in 2017, pre-commercial trials from 2018
 Full commercial 5G services (one major city per country) in 2020
 All urban areas and major terrestrial transport paths with 5G coverage by 2025

Pioneer spectrum bands for 5G

 Low-band (700 MHz), mid-band (3.4-3.8 GHz), high-band (24.25-27.5 GHz)
 EC Mandate to CEPT focusing on 3.5 GHz and 26 GHz pioneering bands – target completion June 2018
 Additional EC Mandate to CEPT on extended L band (1427 – 1518 MHz) – target completion by end of 2017
 CEPT harmonization of the 26 GHz band ahead of WRC-19 (June 2018 target)
 5G commercial services to use both 3.4–3.8 GHz and 26 GHz in Europe by 2020

Full set of 5G spectrum bands – agree on by end of 2017

 Works towards a recommended approach for the authorization of the specific 5G spectrum bands above 6 GHz – focus on the
bands for WRC-19 (e.g., 31.8 – 33.4 GHz, 40.5 – 43.5 GHz in addition to 24.25 – 27.5 GHz)
 Maximizes spectrum sharing opportunities – sharing as regulatory tool central to European Electronic Communications Code
1 http://www.vodafone.com/content/dam/group/policy/downloads/Vodafone_Group_Call_for_the_Gigabit_SocietyFV.pdf 20
5G spectrum in Europe
Focus on mid-band (3.4–3.8 GHz) and 26 GHz (24.25-27.5 GHz) for 2017+
EC RSC, CEPT, key European Member States are driving regulatory activities to accelerate 5G rollout in
EU Intense regulatory activities for 3.4-3.8 GHz and 26 GHz with auctions expected in 2018-2019
timeframe • Government 5G strategy for UK published in March 2017 • Ireland successful auction of 350 MHz of spectrum for 5G
– DCMS and HM Treasury – 26GHz auction in 2018
• Ofcom planning to auction 150 MHz in 3.4–3.6 GHz in
2018/ 2019 – more spectrum (116MHz) in 3.6 – 3.8 GHz in • In Spain, the 3.6-3.8 GHz band could be tendered according to
2019 market and operators needs from 2018
• Legal Challenges might delay 3.4–3.6GHz auction to 2018 at the • Consultation ongoing on 5G Plan of Ministry for Digital Agenda;
earliest, likelihood of a multiband auction scenario in 2019 CNMC proposal to free up spectrum in the 3.4 – 3.8 GHz range
including (700MHz, 3.4–3.8GHz and 26GHz) • Spain consulting on 26 GHz band – at least 1.4 GHz available for
• For mmWave, Ofcom has initiated a work program on 26 GHz release in 2018
band availability for early 5G deployment
• BenetzA planning to award 3.4-3.8 GHz in the forthcoming
• Ficora is looking at "large-scale 5G tests" in 26 GHz, decided to
awarding process – expected in 2018
make available up to 1 GHz for it in 2017
• For mmWave, 26.5 – 27.5GHz could be included in 2018
award
• ARCEP to award 340 MHz (3.46–3.8GHz) of spectrum in 2018;
• PTS is looking at "large-scale 5G tests" in 26 GHz, decided to
ARCEP spectrum consultation included 26 GHz
make available up to 1 GHz for it in 2017
• Italian government will award 700MHz, 3.6–3.8GHz and • Commitment to make available pioneering bands by 2020 –
26.5– 27.5GHz in 2018 spectrum plan expected to be announced in Q1 2018
• Multiband auction included in the country budget plan for
2018 Other countries:
• Major 5G trials gov’t program on 100 MHz of spectrum in 3.7–3.8 Belgium, Austria, Switzerland planning to release spectrum in
GHz; discussions on re-farming 3.4–3.6 GHz between MoD, 2018/2019 timeframe
MiSE, AGCOM 21
5G Spectrum in Europe
Focus on mid-band (3.4–3.8 GHz) and 26 GHz (24.25-27.5 GHz) for
2018+
Band Award
Band Award
• 3.4 - 3.8 GHz (350 Mhz) 2017
• 3.4 - 3.6 GHz (150 MHz) 2018
• 26 GHz 2018
• 3.6 - 3.8 GHz (116 MHz) 2019
Band Award
Band Award • 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2018/2019
• 3.4 - 3.8 GHz 2018
• 3.46 - 3.8 GHz 2018 • 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2018?
• 26 GHz 2019
Band Award

