Quezada Final Project

Keila Quezada
SOC 3365
EDUCATIONAL
Spring 2019 STRATIFICATION
DEFINITION
 Educational Stratification is the

unequal access to education based
on class, power, and prestige leading
to a difference in educational
achievement.
 Residential educational
stratification: People live in
neighborhoods they can afford,
with public schools reflecting the
wealth of its occupants. Leading to
the quality of resources to reflect
the funding the school has. This
shows the inequality between
higher class and lower class families.
• An unequal access education leads to a difference in
quality of life.
• Because the most affected are people of color, they
lead a disadvantaged life.
WHY IS IT • People of color are not given the same opportunies
A PROBLEM in education which means they are not given the
same opportunities in life.
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Social stratification, classroom climate and the behavioral adaptation of kindergarten children.
• Socioeconomic status affects the social position of a person, as well as behavior. 338 5 year old
students in California were observed for this study. It was found that family socioeconomic status
has a relation with the social position and behaviors in a student, especially in girls.
• SES has an effect on children’s behavior and the way they approach their learning.
• Segregation revisited: The racial education landscape of Charlotte Mecklenburg schools.
• Desegregation was achieved in theory after the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case.
It has been found, though school demographic records that over 40% of black students still attend
schools with a majority-black population, as of 2011.
• Majority black populations in schools tend to mean less resources due to a lack of funding.
• Education and racial-ethnic differences in types of exercise in the United States.
• Society has placed race and education importance to exercise. A 1998 national Health Interview
Survey was used to find how often individuals of different races participate in certain exercise
behaviors. The position one has based on their education level and race affects the exercise
behaviors they exhibit, leading to differences in lifestyles.
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Stratified Failure: Educational Stratification and Students’ Attributions of Their Mathematics

Performance in 24 Countries
• Educational resources is impacting the way students view their achievements. 128,100 students
from 7,627 schools from 24 countries received questionnaires after they took a PISA mathematics
test which focused on how they blamed failure, internal or external. Students from resource
lacking schools are more likely to internalize failure.
• Internalized failure is an example of self-fulfilling prophecy, which is something many students of
color do, due to teachers expectations.
• Educational stratification in cultural participation: Cognitive competence or status motivation?
• Participation in the arts is stratified based on education. International Adult Literacy Survey
findings were used to determine education levels while other surveys were conducted to find the
frequency of participation in the arts, the surveys were from 18 countries and adults over 26 years
of age. Education stratification leads to stratification in culture and arts.
LITERATURE REVIEW
• The political foundations of the black white achievement gap.

• Politics has a huge influence in the achievement of African American students, and the gap with
white students. Using high school graduation rates from all the states as well as surveys completed
by white people, it is found that they do not think much on the education of African Americans,
focusing rather on their own. White citizens do not think that an education gap is due to unequal
educational resources.
• Combating the achievement gap is not seen as an issue for many due to the fact that in a white-
dominated government, they are not affected by the issue; meaning that funding will continue to
be locally sourced.
• The black-white ”achievement gap” as a perennial challenge of urban science education: A
sociocultural and historical overview with implications for research and practice.
• Because achievement gaps between different races has been closed before, there is no reason for
the one that currently exists now between black and white students should not be diminished as
well. Finding ways to balance the inequalities outside of school can help to promote learning and
eventually close the achievement gap.
• When poverty does not have an affect on learning, one can apply themselves to their academics.
LOCAL POLICY
• KIPP Houston Wellness Policy: Smart Snacks

• Allows for all children to have a snack at the end of the day for
going home.
• I went to a KIPP middle and high school. They explained to
us that the purpose of the snacks was to ensure everyone
had at least 2.5 meals a day. Because the school population
was mostly of lower SES status, not everyone had food at
home to eat. This meant that some students could not
concentrate in class due to hunger.
• Providing snacks for children allows for them to not be
hungry, for them to be attentive in their classes and learn.
HOUSTON WELLNESS POLICY
Implementing a wellness policy

requirement for all schools Studies have shown how
ensures that schools are not physical health directly affects
only focused on academics, but academic achievement.
also on health.
Funding has allowed for

When students in schools are
children to have access to
hungry they do not do as well
meals to ensure they are
in their academics.
focused on learning.
EDUCATION CODE
TITLE 2. PUBLIC EDUCATION
SUBTITLE C. LOCAL ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNANCE
CHAPTER 13. CREATION, CONSOLIDATION, AND
ABOLITION OF A DISTRICT
SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
STATE POLICY
• School district zoning maps decide where children go to
school.
• Children of the same neighborhoods go to the same
schools.
SCHOOL ZONING MAPS
School funding mostly come from When neighborhoods are poor, Funding leads to resources, those Zoning maps ensure that children
local funding, property taxes paid in local funding is often not enough to resources are then used to help from higher SES familes go to
neighborhoods is what is used to provide a quality education. students learn and achieve success. schools that are funding by those
provide resources. taxes, ensuring that they have more
resources and a higher quality
education.
FEDERAL POLICY
• Every Student Succeeds Act (2015)

