Attachments &

Auxiliaries In Begg’s
Technique –
Description &
Application
THE BEGG TECHNIQUE

-an unique approach to ortho Rx.

-Designed to permit teeth to move

towards their anatomically correct
position in jaws under the influence of
very light forces.
- Light i.o force  no undue strain on anchor

- currents of mesial migration on large post. teeth 

rapid tooth movement in presence of round arch
wire & narrow brackets.

- Permits the teeth to move independently of one

another
tipping freely in early stages
detailed root positioning in final stages.
Historical background
Raymond begg
used Ribbon arch appliance at Angle’s
school before he returned to Australia in
nov. 1925.

Working independently in Adelaide he

adopted
extn was often necessary
original ribbon arch brackets but turned
them upside down, slot facing gingivally
Replaced precious metal rectangular wire with
high st. 0.016” s.s wire (A.J. Wilcock)

Added auxiliary springs to control root position.

In resultant appliance friction was

minimized
small contact area between bracket & wire
small force of wire against bracket.
 Attachments used in Begg’s
Technique are

Brackets & lock pins

Bands
Molar tubes
Ball end Hooks
Lingual Attachments
The primary function of attachments
-transmit forces of activation from wires &
elastics to teeth & transmit forces of tissue
resistance back to wires & elastics.

This depends upon

- functional design
- limitations inherent to their location on, &
orientation to, the crown.
Design of Bracket & Tubes

The design of the attach. on all teeth except

molar must permit free crown tipping by aw
& e during first 2 stages & also permit root
tipping by auxiliaries used with aw & e
during 3rd stage.

Molar tube must provide that molars can be

placed & maintained in upright position
without tipping or rotation.
 Brackets
 Main attachment
 Modified ribbon arch brackets - slots facing
gingivally ( narrow brackets – permit free
tipping in all the direction)
 It has a slot to carry the arch wire and a
vertical slot to carry the lock pin to hold wire
Requirements for a light wire bracket
• Ease of arch wire engagement
• Mean to guide both tail and head
of lock pin.
• Positive retention of arch wire in
all 3 stages.
• Free tipping and sliding of arch wire.
• Ability to effect and hold rotations.
• Ability to prevent accidental tipping in
stage 3.
• Facility to use spring pins or rotation
springs with by-pass clamps.
• Should not deform under occlusal load
• Maximum comfort
Dimensions - (TP 256 )

Depth of slot- 0.020” .020”

.020”
.015”

.045”
.125”
Height of slot -0.045”
.122”
Base
dim. -.122”x.125”
Pin slot dim. – 0.020”
 Classification of brackets
According to constitution
Metallic (stainless steel)
bondable
weld able
Non Metallic (Aesthetic)
plastic
ceramic
According to placement
Labial
Lingual
According to anatomical bases
Flat
Curved

 Bondable brackets may have jigs for positioning

ranging height from 31/2 to 41/2 mm.
Metallic brackets
Strength -must be made of good quality s.s sheets
of minimum thickness 0.015”
slot depth must not exceed 0.022”
for rotational control

Weld able bracket can be welded on band it can be

with flat base or curved base
For bondable brackets –
 strong union of bonding mesh with the
proper base by way of brazing is essential,
 done without obliterating mesh holes .
Mesh
Mini mesh (TP 256 -050)-
 smallest base available
 same size of bracket
 more esthetic

Super mini mesh (TP 256-150) -larger

than mini mesh
 extends slightly beyond the bracket
base
 more bonding surface
Esthetic brackets

Plastic brackets
 Made of polycarbonates
 Available in tooth color or crystal clear plastic
 Flat for centrals
 Curved for cuspids & bicuspids
Ceramic brackets

Esthetic bracket

Ceramaflex II 256 begg(TP labs) having

all unique feature of metal brackets

Polycrystalline alumina manuf. by injection

molding. Base is polycarbonate for easy

debonding.
Slots are formed during molding not milled
so resist to stress cracks.

Pins – modified pins s.s/brass and nylon

pins (for nylon pins bending  special
heating device “nylon lock pin iron”
button)

Stage III mini up righting springs, ni ti

tourquing bars
Anatomical bases

 Flat base for incisors

 Bracket flange and base curved for cuspid &

bicuspid – lack rotational control

 Bracket flange flat and base curved –provide

maximum rotational control
 Clockwise brackets
 anticlockwise brackets
Other types of brackets

 LTD limited tipping design brackets

 With built in torque – Kameda brackets

 Combination brackets

 Tip edge brackets

Lock pins - essential to hold the wire in bracket &
allows the force to be transmitted from arch wire &

elastics to teeth.

