Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 142 views

    Nystagmus

    Uploaded by

    Jefferson Caesario
    Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. It can be jerk-like or pendular. The slow phase initiates the movement and the fast phase corrects it. It can have various causes like problems in the vestibular system, brainstem, cerebellum or cerebral centers. Doctors evaluate for symptoms, examine eye movements and determine type, direction, and triggers to identify the underlying cause. There are many types including congenital, pendular, vestibular, and gaze-evoked forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Nystagmus

    Uploaded by

    Jefferson Caesario
    142 views14 pages
    Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. It can be jerk-like or pendular. The slow phase initiates the movement and the fast phase corrects it. It can have various causes like problems in the vestibular system, brainstem, cerebellum or cerebral centers. Doctors evaluate for symptoms, examine eye movements and determine type, direction, and triggers to identify the underlying cause. There are many types including congenital, pendular, vestibular, and gaze-evoked forms.

    Original Title

    200576016-Nystagmus.ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. It can be jerk-like or pendular. The slow phase initiates the movement and the fast phase corrects it. It can have various causes like problems in the vestibular system, brainstem, cerebellum or cerebral centers. Doctors evaluate for symptoms, examine eye movements and determine type, direction, and triggers to identify the underlying cause. There are many types including congenital, pendular, vestibular, and gaze-evoked forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    142 views14 pages

    Nystagmus

    Uploaded by

    Jefferson Caesario
    Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. It can be jerk-like or pendular. The slow phase initiates the movement and the fast phase corrects it. It can have various causes like problems in the vestibular system, brainstem, cerebellum or cerebral centers. Doctors evaluate for symptoms, examine eye movements and determine type, direction, and triggers to identify the underlying cause. There are many types including congenital, pendular, vestibular, and gaze-evoked forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Nystagmus

    Professor Dr.
    Ayman Youssef Ezeddin Eassa
    Definition
    It is :
    • Involuntary

    • Biphasic Ocular oscillation

    • Rhythmic
    in which one or both phases are slow.
    Pursuit Saccade
    → slow => Fast
    Linear

    Decrease Jerk
    velocity nystagmus
    Increase velocity

    Pendular sinousoidal
    The slow phase of jerk nystagmus is responsible
    for the initiation and generation of the
    nystagmus. The fast (saccade) phase is
    corrective movement bring the fovea back on
    target.
    Nystagmus

    Pendular
    Jerk

    Horizontal Vertical Vertical


    Horizontal

    Decreasing Increasing
    Linear
    velocity velocity
    Mechanism of nystagmus
    Dysfunction of:
    • Vestibular end organ
    • Vestibular nerve
    • Brain stem
    • Cerebellum
    • Cerebral centers
    Pendular nystagmus is central in origin
    • Brain stem
    • cerebellum
    Jerk: is
    • Central
    – Decreasing velocity (leaky)
    Brain Stem
    – Increase velocity (usual form) in CN
    • Peripheral
    Constant linear phase = peripheral vestibular
    dysfunction
    imbalance in vestibular input →to brain stem
    gaze centers
    Clinical evaluation
    • Since birth or acquired
    CN usually asymptomatic
    • Symptoms:
    – Headache
    – Diplopia
    – Impaired vision
    – Oscillopsia ‫تأرجح المنظر أو الرؤية‬
    – Vertigo associated
    – Other neurological abnormalities
    Clinical evaluation (cont.)
    • Examination
    – Visual acuity
    – Confrontation visual fields
    – Pupil reflexes
    – Observation for ocular albinism
    – Ophthalmoscopy (not apparent by naked eye)
    – Ocular motility
    Clinical evaluation (cont.)
    • Examination (cont.)
    • Gaze evoked form or primary position
    • Binocular and conjugate
    • Wave for pendular or jerk
    • Direction of fast phase
    • Is there a latent component i.e. ↑ intensity when
    one eye is covered
    • Does convergence damp nystagmus
    • Is nystagmus altered by head position
    Types
    • Congenital nystagmus (CN)
    – Latent nystagmus (LN)
    – Manifest latent nystagmus (MLN)
    • Spasmus nutans
    – Transient
    – High frequency
    – Low amplitude
    – Pendular nystagmus (age 12-16 months)
    – Lasts 2 years to 5 years
    Types (cont.)
    • Pendular NS • Ictal NS
    • Pendular pseudoNS • Dysconjugate NS
    • Gaze paretic NS • Monocular NS
    • Vestibular NS • Upbeat NS
    • Caloric induced NS • Downbeat NS
    • Physiologic NS • Periodic alternating NS
    • Torsional NS • Rebound NS
    • Centripetal NS
    • Convergence evoked NS
    • Susan’s NS

    You might also like