Transportation Services: Lecturer: Sofia Celeste Sarino

TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
Lecturer: Sofia Celeste Sarino

Selection of Transportation Mode:
• Jagdish Seth Theory
• People choose their mode of
transportation through
psychologically prioritizing five
factors:
1. Functional
2. Aesthetic/Emotional
3. Social/Organizational
4. Situational
5. Curiosity
Functional – expected performance
Ex: departure & arrival times
safety records
direct trip or stop-overs
Aesthetic/Emotional – related to
fear, social concern, style, luxury,
comfort and personal feelings.
Social/Organizational – frequent
users are stereotyped into sex,
racial origin, income, price/cost
and education.
Ex: those who often take bus trips
are perceived to be females and
retired people
Situational – refers to the convenient
location of the transportation and its
terminal facilities.
Curiosity – refers to the traveller’s
perceived need to do something new and
different.
Travel by Train
• US, Canada and Europe train
stimulated travel during 19th
and 20th century.
• Britain’ s first organized train

tour in 1841 – Thomas Cook
organized an excursion between
Leicester and Loughborough.
• 1851 -3 million Britons used the train to
see the Great Exhibition in London.
• Trains developed Las Vegas where large
hotels were located downtown near the
railroad station.
• In 1863 George M. Pullman built the
Pullman coach which has a luxury first
class sleeping and dining facility.
• After World War II railroad usage
declined due to the increasing
popularity of private automobiles
• Why travelers select the train?

1. Safety
2. Ability to look out and see interesting
sites
3. Ability to get up and walk around
4. Arriving rested and relaxed
5. Personal comfort
• Negative factors of travel by train
1. Slowness in reaching the destination
2. Lack of quality in food
• In Europe, Trans Europe Express (TEE)
provide excellent rail services between
major cities in 10 countries.
• Eurotunnel provides link between England
and the European continent and is the
single biggest unified rail network.
Euro Tunnel connecting England to other European Countries

• Japan’s shinkansen or bullet trains
travel greater than 225 km/hr in
1964.
• They provide a ride so smooth that
you can leave a cup of coffee on a
window sill and never spill a drop.
• 1939 some European countries
introduced the Eurailpass which
allowed unlimited travel for 2
months to these countries.
Japanese High Speed Bullet Train

Japanese High Speed Bullet Train

Travel by Ship
• Two major roles of water transport –
ferrying and cruising.
• Steamships began in 1840 with Sir
Samuel Cunard
• In the advent of air travel, many
passenger ships were converted into
cruise ships.
Cruise Ship
• Large Vessels – 180 pax and
more
• Small Vessels – less than 100 pax
• It is both a floating hotel and
resort because the guests are
housed, fed and entertained.
• Socialization, relaxation and
exploration of places are among
its attractions.
• US dominates the international cruise market
with 70% of total passengers and Europe next
with 17%.
• Caribbean is the largest cruise destination.
• Fly/cruise packages is a part of the promotion.
• Younger people prefer 3-7 day cruises. Older
people usually take the 7 days or more days
cruise.
Travel by Automobile
• First invented by Carl Benz from
Mannheim, Germany in 1885-
1886.
• Then came Henry Ford in 1908
who produced his model T car
with an assembly technique for
mass production.
Karl Benz and his invention 1885

Henry Ford 1921 and his Invention

• Private automobiles brought a decline in
train travel.
• It brought about an increase in the
development of automobile-oriented
facilities and services like highways,
interstates, motels and tourist attractions
along tourist routes.
• Two aspects of automobile
travel -Recreational vehicles and
Car rentals.
• RVs led to the development of
more camping grounds since
camping is popular among
Americans.
• Visitors from Europe to the US
rented RVs for cross country
trips.
Recreational Vehicle
Recreational Vehicle - Interior

• Car rental business is a world-wide
industry. Dominant companies include
Hertz, Avis, Budget and National.
• Car rentals encouraged travelers not to
take their own cars when travelling
instead they can fly to their destination
and just rent a car on arrival.
Travel by Bus/Motorcoach
• Most flexible and economical
mode of travel.
• The term bus, coach and
motorcoach are used
interchangeably.
• Two major roles of buses: to
provide a regular schedule of
transportation services and to
provide charter and tour services.
• Bus companies are targeting family
summer vacation market, young couples,
older people on summer vacation and
retired people.
• Charter bus tours is the fastest growing
segment in the bus industry.
• Most land tours are developed with bus
charters.
Travel by Air
• Cost effectiveness and time saving are
among its positive aspects.
• 1950’s and 1960’s commercial jet aircraft
were introduced increasing the speed
and comfort of travel and creating
greater seating capacity.
• Business travellers depended on it
for saving time. For the pleasure
traveller, for its affordable price
and comfort.
• The boom in air travel is
associated with factors like world
economy, rising standard of living
and the quality of air services.
Airline Regulation
• The system of international air
transportation requires negotiations
between nations and carriers in the form of
bilateral agreements.
• Landing rights, fuel purchases, maintenance

provisions and other considerations require
bilateral negotiations.
• Bermuda Agreement established the
first worldwide model for future
bilateral agreements regarding
freedoms of the air.
• The concept in the agreements
meant that airline service could not
be offered between a nation of origin
and one of destination unless there
was a specific agreement between the
nation regarding the details of the
service.
• IATA (International Air Transport
Association) was formed to ensure
cooperation among international
carriers.
• Its primary purpose is to establish an
agreement for a system of international
rates and fares, services and routes of
each airlines.
Transport Deregulation
• Deregulation is a critical factor
affecting airline operations.
• One of the major effects was the
merging of the airlines.

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TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

Lecturer: Sofia Celeste Sarino

• Britain’ s first organized train

• Why travelers select the train?

Euro Tunnel connecting England to other European Countries

Japanese High Speed Bullet Train

Japanese High Speed Bullet Train

Karl Benz and his invention 1885

Henry Ford 1921 and his Invention

Recreational Vehicle - Interior

• Landing rights, fuel purchases, maintenance

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