 Made from soft s.s or brass (nylon for ceramic)

 must be soft to permit easy bending close to bracket

vertical wall
Types of lock pins
One point safety lock pin
 Used during first stage with 0.016” wire
shoulder on labial surface of head
 Beveled under surface tipping(35% more)
 Lab-lin width of pin in slot area is 0.024” so
rotational control with 0.016” wire
 Available plain or with brake- off notch
Second stage Safety lock pins
 Shoulder on labial surface of head ensure
free mesiodistal tipping
 Lab-lin width of pin(0.020”) reduced 0.004”
as compare to stage 1 pins to permit use
with 0.018”or 0.020” inch wire
 Available with brake- off notch
Hook pins
 Used on all teeth that do not req. m-d tipping
 Absence of Shoulder and hook shape permits
positive locking of arch wire and auxiliaries
in 3rd stage.
 Hold to use wire against bracket in ant. tooth
with rotating spring.
High hat pins
Pin with an extension on head to readily
accept vertical or cross elastics
Can be used in any stage

Super high hat

Indicated for fixation the segments with
elastics following surgery
T pins
 Lock pin with broad head that controls the
mesiodistal inclination of tooth

 Normally used in 3rd stage to replace

deactivated m-d springs as a mean of m-d

stability

 Can be used to limit free tipping in any stage.

Types
 Universal T pins (s.s) has lingual hook to retain
arch wire with slight pressure head takes a set to
hold the tooth at any angle

 Original T pins (s.s or brass)

90º, 10º left & 10º right
Ceramaflex pins

modified pins

Used with ceramic brackets

Bulkier than its metallic version

s.s/brass and nylon pins

For nylon pins bending  special heating

device “nylon lock pin iron” button
Lingual pin
To lock the wire in bracket during stage 3 when
plain uprighting springs are used.

Spring pin
A combination of safety lock pin and uprighting
spring
Eliminates the need for ligating the arch wire
to the bracket
Bands
Although bonding has replaced the banding there
are number of indication
 Teeth that will receive heavy intermittent forces
against attach. e.g.. Molar
 Teeth req. both labial & lingual attach.
 Teeth with short clinical crown
 Tooth surface incompatible to bonding
Although there are exceptions, the rule
in cotemporary orthodontics
Anteriors bonded

Premolars bonded or banded depending

upon height of c .crown & need for lingual
attach.

molars pref. banding

Dimensions of bands commonly used
 Molars
0.006” x 0.18” or 0.006” x 0.20”
 Bicuspids
0.004” x 0.15” or 0.005” x 0.15”
 Anteriors
0.004” x 0.125” or 0.003” x 0.125”

Bands
can be custom made or preformed (with or
without attach.)
Molar tubes
Designed to permit free m-d sliding of arch wire
free distolingual tipping of anterior teeth

Tubes –weld able, solder able or bondable

with hook or without hook
with vertical slot (uprighting springs)
2 to 6 degree distolingual offset tubes are
also available
Types of molar tubes
Round
dim-0.036”inside diameter x0.25” long
Placed on buccal surface 1st p molar
Convertible round tube
Dim. Of regular round tube

By placing an insert the internal diameter changed

from 0.036” to 0.021” to reduce the play between
wire & tube during stage 3
Flat oval tube
 Dim- 0.027” x 0.50” internal diameter, 0.200” long,
 when 1st p molar is missing used on 2nd molar
(smaller root).
 Also used in mandibular arch on 1st permanent molar
when man-2nd pm is missing.
 Interchangeable tube
permits switching from a double back arch
wire to a straight back arch wire with out loosing
mechanical advantage and change of tube

End tab
Combination tube
 Consist of gingival round tube 0.036”diametre x
6.2mm long & rectangular (ribbon) occlusal
tube 0.025”x 0.018” dia x 5.5 mm long

 used when finishing is done by rectangular

wire.
 Additional round tube
Placed on molars for engaging lip bumpers,
head gears, EVVA (Experimental fixed
appliance activator) etc.
Placed gingival to main tube except for
EVVA appliance (occlusal)
Ball end hook
 For the hook less tube ball end hook is placed
at the mesial end of molar tube with free end
directed gingivally and distally.
 Prevents rotation of molars as
compared to elastic attached to distal end.
 Especially useful in short clinical crown.
 Increased patient cooperation.
Lingual attachments
Lingual button or cleat
Placed on lingual surface of teeth for
attachment of c. elastics, e. thread, wire
ligature
Placed on m-d center unless severe crowding
is present or tooth is rotated
can be bondable or weld able

