Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 219 views

    Lesson 4 Probability

    Uploaded by

    Ross Christian Corpuz Manuel
    This document introduces probability and discusses its history. It describes three approaches to probability - theoretical, subjective, and empirical. Examples are provided to illustrate each approach, including Buffon's coin problem which examines the probability of a coin landing within the tiles of a grid using geometric considerations. Empirical and theoretical probabilities are distinguished, with empirical determined through repeated experiments and theoretical through analytical methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lesson 4 Probability

    Uploaded by

    Ross Christian Corpuz Manuel
    219 views15 pages
    This document introduces probability and discusses its history. It describes three approaches to probability - theoretical, subjective, and empirical. Examples are provided to illustrate each approach, including Buffon's coin problem which examines the probability of a coin landing within the tiles of a grid using geometric considerations. Empirical and theoretical probabilities are distinguished, with empirical determined through repeated experiments and theoretical through analytical methods.

    Original Description:

    Statistics and Probability

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document introduces probability and discusses its history. It describes three approaches to probability - theoretical, subjective, and empirical. Examples are provided to illustrate each approach, including Buffon's coin problem which examines the probability of a coin landing within the tiles of a grid using geometric considerations. Empirical and theoretical probabilities are distinguished, with empirical determined through repeated experiments and theoretical through analytical methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    219 views15 pages

    Lesson 4 Probability

    Uploaded by

    Ross Christian Corpuz Manuel
    This document introduces probability and discusses its history. It describes three approaches to probability - theoretical, subjective, and empirical. Examples are provided to illustrate each approach, including Buffon's coin problem which examines the probability of a coin landing within the tiles of a grid using geometric considerations. Empirical and theoretical probabilities are distinguished, with empirical determined through repeated experiments and theoretical through analytical methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Statistics and

    Probability

    Lesson 4
    Intro. to Probability
    Probability
     The chance that something will happen.
     As a number, probability is from 0 (impossible) to 1
    (certain).
    History
     A short history of probability.pdf
    Three approaches to Probability
    1. Theoretical Probability
    - symmetry or equal-likely outcomes

    Example:
    fair coin, fair dice being tossed so outcomes are
    equally likely
    2. Subjective Probability
     personal assessment of the situation
     based on person’s belief that an event will occur

    Example:
     when a student tells his friend that he has 50 percent
    chance of passing the quiz
     the probability that a student can swim around the
    world in 24 hours is zero
    3. Empirical Probability
     “experimental probability”
     collecting data from repeated trials or experiences, and
    getting the proportion of times an event occurs
    Example:
     observing 10 patients, noticing that 6 of them responded to a
    medicine within one hour of the treatment, and thus, stating
    that the probability of response within an hour of receiving the
    treatment is 60 percent
    Georges-Louis
    Leclerc de Buffon (1707 – 1788)
    was a French mathematician and naturalist. His ‘coin
    problem’ is an early exercise in geometric probability, a
    field in which probabilities are concerned with
    proportions of areas (lengths or volumes) of geometric
    objects under specified conditions.
    “What is the probability that a coin, tossed randomly
    at a grid, will land entirely within a tile rather than
    beyond the tile boundaries?
    Geometrical Probabilities

    What is the probability of


    hitting the bull’s eye when a
    dart is thrown randomly at a
    target, given the target has a
    diameter of 24 cm, and the
    bull’s eye has a diameter of
    10 cm?
    Geometrical Probabilities
     Geometric probabilities can be estimated using
    empirical approaches, or identified exactly using
    analytical methods (theoretical probability).
    Empirical Probability
     An empirical probability is the proportion of times that an event of
    interest occurs in a set number of repetitions of an experiment.

    Example: Throw 100 darts at


    the target.
    15 darts hit the bull’s eye.
    The empirical probability of
    hitting the bull’s eye is 15/100
    = 3/20.
    Theoretical Probability
    Geometrical Probabilities

     What is the probability


    that a four-colored
    spinner, with a diameter
    of 20 cm, will land on
    red?
    Empirical Probability

    Spin the spinner 50 times.


    Spinner lands on red 12
    times.
    Empirical probability =
    12/50 = 6/25.
    Theoretical Probability
    Activity
     Investigation on Empirical Probability: Buffon’s
    Coin Problem
     Investigation on Geometric Probability

    You might also like