LEADERSHIP AND TEAM BUILDING

LEADERSHIP is defined as the “ability to influence others towards desired

goals. It also means “doing the right things’
• It is a call to everyone....
• It is the process of influencing the activities of a person or a group to
achieve a goal in a given situation.
• “any attempt to influence the behavior of another individual or group”
according to Paul Hersey.
• “actual change in behavior is needed for successful leadership according
to Bernard Bass.
 SERVANT LEADERSHIP

The following are ten characteristic of a servant 6.ONE WHO CAN CONCEPTUALIZE – Servant leaders
leader. nurture the ability to “dreams” and are able to
1. ONE WHO LISTENS – Communication and think beyond day-to-day realities in problem
decision- making skills of a leader are solving.
enhanced by listening deeply to other. 7.ONE WHO HAS FORESIGHT – Is a quality rooted in
2. ONE WHO CAN EMPATHIZE – People need to an intuitive mind. Servant leaders understand
be accepted and recognized for special and the lessons of the past, the realities of the
unique spirits. Thus, servant leaders strive to present, and the likely consequences of
understand and empathize with those they decisions for the future.
serve. 8.ONE WHO CAN BE STEWARD – Servant leaders
3. ONE WHO HEALS – Servant leaders need to hold institutions in trust the greater glory of
recognize that they have an opportunity to society.
help make whole “the broken spirits of those 9.ONE WHO IS COMMITTED TO THE GROWTH OF
with they come contact with. PEOPLE - Servant leaders nurture the personal,
4. ONE WHO IS AWARE – General awareness professional and spiritual growth of those
(particularly self- awareness) is essential. It around them.
aids understanding issues of ethics and values. 10.ONE WHO CAN BUILD COMMUNITIES – Servant
5. ONE WHO CAN PERSUADE – Servant leaders leaders recognize the importance of community
use persuasion rather than positional especially large institution, and strive to help
authority in making decision within an foster community development.
organization. Convincing, rather coercing
others, is the goal.
 BRANDON SAWYER formulates these 10 commandments of
Servant Leadership

1. Thou shall not plug thy ears. Which means communication and decision
making may come from suggestions and participation not by your instinct
alone.
2. Thou shall not condescend. Means you should accepts and acknowledge
the other’s unique individuality they have the right to be accepted or
treated as people.
3. Thou shall not deny treatment. You should treat colleagues fairly and
justly after all they are also part of the organization.
4. Thou shall not force compliance. Big decisions are most effective when
you persuade others to believe in your position and consensus within the
group.
5. Thou shall not avert thy eyes. General awareness, especially self-
awareness, strengthens your ethical understanding enabling you to deal
with complex issues more efffectively.
6. Thou shall not be shortsighted. You must consider the past situation for it
will help you see the bright side of things and eventually will help you see
the cosequence in the future.
7. Thou shall not be thick. Nurture your ability to dream great dreams,
thinking beyond day-to-day management realities.
8. Thou shall not thwart humanity. Be committed to the true value of people
beyond their tangible contribution as workers.
9. Thou shall not plunder. Remember that you hold your institution in trust
for the greater good of society, and along with everyone else; you are a
steward of the organization.
10. Thou shall not divide and conquer. Develop a greater sense of community
among all members of the organizations.
 TEAMWORK

Teamwork- work done by several associates with each doing a part but all
subordinating personal prominence to the efficiency of the whole
group/team to achieve the common goal.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE TEAM
1. Clear purpose – The vision, mission, goal or task of the team has been
defined and is now accepted by everyone. There is an action plan.
2. Informality – The climate tends to be informal, comfortable, and relaxed.
There are no obvious tensions or signs of boredom.
3. Participation – There members use effective listening techniques such as
questioning, paraphrasing, and summarizing to get out ideas.
4. Listening – The members use effective listening techniques such as
questioning, paraphrasing, and summarizing to get out ideas.
5. Civilized disagreement – There is disagreement, but the team is
comfortable with this and shows no signs of avoiding, smoothing over, or
suppressing conflict.
6. Consensus decisions – For important decisions, the goal is substantial but
not necessarily unanimous agreement through open discussion of
everyone’s ideas, avoidance of formal voting, or easy compromises.
7. Open communication – Team members fell free to express their feelings on
the tasks as well as on the group’s operation. There are few hidden
agendas. Communication takes place outside of meetings.
8. Clear roles and work – There are clear expectations about the roles played
by each team member. When action is fairly distributed among team
members.
9. Shared leadership assignments – While the team has a formal leader,
leadership functions shift from time to time depending of the group, and
the skills of the members.
10. External relations – The team spends time developing key outside
relationships, mobilizing resources,a nd building credibility with important
players in other parts of the organization.
11. Style diversity – The team has a broad spectrum of team- player types
including members who emphasize attention to tasks, goal setting, focus
on process, and questions about how each team is functioning.
12. Self- assesment – Periodically, the team stops to examine how ell it is
functioning and what may be interfering with its effectiveness.