Lingual cleats are used instead of button

because they provide greater versatility for
attachment of elastics.
 Cleats are not rigid, so adjustable
 continue to retain elastic as teeth changes its
position
 Low profile can be flattened if impinge on tongue.
 In case of tongue thrusting one leg can be
projected
 Welding flange is thin and flexible no distort lingual
surface of band

Disadv. occasionally irritates tongue, may distort by

chewing force
Cleat Lug
 Made from heavier metal
 Placed lingually in gingival 1/3 of molar band
 Can bear good pressure
 Facilitate proper pushing of bands at their proper
places
Hooks for elastics
lingual side can be placed vertically (free
end extending gingivally) for cross
elastics
For applying elastics or e. thread for
rotational movement.
Seating lug hook

Has flat or curved bases

Can be used on lingual surfaces on all teeth

Used for placement of elastics and for easy insertion

and removal of band

Lingual sheath
 This is used to put auxiliaries like
expanders or TPA
 Internal diameter 0.036”
By pass clamps
Provide a simple means of loosely connecting an arch
wire to buccal surface of bracket.
Ordinarily used on bicuspids
Permit vertical & rotational control during
post. space closure
Nor. not used in stage I
Two levels of attachment are possible.
 C clamp (Lyman Wagers , 1967 , JCO)

Provide a simple means of loosely connecting an

arch wire to buccal surface of bracket.
Ordinarily used on bicuspids
Made from .018 wire.
can be placed on bands prior to
their cementation in the mouth.
Placement of Attachment
Brackets placement
Height
4mm from incisal edge except
l.i 3.5 mm
M-D centre of tooth (on rotated
tooth slight off centre – 1
mm closure to the proximal
surface that is rotated
towards lingual)
Brackets are placed on these heights

 Size of torquing auxiliaries for hygienic consideration

 Mechanics permits generation of an adequate

moment (intrusive force) for proper m/f ratio in
achieving controlled tipping in first stage
 If distance is less  ↑chances of occlusal
interference and/or bracket displacement

 If distance is ↑, diff. to maintain dental arch

length and rotations because arch wire will be
below the contact area between the teeth.
Bracket placement on fractured teeth
 If deep # bracket may be placed inverted so that
slot is still at 4 mm .
 If shallow #it may be trimmed down and bracket is
placed from that surface

If cupid to be used as lateral incisor tip may be

reduced prior to bonding
Lingual buttons & cleats
positioned directly opp. To
area of arch wire
engagement
To permit free m-d tipping &
uprighting
Buccal tubes
From buccal mesial end of tube
is in line with centre of mb
cusp

Mandibular tube should be

placed as gingivally as
possible to keep arch wire
away from occlusal plane.
Elastic hook
positioned so that the elastic
will pull from a point as
near to the center of crown
as possible
Power arms

Used for selective maxillary incisor intrusion to

minimize gummy smile in cases of VME

Deep bite cases where molar extrusion in bite opening

is undesirable.

To avoid canting of plane during Rx

Reduce torque req. on incisors

0.017”x 0.025” or large size wire,
5-7 mm in length,
Follow contour of alveolus.
Soldered to band just above the molar
tube.
Auxiliaries Used in Begg’s technique
It is indicated and possible with Begg tech. to employ
multidirectional forces simultaneously for axial
correction of teeth.

The inherent design of attachments used in tech.

allows for use of auxiliaries in conjunction with main
arch wire.

It is through the effective use of auxiliaries that the

axial position of teeth are controlled.
Classification
 Auxiliaries used in stage I
-Rotation springs
-Mollenhauer’s Aligning Auxiliary (MAA)

 Auxiliaries used in stage II

- Braking Auxiliaries
Passive uprighting springs,
Torquing Auxiliaries (2 spur,4 spur, reverse torque,
reciprocal torque, MAA),
T pins,
Combination wires
 -MAA
-Rotation springs
- Mini uprighting springs

 Auxiliaries used in stage III

-Root tipping auxiliaries
Mesiodistal uprighting springs
Mini uprighting springs
- Root torquing auxiliaries