Band Award • 3.4 - 3.8 GHz 2018

• 3.4-3.8 GHz 2019/2020 • 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2020
• 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2019/2020
Award
Band Award • 3.4-3.8 GHz 2019/20*
• 26 GHz 2020+*
• 3.6 - 3.8 GHz 2018
• 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2018

22
eMBMS1 delivers terrestrial Digital TV more efficiently
A strong candidate to deliver next-gen digital TV in Europe—opportunity elsewhere

Single cellular broadcast network EU decision to harmonize 700 MHz by June

Broadcast also for digital TV content and unicast 30th, 2020 for mobile broadband networks5
for on-demand and interactivity
470 MHz 608 MHz 614 MHz 694 MHz

DVB-T/T2 for
DVB-T/T2 for terrestrial TV
Addresses existing/new devices terrestrial TV
Content to new device types (e.g., receive-only
fixed devices like a TV) and mobile devices eMBMS’s higher efficiency2

eMBMS for terrestrial TV Spectrum freed-up for

Shared broadcast delivery (for same # of channels) new use cases, e.g., 5G
To serve users from multiple providers and
operators—enabling new media delivery 470 MHz 608 MHz 614 MHz 694
MHz

1. Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service; 2. ~2x more efficient than DVB-T/ATSC and provides longer range up to 15km (with further extended CP of 200 us and features such as 2x2 MIMO, 256 QAM, increased subframe
limit); Assumptions: current broadcast technology operates in MFN mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx.
1bps/Hz. Whereas eMBMS operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz 5. Introducing technology neutrality in 470-694 MHz, with priority for broadcasting services until 2030 23
Opening more spectrum for 5G is a global
effort
• MIIT
5G officially allocated
spectrum status 3.3-3.6 GHz &
in key 4.8-5.0 markets
Asian GHz as and Australia
• Regulator issued a public consultation on 5G spectrum, including
official 5G bands bands below 1 GHz, between 1 and 6 GHz, and above 6 GHz.
• MmWave in longer term. Chinese gov’t solicited public
opinion for candidate bands of 24.75-27.5 GHz & 37-
• Regulator announced plan to allocate low-band, mid-band
42.5 GHz non- exclusively in Jun’17 (3.4- 3.7 GHz) and mmWave (24.25-28.35 GHz) spectrum
• Chinese government approved small scale trial
frequencies usage in 24.75-27.5 GHz & 37-42.5 GHz • Demonstrated 5G operating in 28 GHz mmWave band
mmWave ranges in Jul’17

• Phase 1 (2018+): 27.5-28.5 GHz & 3.4-3.7 GHz, also • Planning for 3.4 to 3.7 GHz and also investigating
26.5-29.5 GHz if 3GPP assigns it to 5G, auction mmWave bands
• Telstra has already announced trials in 2018 at the
expected in 2018 Commonwealth Games, using 28 and 39 GHz
• Phase 2 (2018-2021): 2 GHz BW in 26.5-27.5 GHz, 28.5- • Many other governments in the region initiating 5G
stakeholder
29.5 consultations this year
GHz, or WRC-19 bands
• Phase 3 (2021-2026): Looking at another 1 GHz
allocation
24
Asia Pacific Telecommunity also driving 4G & 5G
spectrum
Working on regional spectrum allocation, harmonization, and innovation

 We are working within APG2 with our ecosystem partners

and regulators on planning for the next World Radio
Conference (WRC-19) to develop regional proposals.