EFFECTIVE TEAMWORK THROUGH COOPERATION, TRUST, AND

COHESIVENESS
Cooperation
Individuals are said to be cooperating when their efforts are systematically
integrated to achieve a collective objective.
Trust
is defined as reciprocal faith in other’s intentions and behaviors. Trust
involves a “cognitive leap” beyond the expectations that reason and
experience alone would warrant.
 How to Build Trust

1. Communication. Keep team members and employees informed by explaining

policies and decisions and providing accurate feedback. Be candid about
one’s own problems.
2. Support. Be available and approachable. Provide help, advice, coaching, and
support for team member’s ideas.
3. Respect. Delegation, in the form of real decision-making authority, is the
most important expression of managerial respect. Actively listening to the
ideas of others is a close second. (Empowerment is not possible without
trust.)
4. Fairness. Be quick to give credit and recognition to those who deserve it.
Make sure all performance appraisals and evaluations are objective and
impartial.
5. Predictability. Be consistent and predictable in your daily affairs. Keep both
expressed and implied promises.
6. Competence. Enhance your credibility by demonstrating good business
sense, technical ability and professionalism.
Cohesiveness
is a process whereby “a sense of ‘we-ness’ emerges to transcend
individual differences and motives. Members of a cohesive group stick
together and are reluctant to leave the group because of the following
reasons; 1) they enjoy each other’s company or 2) they need each other
to accomplish a common goal.

TEAM BUILDING
Is a catch all term for a whole host of techniques aimed at improving
the internal functioning of work groups. Team building workshops strive
for greater cooperation, better communication, and less dysfunctional
conflicts. Experiential learning techniques such as interpersonal trust
exercises. Conflict- handling role- play sessions, and inteactive games are
utilized.
EIGHT ATTRIBUTES OF HIGHT PERFORMANCE TEAMS
1. PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP
2. SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
3. ALIGNED ON PURPOSE
4. HIGH COMMUNICATION
5. FUTURE FOCUSED
6. FOCUSED ON TASK
7. CREATIVE TALENTS
8. RAPID RESPONSE
The eight attributes effectively combine many of today’s most progressive
ideas on management, among them being participation, empowerment,
service ethics, individual responsibility and development, self-
management, trust, active listening and envisioning.
 DRUG ABUSE AND ITS PREVENTION

BASIC CONCEPTS IN DRUG ABUSE

DRUG DEPENDENCE - Is the ultimate disastrous consequence of drug abuse.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines drug dependence as “a
state, psychic or also sometimes physical, resulting from the interaction
between a living organism and a drug, and characterized by behavioral
and other responses that always include a compulsive desire or need to
use the drug on a continuous basis in order to experience its effects
and/or avoid the discomfort of its absence”.
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE – alcohol, heroin and cocaine, to mention a few-
cause a change in the body chemistry when make frequently in large
doses over along period of time.
“Withdrawal symptoms” means the ill effects that a drug abuser feels when
he stops using the drugs.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
Some drugs do not produce physical dependence. In other words,
the body does not need the drugs nor crave for them.

PHASES OF DRUG DEPENDENCE

There are four basic steps that teenagers take on the road to drug
dependence:
1. Experimentation Phase. The new user experiments with or tries a drug
for the first time in his life although he has heard that people who use
drugs experience a “high” or pleasure, the first time often produces a
negative experience. The first smoker, for instance, is likely to cough. The
cigarette smoke brings tears to his eyes. He finds the basic of the
cigarette unpleasant. The beginner may even experience some vomiting.
2. Ocassional or Social Use. Some teeners, assured by their drug using
friends that the unpleasant effects are normal and would pass away,
decide to continue using drugs. The ill effects are no longer experienced.
3. Regular Use. In this stage, he actively, seeks the drug of abuse of his
choice. He tries to make sure that he has a ready supply of the drug or
that he can readily obtain it.
4. Drug Dependence. In this stage, he no longer just takes the drug every now
and then but uses them day-by-day. The drug has become a major part of
his life. He has to have the drug at all cost.