Two spur auxiliary

Four spur auxiliary
Pre-wound auxiliary
Reciprocal torquing auxiliary
Reverse torquing auxiliary
Kitchton torquing auxiliary
Universal torquing auxiliary
Torque Bars
Rotation springs
 Most efficient & versatile (no lig. attach. Req.) mean
 0.014” & 0.016”
 Vertical leg inserted in bracket slot from gingival
side, holding activating arm perpand. to labial
surface, 2 bends in vertical leg, hook the lever
arm over arch wire
 Necessary to securely connect to arch wire
hook pin for ant., bypass clamps for bicuspid
tooth may go lingually
Once tooth is rotated to desired position, ligated to
adjacent tooth or archwire or pinned in arch wire.

Problems
 Should not be used more than 6 weeks (2 point
contact) restrict free mesiodistal tipping
 Exerts more lateral force on arch wire move the
molar more readily than less powerful elastic thread
ties
Mollenhauer’s Aligning Auxiliary (MAA)

In the classic Begg philosophy crown tipping &

root movements- totally bifurcated, because

 Root movement in early stages- loss of anchorage

 Lingual root tip of incisor – extrusion of incisor

and bite deepening

 MAA attempts root control from the very
beginning without significantly affecting
anchorage & intrusion

 This is possible by using stiff base wire

(0.018” premium plus) & ultra light force
from MAA (0.009” supreme).
 Development of MAA
Mollenhauer –rectangles made in 0.010 “ wire for
reciprocal torque on adjacent incisors (SPECS)  too
heavy force

In 1984, on request of Mollenhauer , A. J. Wilcock

made 0.009” supreme wire

Initially he used it similar to niti or co-axial wire.

Later boxed aux. named

“ An Aligning auxiliary for ribbon arch bracket”.
 Requirements of MAA
 Must generate very light root moving forces

 when reciprocal torque is required with the

adjacent rectangle must not diverge by more
than 450

 Auxiliary
should resist deformation (resilient
supreme grade pulse straighten wire)

 Basewire should be able to resist vertical and

transverse reactive forces from MAA
For lingual root torque
Mollenhauer engaged
MAA first & base arch
wire piggy back

but rectangles lift away

from the tooth surface.
So, Thickest possible
pins (ceramaflex) used.
ADVANTAGES OF MAA
 simultaneous intrusion and retraction of incisors
 of rapid bodily alignment of anterior teeth with
gentle forces
 Stable results
 Reciprocablility of torquing forces on instanding
laterals or palatally placed canines.
 Periodontal advantages – gingival dehiscences
associated with prolonged labial root torquing is
eliminated
 Short stage three
 Possibility of growing cortical bone at point A &
point B.

Various applications of MAA

 bodily alignment of crowded teeth

 Toapply labial root torque on lower incisors in

growing brachyfacial cases.

 Can also be used for labial root torque on upper

incisors in class III cases.
 Bybending more +ve Torque as a
braking mechanism

 For controlling mesio-distal tipping (MAA

tip)
Modification of MAA
 With available pins holding down the boxes for
lingual root torque was difficult. So, torquing
action of MAA is directly applied on gingival
surface of teeth. For this base wire is engaged
first and MAA is engaged piggy back.
 When reciprocal root torque is required on
adjacent teeth the concerned box rides
over the main arch wire with a cross over
band and pressed against the incisor
surface of the crown
 Braking auxiliaries – in minimum anchorage cases
where extractions were performed there is need to
prevent the anterior from over retracting. This can
be done by

 Passive uprighting springs

(made in 0.018” wire)

 Torquing auxiliaries (2 spur, 4 spur, reciprocal
torquing aux., reverse torquing aux. MAA
designed in 0.010” wire or 0.011” wire)

 Combination wires - SS or Alpha Titanium wire,

anterior segment is 0.022” x o.018” (ribbon
mode) and posterior segment is 0.018” round.

 Angulated T pin
Root tipping auxiliaries
the paralleling auxiliaries commonly
termed as, uprighting springs

used to perform MD root movements or to

create resistance to crown movements.

Generally speaking paralleling auxiliaries is

a helical spring with a stem to engage the
pin channel of bracket and an activating
arm which attaches on arch wire.
Uprighting spring first introduced by Begg
– 1961 original spring had a coil and
a long lever arm

Principal
Employs the principal of potential energy of the
resilient arch wire.

