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    OOP Fall 2014: Constructors in C++ Week # 3 Lecture # 7

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    Gaylethunder007
    The document discusses constructors in C++. It provides examples of default constructors, parameterized constructors, copy constructors, and overloading constructors. It explains that member functions can be defined outside the class using the scope resolution operator (::). Copy constructors initialize an object using another object of the same class. They perform a member-wise copy and are important to define properly. The difference between a copy constructor and assignment operator is that a copy constructor creates a new object before copying, while an assignment operator copies into an existing object.

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    OOP Fall 2014: Constructors in C++ Week # 3 Lecture # 7

    Uploaded by

    Gaylethunder007
    31 views26 pages
    The document discusses constructors in C++. It provides examples of default constructors, parameterized constructors, copy constructors, and overloading constructors. It explains that member functions can be defined outside the class using the scope resolution operator (::). Copy constructors initialize an object using another object of the same class. They perform a member-wise copy and are important to define properly. The difference between a copy constructor and assignment operator is that a copy constructor creates a new object before copying, while an assignment operator copies into an existing object.

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    0650

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    Lec # 7 (Constructors)

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    The document discusses constructors in C++. It provides examples of default constructors, parameterized constructors, copy constructors, and overloading constructors. It explains that member functions can be defined outside the class using the scope resolution operator (::). Copy constructors initialize an object using another object of the same class. They perform a member-wise copy and are important to define properly. The difference between a copy constructor and assignment operator is that a copy constructor creates a new object before copying, while an assignment operator copies into an existing object.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views26 pages

    OOP Fall 2014: Constructors in C++ Week # 3 Lecture # 7

    Uploaded by

    Gaylethunder007
    The document discusses constructors in C++. It provides examples of default constructors, parameterized constructors, copy constructors, and overloading constructors. It explains that member functions can be defined outside the class using the scope resolution operator (::). Copy constructors initialize an object using another object of the same class. They perform a member-wise copy and are important to define properly. The difference between a copy constructor and assignment operator is that a copy constructor creates a new object before copying, while an assignment operator copies into an existing object.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Department of Computer Science & Engineering

    Air University

    OOP
    Fall 2014
    Constructors in C++
    Week # 3
    Lecture # 7

    By: Saqib Rasheed

    1
    Function's out side the class
     We can write member function out side the class

    class myclass{
    private:
    int x; int main()
    public: {
    void getdata(); myclass obj;
    }; obj.getdata();
    void myclass :: getdata() }
    {
    cout<<“ enter x = ”;
    cin>>x;
    }

    2
    class Distance { Example
    private:
    void Distance::add_dist(Distance d2, Distance d3)
    int feet;
    {
    float inches; inches = d2.inches + d3.inches;
    public: feet = 0;
    Distance() : feet(0), inches(0.0) if(inches >= 12.0)
    {} {
    inches -= 12.0;
    Distance(int ft, float in) : feet(ft), inches(in)
    feet++;
    {} }
    void getdist() { feet += d2.feet + d3.feet;
    cout << “\nEnter feet: “; cin >> feet; }
    cout << “Enter inches: “; cin >> inches;
    }
    void showdist() {
    cout << feet << “\’-” << inches << ‘\”’;
    }
    void add_dist( Distance, Distance );
    };
    3
    int main()
    {
    Distance dist1, dist3;
    Distance dist2(11, 6.25);
    dist1.getdist();
    dist3.add_dist(dist1, dist2);
    cout << “\ndist1 = “;
    dist1.showdist();
    cout << “\ndist2 = “;
    dist2.showdist();
    cout << “\ndist3 = “;
    dist3.showdist();
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
    }
    4
    Member Functions Defined Outside
    the Class

    5
    Example : Output?
    Declaring member function outside
    the class
    Scope resolution operator
     The scope operator (::) specifies the class to which the member
    being declared belongs, granting exactly the same scope properties
    as if this function definition was directly included within the class
    definition. For example, the function set_values in the previous
    example has access to the variables width and height, which are
    private members of class Rectangle, and thus only accessible from
    other members of the class, such as this.

     The only difference between defining a member function


    completely within the class definition or to just include its
    declaration in the function and define it later outside the class, is
    that in the first case the function is automatically considered
    an inline member function by the compiler, while in the second it is
    a normal (not-inline) class member function. This causes no
    differences in behavior, but only on possible compiler
    optimizations.
    Overloading Constructors
    Like any other function, a constructor can also
    be overloaded

    With different number of parameters


    Parameters of different types.
    The compiler will automatically call the one
    whose parameters match the arguments:

    9
    Example 1

    10
    Example 1…

    Two Objects of class Rectangle is constructed


    rect default constructor
    rectb is a constructor with two parameters

    The way of calling constructors by enclosing


    their arguments in parentheses, is known as
    functional form

    11
    Example 1…

     The default constructor is the constructor


    that takes no parameters
    It is special because it is called when an object
    is declared
    But not initialized with any arguments.
    Look default constructor (Previous Lecture)

    12
    Example 2

    13
    Copy constructor

    14
    What is a copy constructor?
    It is a member function which initializes an
    object using another object of the same class.
    A copy constructor has the following general
    function prototype:

    class_name (class_name&);

    15
    Defining copy constructors is very
    important

    In the absence of a copy constructor, the


    C++ compiler builds a default copy
    constructor for each class which is doing a
    member wise copy between objects.
    Default copy constructors work fine unless
    the class contains pointer data members ...

    16
    Copy Constructor
    A copy constructor is one that takes a single
    argument of the same type as the class,
    passed by reference. Such that you can copy
    member variable from another object of the
    same class.
    Syntax;
    MyClass(MyClass& src);

    17
    Example
    #include <iostream>
    #include <string>
    using namespace std;
    class MyClass {
    private:
    string myName;
    string myNote;

    18
    Example (cont’d)
    public:
    MyClass() {
    myName = "";
    myNote = "";
    }
    MyClass(string name, string note) {
    myName = name;
    myNote = note;
    }
    19
    Example (cont’d)
    //Copy Constructor
    MyClass(MyClass& src)
    {
    Copy
    myName = src.myName; Constructor
    myNote = src.myNote; Code
    cout<<"Copy Constructor"<<endl;
    }
    void showData()
    {
    cout<<"Name = "<<myName<<endl;
    cout<<"Note = "<<myNote<<endl;
    }
    };

    20
    Example (cont’d)
    void main() {
    MyClass obj1("Talal","Air University");
    MyClass obj2(obj1);
    obj1.showData();
    Passing object
    obj2.showData(); “obj1” as
    Argument to Copy
    } Constructor

    21
    Example (cont’d)
     Output:

    22
    Difference between Copy Constructor
    & Assignment Operator
    The difference between the assignment operator
    and the copy constructor is that

    The copy constructor actually creates a new


    object before copying data from another object
    into it.

    Whereas, the assignment operator copies data


    into an already existing object.

    23
    Example 2

    24
    Assignment
     Define a class ‘date’ with data members year, month and day with
    member functions SetDate and GetDate for input and output
    respectively of class objects.
     Define a default constructor as well as a user defined constructor,
    default constructor will not set any values of objects, whereas user
    defined constructor will take three arguments and will set values of
    day, month and year.
     Declare two objects, set the values of day, month and year either
    through constructor or using setdata function and then compare
    these two dates in a member function ‘compare’ then display the
    difference of two dates in days in main function.
     Data members should be declared as private and member functions
    will be public, divide

    25
    Assignments..
    Due Date 23-09-14 (Next Class)
    Hard Copies (Print)
    Late assignment will not be accepted
    Copy assignment will be marked zero (both)
    Do your own work.

    26

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