REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Department of the Interior and Local Government

Department of Public Works and Highways

April 22 – 26,
2018
Hotel Guillermo
Pagadian City
Maintenance Activity
POTHOLE
PATCHING
Pothole Patching

Objectives:

• Inform the participants on each defect/deficiency that

has a corresponding recommended correction of
squaring & patching.

• Discuss the procedures in squaring and patching.

Pothole Patching

Code Description Recommended Corrective Response

Unit
and Associated Defects Measure/Treatment Time

01 - Potholes sq.m. On bituminous pavement, 3 days

bituminous premix (hot) or
Any of the following defects can be recorded under Code 01: penetration patching of the
affected area; adding base
Bowl-Shaped Depression in the pavement surface resulting from materials, if needed, is
the loss of wearing course or base materials;
materials included if no subgrade repair
Delamination - loss of a discreet area of the wearing course layer, is required.
due to poor bonding between the surface and lower layer.
Slippage cracking - often occurs as a result of poor bonding or
adhesion between layers.
Edge Break - edge of the bituminous surface fretted, broken or
irregular.
Spalling - breakdown or disintegration of slab surface at edges, On concrete pavement,
joints, corners or cracks (spalls > 50mm wide, measured from the bituminous premix (hot) or
face of the joint or crack, with loss of material, or broken into two or penetration patching.
more pieces)
Chuck-hole or Punch out, a depressed or broken part of a slab
resulting from pavement cracking and disintegration of concrete.
Delamination
Loss of a discreet area of a wearing course layer due to
poor bonding between the surface and the lower layer.
Slippage Cracking
It often occurs as a result of poor bonding or adhesion
between layers
Causes of Slippage Cracking

• Lack of a good bond between surface layer and the

course beneath due to dust, oil, dirt, rubber, water and
other non-adhesive material

• Tack coat has not been used

• Mixture has a high sand content

• Vehicular turning or stopping movements in pavements

with a low-strength surface mix

Edge Break
Edge of bituminous surface fretted, broken, or irregular
Spalling
Breakdown or disintegration of slab surface at edges, joints,
corners or cracks (spalls≥ 50mm wide, measured from the face of
the joint or crack, with loss of material, or broken into two or more
pieces).
Punch-Out
Broken part of a slab resulting from pavement cracking or
disintegration of concrete
Causes of Potholes

• Inadequate Thickness
• Non-uniform distribution of materials
• Poor asphalt mixtures
• Poor Drainage
• Weak spots in the base or subgrade
• Continued deterioration of another type of distress,
such as cracking, raveling, or a failed patch after
pieces of the original pavement surface have been
dislodged
Alligator Cracks

Code Description Recommended Corrective Response

Unit
and Associated Defects Measure/Treatment Time

02 - Alligator Cracks are interconnected or interlaced cracks sq.m. Bituminous premix (hot) or 3 days
forming a series of small polygons resembling an alligator hide. penetration patching; adding
base materials, if needed, is
included if no subgrade repair
is required.
Alligator Cracks
Causes of Alligator Cracks

• Excessive loading
• Weak surface, base, or subgrade
• Thin surface or base
• Poor drainage
Shoving and Corrugation

Code Description Recommended Corrective Response

Unit
and Associated Defects Measure/Treatment Time

04 - Shoving/Corrugations/Rutting/Depression sq.m. Half or full width replacement 10 days

of defective pavement.
Shoving is the bulging of the road surface generally parallel to the Frequent recurrence of the
direction of traffic and/or horizontal displacement of surfacing defect in a section must be
materials, mainly in the direction of traffic where braking or acceleration investigated to determine a
movement occur. more appropriate intervention
such as : (a) Program road
Corrugations refers to transverse undulations, closely and regularly section for reconstruction; (b)
spaced, with wavelengths of less than 2 meters. Based on engineering
Rutting, a longitudinal deformation in a wheelpath.May occur in one judgment, consider removal
or both wheelpaths of a lane; and and replacement of the
Depressions, localized area within the pavement with elevations lower affected area.
than the surrounding area. May not be confined to wheelpaths and
could extend across several wheelpaths.
Shoving
A form of plastic movement resulting in localized bulging of the
pavement surface, occurs at points where traffic starts and stops or
on hills where vehicles break on the downgrade.
Causes of Shoving

• Mixtures too high in asphalt

• Low air voids
• Fine aggregate content too high
• Excessive moisture or contamination in the
granular base
• Smooth or rounded aggregate
• Incorrect asphalt grade
Causes of Shoving
Corrugation
It refers to transverse undulation, closely and regularly
spaced, with wavelengths less than 2 meters
Causes of Corrugation

• Mixtures too high in asphalt

• Low air voids
• Fine aggregate content too high
• Excessive moisture or contamination in the
granular base
• Smooth or rounded aggregate
• Incorrect asphalt grade
• Lack of aeration of liquid asphalt emulsion
 Rutting
A longitudinal deformation in a wheel path
Causes of Rutting

• Consolidation or lateral movement of any of

the pavement layers or the subgrade under
traffic
• Insufficient design thickness
• Lack of compaction
• Weaknesses in the pavement layers due to
moisture infiltration
• Weak asphalt mixtures
Causes of Rutting
Depression
A localized area within pavement with elevation lower than
the surrounding area. May not be confined to wheel paths
but could extent across several wheel paths.
Causes of Depression

• Settlement or failure in the lower pavement

layers

• Improper construction techniques

 Activity 111

PREMIX PATCHING ON
ASPHALT SURFACE
PAVEMENT
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement

TYPICAL CREW: TYPICAL MATERIALS:

1 – Foreman 1. Hot Mix or Cold Mix Asphalt

1 – Driver 2. Emulsified Asphalt or Cut-back Asphalt
1 – Operator(for levelling) 3. Base Course ( for additional base )
6 – Laborers

TYPICAL EQUIPMENT:

1 – Service Vehicle or Dump Truck

1 – Vibratory Plate Compactor (for additional base)
1 – Road Roller
1 – Torch/Burner (if required)
Hand Tools
Safety Devices
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
1. Placing Road Safety Devices
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
2. Removal of Water
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
3. Marking the defective Area
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
4. Cutting and Breaking the Defective Area
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
5. Disposal of Excavated Materials
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
6. Applying Tack Coat/ Prime Coat
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
6. Applying Tack Coat/ Prime Coat

Before applying tack coat, the surface must be swept or

flushed. The rate of application of either the rapid curing
cutback or the emulsified asphalt is within the range of
0.2 to 0.7 liter per sq.m.

Rate of application for prime coat is 1 to 2 liters per

sq.m
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
7. Placing the Mix
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
7. Placing the Mix

Things to consider:

 Materials to be used should be dense-graded asphalt mixture

with maximum grain size equal to or less than 19mm.

 Laying of asphalt mixture should be approx. 1cm higher

than the adjacent surroundings to give allowance for
settlement.

 When the depth of hole is more than 7cm, compact mixtures

in two layers.
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
8. Compacting the Mix
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
9. Cleaning the Tools and Area
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement
10. Removal of Safety Devices
Premix Patching on Asphalt Pavement

Procedures

1. Place the safety devices

2. Remove water or temporary patching materials
3. Mark the defective areas
4. Cut and break the defective areas
5. Dispose of excavated materials
6. Apply Tack or Prime coat
7. Place the mix
8. Compact the mix
9. Clean the tools and area (House Keeping)
10.Remove the safety devices
 Activity 112

PENETRATION PATCHING
ON ASPHALT SURFACE
PAVEMENT
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement

TYPICAL CREW: TYPICAL MATERIALS:

1 – Foreman 1. Penetration (Hot) Asphalt

1 – Operator (if roller is used) 2. Crushed aggregate (preferred over
8 – Laborers gravel)
3. Gravel
4. Sand
5. Base Course (for additional base)
TYPICAL EQUIPMENT:

1 – Vibratory Plate Compactor

1 – Road Roller (for large patches)
1 – Concrete Cutter
1 – Torch/Burner (if required)
Hand Tools
Safety Devices
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
1. Placing Road Safety Devices
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
2. Removal of Water
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
3. Marking the defective Area
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
4. Cutting and Breaking the Defective Area
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
5. Disposal of Excavated Materials
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
6. Applying Tack Coat/ Prime Coat
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
7. Placing The Aggregates
 Putting in Aggregate

Place the aggregates in layer and compact each

layer. Mix macadam aggregates and smaller-sized
chippings to minimize void among aggregates.
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
8. Applying Bituminous Material
 Applying Bituminous Material  Finish

Bituminous material should be

Use dry and clean coarse sand.
applied uniformly. The rate of
Surface should be finished by
application should be strictly
Seal Coat to keep water tightness
observed.
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement

Rate of application for Penetration Asphalt is

1 to 2 liters per sq.m
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
9. Compaction

After the spreading of sand, compact immediately

using road roller or plate compactor to prevent
segregation of aggregates.
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
10. Cleaning the Tools and Area
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement
11. Removal of Safety Devices
Penetration Patching on Asphalt Pavement

Procedures

1. Place the safety devices

2. Remove water or temporary patching materials
3. Mark the defective area
4. Cut and break the defective area
5. Dispose excavated materials
6. Apply Tack or Prime coat
7. Place the aggregates and compact each layer
8. Apply the bituminous material
9. Spread sand on the mix and compact
10.Clean the tools and area (House Keeping)
11.Remove the safety devices
 Activity 121

PATCHING ON CONCRETE
SURFACE PAVEMENT
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
TYPICAL CREW: TYPICAL MATERIALS:

1 – Foreman 1. Hot Mix or Cold Mix

1 – Driver 2. Emulsified Asphalt
1 – Operator (for levelling) 3. Penetration Asphalt
6 to 8 – Laborers 4. Crushed Aggregate or Gravel

TYPICAL EQUIPMENT:
1 – Service Vehicle
1 – Dump Truck
1 – Road Roller or Plate Compactor
1 – Vibratory Compressor
1 – Air Compressor
1 – Jack Hammer (sinker drill – for shaping defects if needed)
Hand Tools
Safety Devices
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
1. Placing Road Safety Devices
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
2. Removal of Water

Wet part should be heated with burner

Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
3. Removal Of Broken Or Chipped Off Pieces Of Pavement
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
4. Applying Tack Coat
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
5. Placing the Mix
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
7. Compacting the Mix
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
9. Cleaning the Tools and Area
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement
8. Removal of Safety Devices
Patching on Concrete Surface Pavement

Procedures

1. Place the safety devices

2. Remove water or temporary patching materials
3. Remove the broken or chipped-off pieces of pavement
4. Apply tack coat
5. Place the mix
6. Compact the mix
7. Clean the tools and area (House Keeping)
8. Remove the safety devices
END OF MODULE