Energy is expended in flexing the lever arm to engage

the arch wire. So energy is stored in coils .
During unloading force tends to produce a
mechanical couple which has its end at the
crown and apical position of root with centre
of resistance disposed about 40 % along the
root length from crest above.

since crown is ligated crown movement occurs

Force system employed by Auxiliary. depends upon-
 Gauge of wire used
 Resiliency of wire used
 Size of helix
 Number of coils in the spring
 Direction of activation
Construction
0.014” A. J. Wilcock wire
0.016” & 0.018 “ wire can be used
Begg’s recommendations

Tooth gauge coils

Maxillary and mandibular 0.016” or 0.018 2
canine
Maxillary and mandibular 0.016” 2
2nd premolar
Maxillary laterals 0.014” 2

Mandibular laterals 0.014” 3

To produce an effective force
The helicals and arms of the spring should be in the
same plane as to the long axis of the teeth and the
arch.

Incorrect positioning will rotate the teeth or tip the

roots too far buccal or lingual.

when utilizing root tipping springs its essential to ligate

the base arch wire to slot (elongation)

In extraction cases uprighting springs should be used

on both teeth's adjacent to extraction sites.
 with earlier the arms of springs employ at extraction
sites overlap each other when hooked in position.

 Recent shorter springs are self retaining and don't

interfere with springs of adjacent teeth
Spring pins
developed by begg to overcome the difficulty
of spring pressing against the arch wire
causing it to move in occlusal direction
leading to elongation of teeth.

Compound uprighting spring

lever arm is not engaged on arch wire. But arms of
two springs are held together by a tube.
No special advantage. Ease of placement.
Double spring pin & double uprighting spring
Two springs made from same wire.
More resilient.
Produce less force due to presence of third coil.
Also avoid proximal space opening which can be
closed by activating the central loop.
Can be used only on teeth which require the teeth
to move in opposite directions.
Mini uprighting springs
mini (0.009” supreme)
midi (0.010”– 0.012” supreme).

They differ from older springs in

1. the coil of spring is twice the size of wire,

former springs which was four times

2. the stem of spring runs tangential to the coil

older spring the stem was radial to he coil.
Activation is 100 % (stem and the active arm are in
one line making angle of 180 degrees).

Securing the springs

Advantages
1. Light continuous force
2. Much less taxation to anchorage
3. Better aesthetics
4. Ease in maintaining oral hygiene

0.010” for incisor teeth

0.012” for canines and premolars
Torquing auxiliaries
At the end of stage II anterior teeth will be
tipped lingually & present a dished in
appearance.
The palatal movement of the upper central
incisors roots combined with distal and palatal
movement of maxillary lateral incisor roots is
commonly referred to as root torque.
 Four spur torquing auxiliary

This was the original torquing mechanism used

by Begg.

Spurs rest against labial surface of upper

central and lateral incisors bend in 0.016”
main arch wire.

This has been refined to four spur torquing

auxiliary made of 0.014” 0r 0.016” wire or
0.012” premium plus pulse straightened wire
 Construction
Activation –
using the light wire pliers auxiliary is formed into an
arch smaller than anterior portion of patients dental
arch

with the spurs in nearly horizontal position(25º-

30ºfrom hori. plane)

for 0.012” premium plus pulse straightened wire0º

from hori. plane)

increasing the lingual bands at the base of distal leg of

each spur, placing a slight V bend or curve between
the spurs.
Cuspid curve
In passive state the curvature will appear to drop
below the level of arch wire

when torque auxiliary is applied distal arms will

rotated by supers will follow the curvature of
main arch wire.
Short force spur auxiliary
does not engage cuspid bracket bend from
0.018” .
torque force is comparable to 0.016” auxiliary
that extends distal to cuspid brackets.
Two spur torquing auxiliary
If felt that only central incisors require
torque the two spur auxiliary is used.
Made in 0.014” or 0.016” wire
Reciprocal torquing auxiliary
used when central incisor root will have to be
move lingually and lateral incisor roots labially
often needed when laterals are bodily displaced
lingually, prior to treatment.
Made in 0.014” or 0.016” wire
One to one reciprocal torquing auxiliary
indicated when two adjacent teeth require
root torque in opposite direction. Usually
applied in lower anterior teeth.
Reverse torquing auxiliary
reverse root torquing auxiliary has the
objective of repositioning the mandibular
incisor roots and bringing them forward in a
controlled manner

Indications
1. Bimaxillary proclination or class II div. 1

2. Almost all non-extraction cases

3. To increase the mandibular anchorage
To upright mandibular incisors in third
stage two types are used
Brandt type

Udder type
Brandt type
Fabricated from 0.014 “ resilient wire.
Easy to fabricate .
Good activation control.
Easy to maintain hygiene.
Easily fitted incisally distal to each bracket.
Activation should be moderate.
Buccal arm either end distal to canine but passes
through molar teeth
Udder type
0.014 “ or 0.016 “.
There is no bracket engagement
except for canine.
Difficult to activate for individual
teeth.
Difficult to maintain oral hygiene.
Pre–wound torquing auxiliary (mouse trap
type)
Designed by Begg in 1955.

