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    OTEC - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

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    Mounika Chirra
    There are two main methods for harnessing ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC): open cycle and closed cycle systems. While OTEC is an infinite and freely available source of energy, its efficiency is very low at around 2.5% compared to 30-40% for conventional power plants and capital costs are also very high. Tidal power works by storing water during high tide and discharging it through turbines during low tide to generate power. It has advantages of being pollution-free and reliable but sites are limited and transmission costs to load centers can be high. Wave energy is harnessed using devices that create relative motion to extract energy from ocean waves. Technologies are classified based on placement in deep water, near shore, or at

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    OTEC - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

    Uploaded by

    Mounika Chirra
    53 views24 pages
    There are two main methods for harnessing ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC): open cycle and closed cycle systems. While OTEC is an infinite and freely available source of energy, its efficiency is very low at around 2.5% compared to 30-40% for conventional power plants and capital costs are also very high. Tidal power works by storing water during high tide and discharging it through turbines during low tide to generate power. It has advantages of being pollution-free and reliable but sites are limited and transmission costs to load centers can be high. Wave energy is harnessed using devices that create relative motion to extract energy from ocean waves. Technologies are classified based on placement in deep water, near shore, or at

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    There are two main methods for harnessing ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC): open cycle and closed cycle systems. While OTEC is an infinite and freely available source of energy, its efficiency is very low at around 2.5% compared to 30-40% for conventional power plants and capital costs are also very high. Tidal power works by storing water during high tide and discharging it through turbines during low tide to generate power. It has advantages of being pollution-free and reliable but sites are limited and transmission costs to load centers can be high. Wave energy is harnessed using devices that create relative motion to extract energy from ocean waves. Technologies are classified based on placement in deep water, near shore, or at

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    53 views24 pages

    OTEC - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

    Uploaded by

    Mounika Chirra
    There are two main methods for harnessing ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC): open cycle and closed cycle systems. While OTEC is an infinite and freely available source of energy, its efficiency is very low at around 2.5% compared to 30-40% for conventional power plants and capital costs are also very high. Tidal power works by storing water during high tide and discharging it through turbines during low tide to generate power. It has advantages of being pollution-free and reliable but sites are limited and transmission costs to load centers can be high. Wave energy is harnessed using devices that create relative motion to extract energy from ocean waves. Technologies are classified based on placement in deep water, near shore, or at

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    OTEC – Ocean Thermal

    Energy Conversion
    OTEC
    Methods of Ocean Thermal Electric
    Power Generation
    • There are two rather different methods for
    harnessing ocean thermal differences.
    • Open cycle OTEC System(Claude cycle)
    • Closed cycle OTEC System(Anderson cycle)
    Open Cycle
    Closed Cycle
    Advantages of OTEC
    1. Ocean is an infinite heat reservoir which
    receives solar incidence throughout the year.
    2. Energy is freely available.
    Disadvantage of OTEC
    1.Efficiency is very low, about 2.5%, as compared
    to 30-40% efficiency for conventional power
    plants.
    2. Capital cost is very high.
    TIDAL AND WAVE ENERGY
    • Tide or wave is periodic rise and fall of water
    level of the sea. Tides occur due to the
    attraction of sea water by the moon. Tides
    contain large amount of potential energy
    which is used for power generation. When the
    water is above the mean sea level, it is called
    flood tide. When the water level is below the
    mean level it is called ebb tide.
    WORKING
    • The ocean tides rise and fall and water can be
    stored during the rise period and it can be di
    • scharged during fall. A dam is constructed
    separating the tidal basin from the sea and a
    difference in water level is obtained between
    the basin and sea. During high tide period,
    water flows from the sea into the tidal basin
    through the water turbine. The height of tide is
    above that of tidal basin. Hence the turbine
    unit operates and generates power, as it is
    directly coupled to a generator.
    • During low tide period, water flows from tidal
    basin to sea, as the water level in the basin is
    more than that of the tide in the sea. During this
    period also, the flowing water rotates the
    turbine and generator power.
    • The generation of power stops only when the sea
    level and the tidal basin level are equal. For the
    generation of power economically using this
    source of energy requires some minimum tide
    height and suitable site. Kislaya power plant of
    250 MW capacity in Russia and Rance power
    plant in France are the only examples of this type
    of power plant.
    Advantages of Tidal Power Plants

    1.It is free from pollution as it does not use any


    fuel.
    2.It is superior to hydro-power plant as it is
    totally independent of rain.
    3.It improves the possibility of fish farming in
    the tidal basins and it can provide recreation
    to visitors and holiday makers.
    Disadvantages
    1. Tidal power plants can be developed only if
    natural sites are available on the bay.
    2. As the sites are available on the bays which
    are always far away from load centres, the
    power generated has to be transmitted to
    long distances. This increases the transmission
    cost and transmission losses.
    Different Tidal Power Plants
    • The tidal power plants are generally classified
    on the basis of the number of basins used for
    the power generation. They are further
    subdivided as one-way or two-way system as
    per the cycle of operation for power
    generation.
    • The classification is represented with the help
    of a line diagram as given below.
    Wave Generation
    • Disturbing force causes waves to form
    • Interface of fluids with different densities

    • Air – ocean interface - Ocean waves

    • Air – air interface - Atmospheric waves

    • Water – water interface - Internal waves


    Wave Energy
    How does wave energy originate?

    – Differential warming of the earth causes pressure


    differences in the atmosphere, which generate
    winds

    – As winds move across the surface of open bodies


    of water, they transfer some of their energy to the
    water and create waves
    Wave Energy
    The amount of energy transferred and the size of the
    resulting wave depend on

    – the wind speed

    – the length of time for which the wind blows

    – the distance over which the wind blows or fetch


    Types of Waves
    How to harvest wave energy?

    In order to extract this energy, wave energy conversion


    devices must create a system of reacting forces, in which
    two or more bodies move relative to each other, while at
    least one body interacts with the waves.

    There are many ways that such a system could be configured.


    Wave Energy Technologies

    • Waves retain energy differently depending on water depth

    – Lose energy slowly in deep water

    – Lose energy quickly as water becomes shallower


    because of friction between the moving water particles
    and the sea bed

    • Wave energy conversion devices are designed for optimal


    operation at a particular depth range
    Wave Energy Technologies

    Therefore, devices can be characterized in terms of their


    placement or location.

    – At the shoreline

    – Near the shoreline

    – Off-shore

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