Section 2 Safety, Tools and Equipment, Shop Practices Unit 5 Tools and Equipment

Section 2
Safety, Tools and Equipment,

Shop Practices
Unit 5
Tools and Equipment
Unit Objectives
 Describe hand tools used by the air

conditioning, heating, and
refrigeration technician.
 Describe equipment used to install
air conditioning, heating, and
refrigeration systems.
General Hand Tools (1 of 6)
•Screwdrivers
– Straight-slot screwdrivers
turn screws with straight
slots.
– Phillips head screwdrivers turn

screws with slots resembling a
cross.
 Wrenches
 Common types of
wrenches include
the open end
wrench, the box
wrench, and the
combination
wrench.
Other wrenches include pipe wrenches and
adjustable wrenches.
 Hex keys
 Used to turn screws and set
screws that have female hex
heads
 Also referred to as Allen
wrenches
• Pliers
– Types of pliers
include…
Pump Needlenose
pliers
Locking pliers
Linesman Slip joint pliers
• Hammers
– Commonly used hammers
include…
Ball peen
Carpenter’s
claw
Always be careful
when using
hammers! Rubber mallet
Specialized Hand Tools
 Stock and dies

 The die is used to cut threads on
the external surface of piping
material.
 The die fits and locks into the
stock during the threading
process.
 The stock is used to facilitate the
threading process.
Electric Drills
 Can be corded or
battery operated
 Some drills variable
speed
 Some types
reversible
 Always disconnect
power cord (corded
drills) when
changing the drill
bit.
Specialized Tools (1 of 4)
• Nut drivers
– Used to drive hex head screws

– Have a socket head
– Come in a variety of styles
 Refrigeration service
wrench
 Ratcheting wrench used
to turn square stems on
fuel tanks, service
valves, and other
system components
 Can be used on four
different stem sizes
 Crimping tool
 Cuts Wire
 Strips wire
 Crimps solderless
connectors onto
wires
 Cuts small bolts
 Inspection
mirror
 Telescopic
mirror used to
inspect solder
joints for leaks
Tubing Tools (1 of 4)
 Tubing cutter
 Available in different
sizes and styles
 Used to cut copper and
aluminum tubing and
piping materials
• The flaring block and yoke are used to create flares in soft
drawn tubing.
Before the flare
After the flare

 Swaging tools
 Used to expand the
end of a tube so that
two sections of the
same size tubing can
be joined
 Used in conjunction
with a flaring block
 Tubing benders
 Can be spring type
or lever type
 Used to bend soft
copper or
aluminum tubing
Specialized Service Tools (1 of 5)
 The gage manifold
 One of the HVAC/R technician’s most
important pieces of equipment
 Can read pressures on both the high-
and low-pressure sides of the system
 Can read pressures below atmospheric
on the low-pressure side of the system
 Can be of the two-valve or four-valve
variety
LOW SIDE GAUGE HIGH SIDE GAUGE
LOW SIDE VALVE HIGH SIDE VALVE
MANIFOLD
LOW SIDE HOSE
HIGH SIDE HOSE

CENTER HOSE
 The U-tube manometer

 Can be the mercury or water variety
 Can measure low pressures in inches of
water column or millimeters of mercury
 The liquid level rises on one side and falls
on the other.
 The difference between the two liquid
levels is the pressure reading.
Open to
atmosphere To a natural
1.75” gas valve, for
example
0”
1.75”
The pressure
reading on this
manometer is 3.5
inches of water
column.
 Electronic vacuum gage

 Measures the vacuum in a refrigeration
system during the evacuation process
 Can measure a vacuum down to 50
microns or 0.050 mm Hg
 1,000 microns = 1 mm Hg
 As a vacuum is pulled on a system the
micron level will drop.
• Electronic vacuum gage
Power indicator
Very poor vacuum
Fair vacuum
Good vacuum
Hose from vacuum pump Cap

 Vacuum pump
 Designed to remove air and noncondensable gases
from an air-conditioning or refrigeration system
Refrigerant Leak Detectors (1 of 2)
 Halide leak detector

 It is used with acetylene, propane, or
MAPP gas.
 When ignited, the flame heats a copper
disc.
 Combustion air is drawn through a tube.
 The open end of the tube is passed over
fitting or piping.
 When a leak is detected, the flame will
change color (from blue to green).
Refrigerant Leak Detectors (2 of 2)
• When a leak is
detected, the flame
color changes.
Other Refrigerant Leak Detectors
 Electronic leak detectors

 Contain refrigerant-sensitive elements
 Reacts to leaks with rapid beeping
 Ultraviolet leak detectors
 UV additive introduced to the system
 Pipes will glow at the point of the leak
 Ultrasonic leak detectors
 Detect the sound of escaping
refrigerant
The Clamp-on Ammeter (1 of 2)
 It is used to measure
current flow in an
electric circuit.
 The jaws of the meter
are clamped around
one conductor of the
circuit.
 The meter can also be
used to measure
voltage and resistance.
Volt-ohm-milliammeter (VOM)
 Often referred to as a multimeter

 Measures volts, ohms, and amps
 Can be analog or digital styles
 Come with a number of features,
options, and accessories
Unit Summary
 Air conditioning, heating, and

refrigeration technicians should be
familiar with available hand tools
and equipment.
 Always use tools and equipment
properly.
 Only use tools for the jobs for which
they were intended.
 Improper tool usage can result in
personal injury.

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Section 2

Safety, Tools and Equipment,

 Describe hand tools used by the air

– Phillips head screwdrivers turn

 Stock and dies

– Used to drive hex head screws

Before the flare

After the flare

LOW SIDE VALVE HIGH SIDE VALVE

LOW SIDE HOSE

HIGH SIDE HOSE

 The U-tube manometer

 Electronic vacuum gage

Very poor vacuum

Hose from vacuum pump Cap

 Halide leak detector

 Electronic leak detectors

 Often referred to as a multimeter

 Air conditioning, heating, and

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