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    Number Systems

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    Mehwish Bilal
    The document discusses number systems and their representations. It covers positional versus non-positional number systems, with examples of decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. It also discusses converting between different number bases, including converting fractions between decimal and binary. Finally, it introduces the concepts of complements used in digital computing, specifically 1's complement and 2's complement in binary.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Number Systems

    Uploaded by

    Mehwish Bilal
    47 views25 pages
    The document discusses number systems and their representations. It covers positional versus non-positional number systems, with examples of decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. It also discusses converting between different number bases, including converting fractions between decimal and binary. Finally, it introduces the concepts of complements used in digital computing, specifically 1's complement and 2's complement in binary.

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    Computer Fundamentals

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    The document discusses number systems and their representations. It covers positional versus non-positional number systems, with examples of decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. It also discusses converting between different number bases, including converting fractions between decimal and binary. Finally, it introduces the concepts of complements used in digital computing, specifically 1's complement and 2's complement in binary.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views25 pages

    Number Systems

    Uploaded by

    Mehwish Bilal
    The document discusses number systems and their representations. It covers positional versus non-positional number systems, with examples of decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. It also discusses converting between different number bases, including converting fractions between decimal and binary. Finally, it introduces the concepts of complements used in digital computing, specifically 1's complement and 2's complement in binary.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Computing Fundamentals

    Number Systems
    Join the Group
    o [email protected]

    o For course outline, lecture plan, assignments and


    (possibly) announcements.
    Positional vs. Non-Positional Number
    Systems
    o Non-Positional Number Systems
     Symbols used to represent quantities/values
     E.g.
    • Roman numbers system
    • Egyptian number system

    o Difficult for arithmetic


    operations
    Positional vs. Non-Positional Number
    Systems
    o Positional Number Systems

     Decimal

     Binary
     Octal
     Hexadecimal
    Decimal

    5
    Binary

    6
    Binary
    o Binary TO Decimal Conversion

    7
    Binary
    o Decimal TO Binary Conversion

    8
    Octal
    o Octal to Decimal Conversion
    o Decimal to Octal Conversion
    o Octal to Binary Conversion
    o Binary to Octal Conversion

    9
    Hexadecimal
    o Hex to Decimal Conversion
    o Decimal to Hex Conversion
    o Hex to Binary Conversion
    o Binary to Hex Conversion

    10
    FRACTIONS

    11
    Conversion of Decimal fraction to
    Binary
    Example:
    Integer Fraction
    0.6875 x 2 = 1.3750 = 1 + 0.3750

    x 2 = 0.7500 = 0 + 0.7500

    x 2 = 1. 5000 = 1 + 0.5000

    x 2 = 1. 0000 = 1 + 0.0000

    0.6875 = (0.1 0 1 1) 2

    13
    Conversion of Decimal fraction to
    Binary (cont.)
    o To convert a full Decimal Number to Binary, Convert the
    integer and Fraction Part Separately:
    o Example
     Convert 3.6875 to Binary
     Step-1
    • Convert Integer Part to Binary:
    • 3 = (11)2
     Step-2
    • Convert Fraction Part to Binary:
    • 0.6875 = (0.1011)2
     Step-3
    • Combine them:
    • 3.6875 = (11.1011)2

    14
    Conversion of Binary Fraction to
    Decimal fraction
    Example:
    (0 .10 1 1) 2 = __1 + __
    0 + __ 1 + __1
    ( 2)1 (2 )2 ( 2)3 ( 2)4

    = 0.5 + 0 + 0.125 + 0.0625


    = 0.6875

    15
    Conversion of Binary fraction to
    Decimal (cont.)
    o To convert a full Binary Number to Decimal, Convert the
    integer and Fraction Part Separately:
    o Example
     Convert (11.1011)2 to Decimal
     Step-1
    • Convert Integer Part to Decimal:
    • (11)2 = 3
     Step-2
    • Convert Fraction Part to Decimal:
    • (0.1011)2 = 0.6875
     Step-3
    • Combine them:
    • (11.1011)2 = 3.6875

    16
    Homework
    o Conversion of HEX fractions into Decimal and vice
    versa

    o Conversion of Octal fractions into Decimal and


    vice versa

     Show three examples each

    17
    COMPLEMENTS

    18
    Complements
    o Used to simplify subtraction operation in digital
    computers
    o Simplifying operation  simple circuit

    o Two Types
     Radix Complement (r’s complement)
     Diminished Radix Complement ((r-1)’s complement)
     Where r = base of the number M

    19
    Diminished Radix Complement
    o Given a number N in base r having n digits, the
    diminished radix complement of the number N is
    o (rn-1) – N
    o For decimal numbers, r=10
    o (r-1)’s complement = 9’s complement
    o Example:
     9’s complement of N = 546700
     = 999999-546700 = 453299

    20
    Diminished Radix Complement (cont)

    o For binary numbers, r=2


    o (r-1)’s complement = 1’s complement
    o Example:
     1’s complement of N = 1011000
     = 1111111-1011000 = 0100111

    21
    Radix Complement
    o Given a number N in base r having n digits, the
    diminished radix complement of the number N is
    o rn – N for N≠0
    o For decimal numbers, r=10
    o r’s complement = 10’s complement
    o Example:
     10’s complement of N = 546700
     = 1000000-546700 = 453300

    22
    Radix Complement (cont)
    o For binary numbers, r=2
    o r’s complement = 2’s complement
    o Example:
     2’s complement of N = 1011000
     = 10000000-1011000 = 0101000

    23
    1’s Complement of Binary Numbers

    o The 1’s complement of a binary number is


    found by changing all 1s to 0s and all 0s to
    1s .

    1 1 1 0 1 0 0

    0 0 0 1 0 1 1

    24
    2’s Complement of Binary Numbers

    o The 2’s complement of a binary number is found


    by ADDING 1 to LSB of the 1’s complement
    o 2’s complement = (1’s complement )+ 1
    1 1 1 0 1 0 0 Binary Number

    0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1’s complement

    1 Add 1
    0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2’s complement
    25
    Subtraction with r’s complemnt
    o Example
    o X = (0101 0100)2
    o Y = (0100 0011)2
    o X- Y = ?
    X= 0101 0100
    2'S complement of Y= 1011 1101
    Sum = 1 0001 0001
    Discard end carry 28= -1 0000 0000
    Answer 0001 0001
    26

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