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    Roduction of Sugar: Tamkanat Saad Redha Khalid Uswa Zahid Kaneez Fizza

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    Mudassir Mehmood yousaf
    Sugar is obtained largely from sugarcane and sugar beet plants. In Pakistan, sugarcane is harvested manually or mechanically, transported, and stored before undergoing processing. Sugarcane is crushed to extract juice, which is then clarified, filtered, evaporated to concentrate it, and crystallized to form raw sugar. Raw sugar is further refined by affination, melting, and purification to remove impurities and color, producing refined white sugar. Byproducts like bagasse are used to fuel the processing by generating steam or electricity.

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    Roduction of Sugar: Tamkanat Saad Redha Khalid Uswa Zahid Kaneez Fizza

    Uploaded by

    Mudassir Mehmood yousaf
    84 views35 pages
    Sugar is obtained largely from sugarcane and sugar beet plants. In Pakistan, sugarcane is harvested manually or mechanically, transported, and stored before undergoing processing. Sugarcane is crushed to extract juice, which is then clarified, filtered, evaporated to concentrate it, and crystallized to form raw sugar. Raw sugar is further refined by affination, melting, and purification to remove impurities and color, producing refined white sugar. Byproducts like bagasse are used to fuel the processing by generating steam or electricity.

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    Production-of-sugar.pptx

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    Sugar is obtained largely from sugarcane and sugar beet plants. In Pakistan, sugarcane is harvested manually or mechanically, transported, and stored before undergoing processing. Sugarcane is crushed to extract juice, which is then clarified, filtered, evaporated to concentrate it, and crystallized to form raw sugar. Raw sugar is further refined by affination, melting, and purification to remove impurities and color, producing refined white sugar. Byproducts like bagasse are used to fuel the processing by generating steam or electricity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    84 views35 pages

    Roduction of Sugar: Tamkanat Saad Redha Khalid Uswa Zahid Kaneez Fizza

    Uploaded by

    Mudassir Mehmood yousaf
    Sugar is obtained largely from sugarcane and sugar beet plants. In Pakistan, sugarcane is harvested manually or mechanically, transported, and stored before undergoing processing. Sugarcane is crushed to extract juice, which is then clarified, filtered, evaporated to concentrate it, and crystallized to form raw sugar. Raw sugar is further refined by affination, melting, and purification to remove impurities and color, producing refined white sugar. Byproducts like bagasse are used to fuel the processing by generating steam or electricity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    PRODUCTION OF SUGAR

    Tamkanat saad
    Redha Khalid
    Uswa Zahid
    Kaneez Fizza
    Introduction
    sugar
    General term indication sweet
    carbohydrates

    Mono, di and poly-saccharides

    Obtained from plants largely


    sugarcane and sugar beet plant

    Pakistan 12th largest producer of sugar

    More than 81 sugar mills in Pakistan


    Manufacturing process
    HARVESTING OF SUGARCANE
     Manual  Mechanical
    Transport and handling

    •Animal driven carts


    •Trolleys
    •Trucks
    Material handling and storage

    •Stored in cane yards

    •Carried from cane yard to feeding area by

    Hook chain

    Cranes

    Reeling's

    Conveyer belt

    Huge section truck


    Washing
    Cutting of canes

    To aid the cane crushing


    Cane knives to cut cane into small pieces
    shredding

    •To remove leaves and nodes


    •Hammer mil shredder
    crushing

    Cane crushed to break hard


    structure

    Cells containing juice are No juice


    ruptured extracted

    Increase Subjected to
    efficiency of crusher with
    juice extraction corrugated
    Milling tandems

    •Three roller mills connected


    in series
    -Top roller
    -Feed roller
    -Discharge roller

    •5-7 in number
    •Extract the juice from
    crushed cane
    Products of mills
    Use of Bagasse

    Generating
    Stored in electricity
    bagasse
    storage Steam
    used for
    Evaporation
    Used as fuel of juice
    to generate before
    steam crystallizatio
    n
    Clarification or defecation
    •To remove non sugar and impurities

    -Liming
    -Sulphitation
    -Phosphatation
    -carbonation
    Filtration

    •Mud from clarifier still contain some residual juice


    •Filtered to extract residual juice in rotary vacuum filters
    Evaporation

    Juice evaporated to obtain super saturated solution


    Increase concentration of juice from 15 brix to 65 brix
    juice preheated to around 107-110 c
    Two types of evaporation

    Multiple
    Single effect
    effect
    evaporator
    evaporator
    continue

    •Steam used to evaporate juice


    •I liter steam to evaporate 4 liter juice
    •Steam temperature 113-130
    •Each subsequent vessel with decreasing pressure
    crystallization

    Process takes place in


    vacuum pan which
    boils the juice at lower
    temperatures under
    vacuum
    crystallization

    Carried out in single effect high vacuum boiling pans


    Brix are increased from 65 to 75 C by boiling at 60C

    Three stages of crystallization

    Nucleation Initiation Elongation

    Transferred to crystallizer at low temperature


    centrifugation
    •Separate sugar from molasses
    •Centrifuge operate at 100 to 1800 rpm
    •Molasses pass through perforations
    •Sugar crystals are washed with 85C water
    •Raw sugar and molasses
    centrifuging

    Centrifuging removes the liquid that


    surrounds the crystals after crystallization

    continues Batch

    simpler, easier to
    result in the extraction
    operate and have
    of a higher quality
    lower maintenance
    sugar crystal
    costs
    Drying and packaging

    packaging

    sorting

    Sugar tumbled
    through large
    and cylindrical
    dryers
    Refining
    Affination
    •Mixture of raw sugar with high purity syrup 85%
    called magma
    •Melt outer moat layer of raw sugar crystal at 50c
    •Centrifugation to remove resulting syrup from
    melting of the outer layer

    •The process contains two steps


    Melting and purification

    Affinated sugar dissolved with hot condensate to conc. of


    72 brix
    Melted at 85c in batch or continuous melter

    Re-melt may contain some impurities and colorants


    Liming
    Partial or complete
    Carbonization
    Colorants remove by decolonization
    Drying and storage

    The basic principle to meet


    behind the drying customer
    process is to pass dry
    warm air though a
    specifications
    loosely packed or
    falling layer of raw
    sugar to
    prevent sucrose lose
    as a result of
    microbiological or
    chemical degradation
    packaging
    Raw and refined sugar

    Refined
    Raw sugar
    sugar

    Obtained directly from sugar Have white luster and


    cane juice without refining transparent

    Most natural sugar Bleached

    Brown in color due to To remove color and


    molasses other impurities
    Thank you

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