• Signed into law by President Obama in 2015,
this law provides federal funding to help low
income students and initiation educational
programs.
• “States must assess all students, including by
offering appropriate accommodations for
English learners and children with disabilities,
and, to the extent practicable, must develop
assessments using the principles of universal
design for learning, which intentionally
reduce barriers and improve flexibility in how
students receive information or demonstrate
knowledge,” (US Department of Education).
EVERY STUDENT SUCCEEDS ACT
The federal government has seen how schools in different neighborhoods have unequal funding and the way
that is affecting the quality of education between students.
It has come up with a way to, not only address that, but also alleviate some of the financial struggle.
Federal funding means that there will be a greater access to resources, meaning students will be able to seek
out greater challenges.
In my high school experience, as a freshman and sophomore there were no options for AP classes. When
there was an increase in funding there were multiple options for AP classes in my junior and senior years.
THEORY DEFINITION
• Conflict theory: a tension in society created by the competing interests of

groups in society (Ballantine, Spade and Stuber, 2018).
• Inequality is based on one’s position in the social system
• Teacher expectations based on characteristics of children, such as race and social
class background, shape students’ learning experiences and affect their achievements
• Chosen because everyone in society wants to succeed, however, not everyone
is afforded the same opportunity to do so.
THEORY APPLICATION
• This leads to the self-fulfilling

prophecy
• Children believe the expectations
and biases that others have and act
in accordance to them
• “Teacher thinks I am not smart, so
why bother?”
GRAPH 1
• In every single year, there is a

gap difference in schools
between Hispanic and white
students.
• There is a difference, even if
just by a few points, in what
students are achieving, based
off race.
• White students are achieving
higher schools in both shown
grade levels, each year.
GRAPH 2
• This study shown how

teachers have more low
expectations for black
students, especially when
compared to white students.
• It also is showing how
requests for help are being
ignored and how that is
leading to resistance from
the students.
GRAPH 3
• In every section of
achievement, from lowest to
exemplary, the racial gaps
stay relatively the same.
• White and Asian students
are achieving higher
performances than black
and Hispanic students, in
every single section.
WHAT
EDUCATIONAL
STRATIFICATI
ON LOOKS
LIKE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Adams, Tempestt, Farinde, Abiola A., and Lewis, Chance W. 2014. Segregation Revisited:The
racial education landscape of Charlotte Mecklenburg schools. Western Journal of Black Studies
• Ault, Charles R. Jr., Bentz, Bonnie, Meskimen, Lloyd, & Norman, Obed. 2001.The black-white
”achievement gap” as a perennial challenge of urban science education: A sociocultural and
historical overview with implications for research and practice. Journal of Research in Science
Teaching 28(10).
• Ballantine, Jeanne H., Spade, Joan Z., & Stuber, Jenny M. 2018. Schools and Society: A Sociological
Approach to Education. 6th Edition. SAGE Publications INC. Los Angeles, California.
• Bazzaz, Dahlia. 2017. School stats: Racial achievement gaps exist even in Washington’s highest
preforming schools. The Seattle Times. Retrieved from https://www.seattletimes.com/education-
lab/school-stats-racial-achievement-gaps-exist-even-in-states-highest-performing-schools/
• Boyce, W. Thomas, Obradović, Jelena, Bush, Nicole R., Stamperdahl, Juliet, Shin Kim,Young, and
Adler, Nancy. 2012. Social stratification, classroom climate, and the behavioral adaptation of
kindergarten children. National Academy of Sciences 109(2)
• Flavin, Patrick and Hartney, Michael T. 2013. The political foundations of the black-white
education achievement gap. American Politics Research, 42(1).
MORE REFERENCES
• Flavin, Patrick and Hartney, Michael T. 2013. The political foundations of the black-white education achievement gap.
American Politics Research, 42(1).
• Ganzeboom, Harry B., Lancee, Bram, Notten, Natascha, and van de Werfhorst, Herman G. 2015. Educational
stratification in cultural participation: Cognitive competence or status motivation? Journal of Cultural Economics 39(2).
• KIPP: Houston Public Schools Local Wellness Policy. Retrieved from
https://kipphouston.org/sites/default/files/updated%20wellness%20policy_FINAL_11.2015.pdf
• Krueger, Patrick M., Saint Onge, Jarron M. 2011. Education and racial-ethnic differences in types of exercise in the
United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52(2).
• Mijs, Jonathan J. B. 2016. Stratified failure: Educational stratification and students; attributions of their mathematics
performance in 24 countries. Sociology of Education 89(2).
• Texas Education Code Title II. Retrieved from https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.13.htm#13.010
• U.S. Department of Education. Every Student Succeeds Act. Retrieved from https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=policy
• Verdugo, Richard. 2006. A report on the status of Hispanics in education: Overcoming a history of neglect. National
Education Association. Retrieved from http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/HE/mf_hispaniced.pdf
APPENDIX A
• My name is Keila Quezada. I am a senior set to

graduate in Fall 2019, this December. I am a Human
Development and Family Studies major, with a minor
in Sociology. I am an intern at the Children’s
Museum of Houston, working primarily with
Houston Basics and Welcome Baby.

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Keila Quezada

 Educational Stratification is the

• Stratified Failure: Educational Stratification and Students’ Attributions of Their Mathematics

• The political foundations of the black white achievement gap.

• KIPP Houston Wellness Policy: Smart Snacks

Implementing a wellness policy

Funding has allowed for

• Every Student Succeeds Act (2015)

• Conflict theory: a tension in society created by the competing interests of

• This leads to the self-fulfilling

• In every single year, there is a

• This study shown how

• My name is Keila Quezada. I am a senior set to

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