Liquid Cargo Ships: Prof. Crescencio Marotta

REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL MARÍTIMA DEL CARIBE

VICERRECTORADO ACADÉMICO
COORDINACIÓN DE IDIOMAS
MARITIME ENGLISH
LIQUID CARGO SHIPS
Prof. Crescencio Marotta

Tanker ships are ships designed to transport liquids in
TANKER SHIPS: bulk. These tanker ships include the oil tankers,
chemical tankers, liquefied natural gas carriers and
liquefied petroleum gas carriers.
Oil tankers are also known as petroleum tankers. These
ships are designed for the transport of oil in bulk . There
are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and
OIL TANKERS: the product tanker. Crude tankers transport large
quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of
extraction to refineries. Product tankers are generally
much smaller, they transport petrochemicals from
refineries to consuming markets.
OIL TANKERS CLASSIFICATION
According to their size, as well as their purpose, oil tankers are classified as follows :
Product Tankers:
They are ships designed to

transport refined products
such as gasoline, gasoil etc.
They have a capacity that
ranges from 10.000 to 24.999
metric tons of dead weight
tonnage. (D.W.T).
They are tanker ships designed to transport unrefined
PANAMAX: crude oil. They have a capacity that ranges from 25.000
to 44.999 metric tons of dead weight tonnage.
These tanker ships are designed to transport crude oil.
AFRAMAX: Their capacity ranges from 45.000 to 79.999 metric tons of
dead weight tonnage.
They are tanker ships designed to transport unrefined crude
 SUEZMAX: oil. Their capacity vary from 80.000 to 159.999 metric tons
of dead weight tonnage, originally the maximum capacity of
the Suez canal.
Very Large Crude Carrier
They are tanker ships designed to transport large quantities of unrefined
crude oil. They have a capacity that ranges from 160.000 to 319.999 metric
tons of dead weight tonnage.
Ultra Large Crude Carrier
These tanker ships were considered the giants of the sea. They have a capacity
that ranges from 320.000 to 550.000 metric tons of dead weight tonnage.
Chemical tankers
A Chemical tanker is a type of ship designed to transport chemicals in bulk.
Ocean-going chemical tankers. generally range from 5,000 metric tons to
40,000 d.w.t in size, which is smaller than the average size of other tanker
ships due to the specialised nature of their cargoes.
Chemical tankers normally have a series of separate cargo tanks which are
either coated with specialised coatings such as phenolic epoxy or zinc
paint, or made from stainless steel. The coating or cargo tank material
determines what types of cargo a particular tank can carry: stainless steel
tanks are required for aggressive acid cargoes such as sulfuric and
phosphoric acid, while less dangerous cargoes - e.g. vegetable oil - can be
carried in epoxy coated tanks.
Many modern chemical tankers are doubled hull and have one tank for each pump
with separate piping, which means that each tank can load a separate cargo
without any mixing. Tank cleaning after discharging cargo is a very important
aspect of chemical tanker operations, because tanks which are not properly
cleaned can affect the purity of the next cargo loaded. Before tanks are cleaned,
they must be properly ventilated to free them of potentially explosive gases.
Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier
Liquefied Natural Gas carriers are specialized vessels that are used to
transport Liquefied Natural Gas under controlled temperature and pressure.
L.N.G carriers are also known as methane tankers.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Carrier
Liquefied petroleum gas carriers are ships designed to mainly transport liquefied
gases such as butane, propane, propylene, etc.
L.P.G carriers transport all gases in liquid form, because their physical and chemical
properties do not allow them to be carried in vapour form. They are carried in two
manners:
By keeping their pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure.
By keeping their temperatures below the ambient temperature.
Thanks for your attention.

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REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL MARÍTIMA DEL CARIBE

LIQUID CARGO SHIPS

Prof. Crescencio Marotta

They are ships designed to

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