 Established in 1979, headquartered

 Also actively working within AWG3 to help drive regional
in Bangkok, Thailand spectrum harmonization, spectrum sharing studies, and
 Founded on joint initiative of the to encourage innovation.
UNESCAP1 and ITU
 38 member countries and 130+
associate/affiliate members

1 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific; 2 APT Conference Preparatory Group; 3 APT Wireless Group 25
Opening more spectrum for 5G is a global
effort
5G spectrum status in Latin America
 Studying bands identified at WRC-15 for IMT, including L-Band and 3.4 – 3.6 GHz
 Targeting millimeter waves to be identified at WRC-19
 Supporting regulatory efforts in CITEL & ITU
Latin America

26
Anyone can talk about 5G.
We are making it a reality.

N
R

Learn more at www.qualcomm.com/5G

27
Qualcomm Research 5G NR end-to-end prototype
systems
Sub-6 GHz Mobilizing mmWave Spectrum sharing
Ubiquitous coverage and capacity for Large bandwidths for extreme More efficient utilization of, and
a wide-range of 5G use cases throughput and capacity access to, scarce resources

Spectrum
Time

Accelerating 5G NR commercialization
Test, demonstrate and Drive and track 3GPP Achieve impactful trials Drive timely
verify our 5G designs 5G NR standardization with network operators commercialization
Qualcomm Research is a division of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 28
 Bringing new capabilities and efficiency to sub-6
GHz

Wide area coverage at 3.3-3.8 GHz band High data rates (up to multi-Gbps)
with multiple simultaneous users utilizing multi-user Massive MIMO Live 5G NR connection with latencies sub-2 ms

Faster, more uniform data rates both outdoor and indoor Self-contained TDD operation 29
Leading the way on 5G NR trials to accelerate
deployments
Starting 2nd half of 2017 in collaboration with operators and infrastructure vendors

3GPP-compliant trials
and interoperability testing
at sub-6 GHz & mmWave

In collaboration with…

…and more to come

30
 Mobilizing 5G mmWave in real-world
environments

Handheld and in-vehicle UEs with Multiple gNodeBs with Indoor mobility with penetration
four selectable sub-arrays 128 antenna elements and dynamic blockage

Outdoor vehicular mobility up to 30 mph

Utilizing adaptive beamforming and beam tracking techniques
with seamless handover 31
 Accelerating 5G NR – the global 5G
standard
To meet the global demand for enhanced mobile broadband

3GPP 5G NR
R15 5G NR R16+ 5G NR study items Study Items continue to evolve/expand 5G NR
R14 Study Item

R15 5G work items R16 5G work items R17+5G evolution

We Are Here
5G NR Standalone (SA) mode
5G NR Non-Standalone 5G NR R15 launches 1
5G NR R16
(NSA) mode launches

Enabling eMBB deployments as early as 2019

Gigabit LTE & eMTC / Continue to evolve LTE in parallel to
NB-IoT deployments become a critical part of the 5G Platform

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

1. Forward compatibility with R16 and 32
beyond
 We are accelerating the path to 5G
Best-in-class 5G NR
5G standards, Impactful trials and Modem and RFFE
prototype systems technology and early deployments with leadership to solve
and testbeds research leadership network operators 5G complexity
Snapdragon X50
5G Modem Family

Test, demonstrate and verify Such as advanced channel Over-the-air interoperability Announced the world’s
our innovative 5G designs to coding, self-contained testing leveraging prototype first 5G NR multimode
contribute to and drive subframe, mobilizing systems and our leading modems for premium
standardization mmWave, … global network experience smartphones in 2019

Learn more at www.qualcomm.com/5G

33
Thank
you
Follow us on:
For more information on ECF, visit us at:
http://www.eyecrossfoundation.com/

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