Bending was originally hand done but now available

commercially in graded size.

Usually wound from 0.014 “ – 0.016 “ round wire

about a 0.002 “ main arch wire.

A small incisal offset or V in the midline of the main

arch acts as reciprocating stop for auxiliary
activated by meeting the resistance of stop in the
midline of arch wire.

 It is posssible to remove one or both torque base

from lateral incisor as these teeth become
adequately torqued without reducing the force on
cental incisors.

 When maxillary incisors needs their roots to be

brought labially the lateral torque bars are
overwound so that they fall in plane 90 degree to
plane to central torque bar.
Advantages
- Torquing arms has contact with tooth over a larger
area
- Easier to engage and can be prefabricated
- Does not loose efficiency if distal torquing artm is
cut off

Disadvantages
- difficult to fabricate
- Single root torquing or reverse root torquing is
impossible
- Unilateral torquing is impossible
Kitchton Torquing Auxiliary (KITCHTON, 1967, JCO)
 Produce strong action should only
be used in conjunction with a heavy
archwire (.020 to .025 ) .

 Types
the two-tooth auxiliary(0.016”)
the four-tooth auxiliary.
Individual Torquing Auxiliary (A. J. O'MEARA JCO 1986)
 lingual root torque for individual
teeth. It is activated by extending
terminal hooks over the arch wire.
 Activation can be increased by
shortening the hooks, or by
displacing the outer arms
lingually relative to the body
of the spring.
Uprighting Torquing Auxiliary (A. J. O'MEARA JCO 1986)
 similar to a pin uprighting spring.
 provides root torque as well as
uprighting.
 spring is engaged in the bracket
above the main archwire.
 it is activated by extending the hook
over the archwire.
 also helps lock the archwire in the
bracket.
Single root torquing Auxiliary (kesling)
 Useful for any tooth except molar
 Made from 0.012” premium plus wire

buccal palatal
Universal Torquing Auxiliary (JACK PERLOW JCO 1973)
can be used
 on extraction and non-extraction cases;
 on upper and lower teeth;
 on centrals or laterals;
 for labial or lingual torque.
 on .020 round wire in a Begg technique
 on edgewise wire
 on a Hawley retainer. ( .012 wire), since a heavier
auxiliary will dislodge the retainer.
Reverse torquing aux. for controlling the roots of
canines and premolars (Tan, JCO, 1987)
 Made from.014" wire in conjunction with an .018"
or .020" main archwire,
 effective to perform an extensive labial canine
root movement to produce a canine eminence.
 For palatally impacted canines which require labial
root torque.
Buccal root torque on molars
during third stage if molar crown rolled buccally
roots need torque
0.014’ wire,
boot design,
twisted lingually & toe in
Torque Bars

New concept of torque.

Eliminates torque spurs.

Dramatically improves appearance and oral hygiene.

Formed from resilient 0.025 x 0.19 “ NiTi with 30

degree lingual torque angle which provide gentle
continuous forces during stage III.

Placed gingival to main arch wire.

Retained with hook pins or spring pins.

Main arch wire should be modified by slightly

constricting the anterior segment between cuspids

by placing a mild bite opening bend distal to cuspid

bracket.
Safety Bar
 To prevent inadvertent labiolingual torquing of
roots of lower ant. Teeth (0.196” x 0.026”
rectangular wire)
 Prevents Mesial spring pin pressure on crowns of
cuspids, laterals and centrals from causing the
roots of adj. teeth to be move lab-lin.
Conclusion
the light wire technique is considered unique among
orthodontic treatment techniques in that the success
with it depends on the employment of correct
amount of tooth moving forces throughout its three
stages.

We have a variety of tools to choose from and it is

important that we employ the right ones to achieve
the goals of structural balance , aesthetic harmony
and functional efficiency.