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    Lasers in Surgery

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    nuclearbrain11
    Lasers have many applications in medicine including surgery, dermatology, and tattoo removal. Different laser types emit different wavelengths of light that are absorbed by various tissues. This heating effect can be used to cut, destroy, or remove diseased tissue with little damage to surrounding healthy areas. Some advantages are reduced bleeding, pain, and scarring compared to conventional surgery. Risks include infection and injury to organs or tissues. Lasers are commonly used to treat conditions like port wine stains, lentigines, and remove tattoos.

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    Lasers in Surgery

    Uploaded by

    nuclearbrain11
    62 views22 pages
    Lasers have many applications in medicine including surgery, dermatology, and tattoo removal. Different laser types emit different wavelengths of light that are absorbed by various tissues. This heating effect can be used to cut, destroy, or remove diseased tissue with little damage to surrounding healthy areas. Some advantages are reduced bleeding, pain, and scarring compared to conventional surgery. Risks include infection and injury to organs or tissues. Lasers are commonly used to treat conditions like port wine stains, lentigines, and remove tattoos.

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    Lasers have many applications in medicine including surgery, dermatology, and tattoo removal. Different laser types emit different wavelengths of light that are absorbed by various tissues. This heating effect can be used to cut, destroy, or remove diseased tissue with little damage to surrounding healthy areas. Some advantages are reduced bleeding, pain, and scarring compared to conventional surgery. Risks include infection and injury to organs or tissues. Lasers are commonly used to treat conditions like port wine stains, lentigines, and remove tattoos.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    62 views22 pages

    Lasers in Surgery

    Uploaded by

    nuclearbrain11
    Lasers have many applications in medicine including surgery, dermatology, and tattoo removal. Different laser types emit different wavelengths of light that are absorbed by various tissues. This heating effect can be used to cut, destroy, or remove diseased tissue with little damage to surrounding healthy areas. Some advantages are reduced bleeding, pain, and scarring compared to conventional surgery. Risks include infection and injury to organs or tissues. Lasers are commonly used to treat conditions like port wine stains, lentigines, and remove tattoos.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Lasers Applications in

    Medicine
    Lasers

    CW
    CO2 wavelength - 10,600 nm

    Argon - 488/514 nm
    Lasers
    Quasi CW
    K-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) 532 nm
    Cu vapour/bromide 510/578 nm
    Ar-pumped tunable dye (APTD)
    577/585 nm
    Krypton 568 nm
    Lasers
    • Pulsed: high-energy laser light in ultrashort
    duration
    Pulsed dye laser (PDL) 585-595 nm
    QS ruby 694 nm
    QS alexandrite 755 nm
    QS Nd:YAG 1064 nm
    Erbium:YAG 2490 nm
    CO2 (pulsed) 10,600 nm
    Skin Optics
    Only 4% to 7 % of light reflected by the
    skin.

    The depth of penetration is inversely


    related to the wavelength.

    Principal skin chromophore:-


    hemoglobin, melanin, intracellular
    water.
    Skin-Chromophore Spectrum
    Lasers in Surgery
    • The laser light is focused to treat tissues
    by heating the cells until they burst.
    • There are a number of different laser
    types. Each has a different use and color.
    • The color, or the light beam, relates to the
    type of surgery that is being performed
    and the color of the tissue that is being
    treated.
    Laser Surgical Applications
    • Cut or destroy tissue that is abnormal or
    diseased without harming healthy, normal
    tissue
    • Shrink or destroy tumors and lesions
    • Sealing of nerve endings to reduce pain
    • Sealing of blood vessels for hemostasis
    • Sealing of lymph vessels to minimize
    swelling and decrease spread of tumor
    cells
    Description of the Process
    • Lasers can be used to perform almost any
    surgical procedure. Specially used to cut,
    coagulate, vaporize, and remove tissue in
    standard procedures, like mastectomy
    (breast surgery).
    • Lasers are also extremely useful in both
    open and laparoscopic procedures.
    Applications
    • Lasers are used alone or in combination
    with conventional surgical techniques in
    procedures
    - improve appearance
    - relieve pain
    - restore function
    - save lives
    Advantages of laser surgery
    • Referred to as "bloodless surgery," laser
    procedures usually involve less bleeding
    than conventional surgery.

    • The heat generated by the laser keeps the


    surgical site free of germs and reduces the
    risk of infection.
    Advantages
    • Due to a smaller incision is required, laser
    procedures often take less time (and cost
    less money) than traditional surgery.

    • Sealing of blood vessels and nerves


    reduces bleeding, swelling, scarring, pain,
    and the length of the recovery period.
    Disadvantages of Laser Surgery

    • The person, including surgeon, guiding the


    laser must be at least as thoroughly
    trained, licensed and highly skilled.

    • All operative areas be equipped with


    oxygen, drugs and equipment required for
    cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
    Disadvantages

    • A qualified physician available to respond


    to emergencies within five minutes.

    • Emergency transportation to a hospital or


    other acute care facility (ACF) be
    available, if and when required.
    Risks of Laser Surgery
    • Risks
    Like traditional surgery, laser surgery can
    be complicated by:
    - hemorrhage
    - infection
    - perforation (piercing) of an organ or
    tissue.
    - protection to patients eyes.
    Lasers in Dermatology
    • QS laser systems can selectively destroy
    tattoo pigment without causing much
    damage to the surrounding skin.

    • The altered pigment is then removed from


    the skin by scavenging white blood cells,
    tissue macrophages.
    Lasers in Dermatology
    • The choice of laser depends on the colour,
    depth and chemical nature of the tattoo
    ink. Two to ten treatments are often
    necessary.
    • Black: QS ruby, alexandrite or Nd:YAG
    • Blue and green*: QS ruby, alexandrite
    • Yellow*, orange*, red: QS Nd:YAG or PDL
    Applications

    Benign lentigo treated twice with the Nd:YAG laser


    Dermatological Applications

    Facial port wine stain before and after pulsed dye laser therapy

    Problem:
    As with other laser treatments, pigmentary and textural
    changes including scars may occur.
    Tatoo Removal

    By
    QS Ruby laser
    QS Alexandrite laser
    QS Nd -YAG laser
    Mechanism
    • Selective vascular injury induced by this
    laser with minimal damage to the overlying
    epidermis.
    • No thermal damage to the epidermis as
    confirmed by video-microscopic analysis.
    • Patients with ectasia (dilatation) of the
    superficial capillary loops had better
    outcome.
    Laser – skin Interaction

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