RADIATION HAZARD

HSE PROTECTION

Ananta Riezky B - 1506788742

Aryo Wicaksono - 1606864885
Dinda Clarissa - 1606864866
Ichsan Perkasa - 1606864872
Syabika Muhammad
Ionizing Radiation
A type of energy released by atoms that travels
in the form of electromagnetic waves (gamma
or X-rays) or particles (neutrons, beta or alpha).

Forms of electromagnetic radiation. These

differs only in frequency and wave length.

● Heat waves
● Radiowaves
● Infrared light
● Visible light
● Ultraviolet light
● X rays
● Gamma rays
 Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared
Radio waves have the longest Microwaves fall in the range of Infrared is in the range of the EM
wavelengths of all the the EM spectrum between radio spectrum between microwaves
electromagnetic waves. They and IR. They have frequencies and visible light. IR has
range from around a foot long to from about 3 GHz up to about 30 frequencies from about 30 THz
several miles long. Radio waves trillion hertz, or 30 terahertz up to about 400 THz and
are often used to transmit data (THz), and wavelengths of about wavelengths of about 100 μm
and have been used for all sorts 10 mm (0.4 inches) to 100 (0.004 inches) to 740 nanometers
of applications including radio, micrometers (μm), or 0.004 (nm), or 0.00003 inches. IR light
satellites, radar, and computer inches. Microwaves are used for is invisible to human eyes, but we
networks. high-bandwidth communications, can feel it as heat if the intensity
radar and as a heat source for is sufficient.
microwave ovens and industrial
applications.
 Visible light Ultraviolet X-rays
Visible light is found in the middle Ultraviolet light is in the range of X-rays are roughly classified into
of the EM spectrum, between IR the EM spectrum between visible two types: soft X-rays and hard
and UV. It has frequencies of light and X-rays. It has X-rays. Soft X-rays comprise the
about 400 THz to 800 THz and frequencies of about 8 × 1014 to 3 range of the EM spectrum
wavelengths of about 740 nm × 1016 Hz and wavelengths of between UV and gamma rays.
(0.00003 inches) to 380 nm about 380 nm (.000015 inches) to Hard X-rays occupy the same
(.000015 inches). More generally, about 10 nm (0.0000004 inches). region of the EM spectrum as
visible light is defined as the UV light is a component of gamma rays. The only difference
wavelengths that are visible to sunlight; however, it is invisible to between them is their source: X-
most human eyes. the human eye. It has numerous rays are produced by
medical and industrial accelerating electrons, while
applications, but it can damage gamma rays are produced by
living tissue. atomic nuclei.
 Electromagnetic Spectrum
Chart

Gamma Ray
Gamma-rays are in the range of
the spectrum above soft X-rays.
Gamma radiation causes
damage to living tissue, which
makes it useful for killing cancer
cells when applied in carefully
measured doses to small regions.
Uncontrolled exposure, though, is
extremely dangerous to humans.
Non-ionizing Radiation
→ a series of energy waves Includes :
composed of oscillating electric and
1. The spectrum of ultraviolet
magnetic fields traveling at the (UV)
speed of light. 2. Visible light, infrared (IR)
3. Microwave (MW)
Non-ionizing Radiation can cause a 4. Radio frequency (RF)
considerable health risk to 5. Extremely low frequency (ELF)
potentially exposed workers if not
properly controlled.
Non-ionizing Radiation
1. Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) radiation at 60 HZ is produced by power
lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment.
2. Microwave radiation (MW) is absorbed near the skin, while Radiofrequency
(RF) radiation may be absorbed throughout the body. Both can damage tissue
through heating.
3. Infrared Radiation (IR) will be absorbed by skin and eyes as a heat.
4. Visible Light Radiation → Excessive visible radiation can damage the eyes
and skin.
5. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) has a high photon energy range and is particularly
hazardous because there are usually no immediate symptoms of excessive
exposure.
6. Lasers typically emit optical (UV, visible light, IR) radiations and are primarily
an eye and skin hazard.
 Radiation Units and Terminology

Millirem
Rad or radiation absorbed dose One thousandth of a rem, the unit for
The amount of radiant energy absorbed in measuring equivalent dose.
a certain amount of tissue.
Roentgen (R, r) (rent-gen, rent-chen)
Gray (Gy) The international unit of exposure dose
A unit of absorbed radiation equal to the for x-rays or gamma rays. Roentgens
dose of one joule of energy absorbed per are named after Professor Wilhelm
kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is Konrad Roentgen, the man who
named for the British physician L. Harold discovered x-rays in 1895.
Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use
of radiation in the treatment of cancer. Sievert (Sv) (see-vert)
The unit for measuring ionizing radiation
Milligray (mGy) effective dose, which accounts for
A unit of absorbed radiation equal to one relative sensitivities of different tissues
thousandth of a gray, or 0.1 rad. and organs exposed to radiation. The
radiation quantity measured by the
Rem or roentgen-equivalent-man
sievert is called effective dose.
A unit of measurement that takes into
account different biological responses to Millisievert (mSv) (mill-i-see-vert)
different kinds of radiation. The radiation One thousandth of a sievert, the unit for
quantity measured by the rem is called measuring effective dose.
equivalent dose.
Health and Risk
due to Radiation
 Health and Risk due to Radiation on Human Body

(1) Hair
5) Heart
The losing of hair quickly and in clumps occurs
Intense exposure to radioactive material at 1,000 to
with radiation exposure at 200 rems or higher.
5,000 rems would do immediate damage to small
blood vessels and probably cause heart failure and
(2) Brain death directly
Kills nerve cells and small blood vessels, and can
cause seizures and immediate, if exposed to greater
(6) Gastrointestinal Tract
than 5000 rems
Radiation damage to the intestinal tract lining will
cause nausea, bloody vomiting and diarrhea,
(3) Thyroid
radiation will begin to destroy the cells in the body
In sufficient amounts, radioactive iodine can destroy all
that divide rapidly.
or part of the thyroid. By taking potassium iodide, one
can reduce the effects of exposure.
(7) Reproductive Tract
Because reproductive tract cells divide rapidly,
(4) Blood System
these areas of the body can be damaged at rem
Mild radiation sickness. Early symptoms of radiation
levels as low as 200. Long-term, some radiation
sickness mimic those of flu and may go unnoticed
sickness victims will become sterile.
unless a blood count is done.
Radiation Hazard

DNA Fragmentation Hazards on Biological Systems Fire hazards

A Swedish study at the University of Dielectric heating can cause burns if a High intensity electromagnetic
Basel in 2009 established that person stands near an antenna when radiation can also create sparks if an
exposure to an electromagnetic field a transmitter is being operated. The induced voltage is higher than the
of 50 Hz was sufficient to intensity of dielectric heating varies surrounding medium’s breakdown
significantly increase the degree of with changes in frequency of this voltage. Inflammable substances are
DNA fragmentation seen in human electromagnetic energy and the then at risk of catching fire on contact
cells heating effect is measured using a with a spark, potentially causing an
unit called the specific absorption rate explosion to occur. This type of
(SAR). hazard is referred to as HERO or
Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation
Protection
Methods
Protection from Radiation
In Case of Radiation Emergencies
● This action is called "sheltering in place."
● Get to the middle of the building or a
basement, away from doors and windows.
● Bring pets inside.

● Close windows and doors.

● Take a shower or wipe exposed parts of your
body with a damp cloth.
● Drink bottled water and eat food in sealed
containers

● Get the latest information from radio,

television, the Internet, mobile devices, etc.
● Emergency officials will provide information
on where to go to get screened for
contamination.