PRIMARY CAUSES AND CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS TO DRUG ABUSE

FAMILY
1. Escape from strict and domineering parents;
2. Parents lack of communication with children;
3. Parents are frequently quarreling in their presence;
4. Overprotective parents;
5. Neglected children;
6. Parents are busy in their work and have no time for the children; and
7. Children prefer to be with peer group (barkada) because they feel
nobody wants them at home.
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
1. Some individual health conditions such as fatigue, chronic cough,
insomnia, physical distress and mental disorders are usually relieved with
the used od drugs.
2. With the use of a certain drug, the body works actively, but with the
continued improper use of such drug it will result in physicaldependency.

Psychological Factors
1. Low self-Esteem and Poor Self-image.
2. Need for Acceptance or Belonging.
3. Feeling for More Freedom and Autonomy.
4. Escape from Reality.
5. Mental Problem.
6. Attention Getting.
PARENTAL NEGLIGENCE
1. Over domineering parents;
2. Lack of parental concern and closeness;
3. Parental permissiveness;
4. Rejection by the parents;
5. Abuse by the parents;
6. Family instability and disorganization;
7. Harsh physical punishment; and
Childhood stress and trauma.
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
I. Effect to the Person (User)
A. Medical and Physical deterioration
1. Respiratory Disease- Asthma, Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Tuberculosis,
Lung abscess, Emphysema, Lung cancer
2. Digestive System Disease- Peptic ulcer, Gastritis, Hepatitis
3. Infection
4. Anemia
5. Physical Condition- Fatigue, muscle wasting, loss of weight, weakness,
insomnia, poor muscular coordination.
B. Personality Deterioration
1. Witty and manipulative
2. Negative attitudes
3. Selfish and demanding
4. Low frustration tolerance
5. Poor relation to parents and his siblings
6. Non-trustworthiness
7. Usually depressed
8. Self-centered
9. Absence of good manners and right conduct
10. Association to known drug users
11. Losses of so many things at home and at times from neighbors, at school
and at work.
C. Mental Deterioration
1. Loss of interest to any productive activities
2. No productive and gainful work
3. Emotionally immature
4. No initiative for self-improvement
5. Low IQ and usually drop-out from the school at work
6. Inability to concentrate
7. Easily forgets
8. Suffering from withdrawal symptoms
9. Nervous imbalance
10. Irritable
11. Agitated
12. Irresponsible
13. Psychosis
C. Spiritual Deterioration
1. Drug abusers are godless.
2. No spiritual belief and no spiritual obligation nor religious.
II. Effect to the Community
1. Increase of petty crimes in the community, (Physical injuries, rape, hold-
upping, bag snatching, stealing by “akyat-bahay gang” and “bukas kotse
gang”, and others)
2. Increase of drug dependent and drug pusher especially at night.
3. Neighborhood association becomes inactive.
III. Effect to the Society
1. Increase of heinous or anti-social crimes.
2. Increase of immortality and loss of moral fiber of the society
(prostitution, pedophilia, child abuse).
3. Downfall of social values of the country.
4. Limited movement of people especially at night time for fear of the drug
dependent.
 WEAPONS TO COMBAT THE DRUG MENACE

WHAT PARENTS CAN DO?

As always, prevention is better than cure. The cure best thing that
parents of young children can do to prevent a drug problem occuring is to
set as an example of good behavior themselves. This means not just
instilling a positive attitude with the child. If the emphasis in the home is
always “you can do it” rather than “you’ll never do it” there is agreater
chance that the child will grow up with an inner, unshakeable core of self-
confidence, will never turn to drugs, and easy, open relationship with the
parents based on mutual trust and understanding will also help a lot.
The most important Do’s and Don’ts with regard to parental attitudes over
drug taking:
1. Before condemning any drug habit, make sure you are setting the very
best example yourself.
2. Become knowledgeable.
3. Talk to your son or daughter.
4. Don’t be unduly suspicious.
DRUG ABUSE AWARENESS AND EDUCATION
Prevention programs provide a basis for teaching young people to develop
healthy behavioral patterns that do not include drug taking, and for
instilling in them a sense of responsibility.
Drug abuse education should be fully integrated into public and private,
religious or secular, school curricula, with emphasis on the destructive
effects of drug use, the encouragement of excellence in teaching, health
and overall personal well-being.
 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM

Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect

is the rise in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere primarily due to the
so called “greenhouse effect.” According to the Hadley Center for Climate
Prediction and Research in the UK, when there is a change in the world’s
ocean temperature, typhoons and cyclones. Will become more frequent
and more severe. Countries with winter season will experience longer and
colder seasons than before. Moreover, the world’s mean water level is
predicted to rise up by 15-95 centimeters by the year 2100 due to the
melting of the ice in the polar region, resulting to the disappearnace of
many smaller islands.
The El Nino and La Nina Phenomena
The term “El Nino” was first used by fishermen in Peru in the late 1800s to
describe the warm current appearing off the western cost of Peru during
December. “El Nino” means little boy in Spanish.
Earthquake
One of the most frightening and destructive lashes of mother earth is severe
sudden movement of the earth’s crust, caused by an abrupt release of
strain that has accumalated for a long time. Earthquakes are
uncontrollable and unpredictable; thus, present a great hazard to life and
property. Scientist today are working 24/7 to come up with a way to
possibly predict the location and likelihood of an earthquake, as well as
new designs for various structures that hopefully, will withstand a strong
tremor.
Flooding
Floods often occur after continuous heavy rains. When it rains, some of the
water are retained by the soil, some are absorbed by vegetation, some
evaporate, and the remainder, which reach river channels, are called run-
off.
Deforestation
1. Illegal Logging.
2. Charcoal Making
3. Kaingin System

Negative Effects of Deforestation

1. Flash Flood
2. Air Pollution
3. Eyesore
4. Ecological Imbalance

Pollution
Is an unfavorable change in the environment that makes it less fit for human,
plant and animal life. It poses health, social, economic, and aesthetic
problems.
a. Air Pollution
This kind of pollution results from any change in air quality which causes
many adverse effects to living organisms. The air pollution problems we
are experiencing at present are caused by 1) excessive emission of
pollutants (urban vs rural areas) and insufficient disperal which depends
on air motion.

Some Sources of Air Effects on Living Things

Pollution
Burning of •Unhealthy breathing that
Farm/Household may trigger asthma and
other respiratory disease.
•Global warming
Motor Vehicles •Difficulty in breathing;
may result to cardiac arrest
for those who have heart
disease.
•Mental retardation
•Behavior disorders
Some Sources of Air Pollution Effects on Living Things
Industrial Plants •Respiratory disorders
•Both source of acid rain
•Cause eye irritations, throat and
respiratory tracts
Combustion of coal, fertilizers, •Damage of the central nervous
rubber, plastic, paints system
•Leukemia
•Behavioral disorders
•Promotes lung disorder
•Kidney and Lung Disorder
•Distress and nausea
Radioactive emissions •cancer
b. Water Pollution
This kind of pollution is perhaps the most universally recognized form of
environmental pollution, and one that people have been concerned about
for the longest period of time. It is defined as any change in natural water,
caused by organic and inorganic substance, which may impair their
beneficial use because of the alteration of the water’s physical, chemical,
and biological properties.

Some Source of Water Effects on Living Things

Pollution
Physical discharges such as •Depressed oxygen supply
garbage/biological such as •Eutrophication of water
sewage system
•Algal bloom that results to
red tide
•Impure water made unfit
for drinking
•Fish kill
Some Sources of Water Pollution Effects on Living Things
Chemical discharges •Water system becomes toxic
•Source of various diseases
•Genetic disorders
•Dermatitis
•leukemia
Agricultural run offs •Toxic effect
•Genetic disorders and cancer
Oil Spill •Destruction of water
Discharge of waste heat •Changes water temperature
•Killing of marine life
c. Noise Pollution
Noise is annoying sound or unwanted sound. However, sound is relative
because what is pleasant sound to someone is noise to the other such as
ringing bells or music from a radio.
Sound is measured in decibels (dB). A soft whisper is measured 30 dB. A
conversation is 60 dB. A loud noise such as sound of a heavy truck makes
temporary deafness. Just one exposure of the ear to noise that measures
120 dB may result to permanent deafness because the tmypanic
membrane in the middle ear collapsed.
Noise can also be source of quarrel. As Filipinos, it is part of our discipline not
to make noise during sleeping time, which is in the middle of the night,
early in the morning and during siesta.
Source of Sound Description
Large rocket engine (nearby)
Jet takeoff (nearby)
Pneumatic riveter, Machine gun
Rock concert with amplifiers; Jet takeoff Pain threshold
(60m)
Construction noise (3m)
Subway train
Noisy office machines; Average factory Constant exposure endangers hearing
Busy traffic
Normal conversion (1m)
Quiet office Quite
Library
Soft whisper (5m)
Rusting leaves
Normal Breathing Barely Audible
Hearing Threshold
d. Land Pollution
This kind of pollution is signaled by the presence of any solid waste matter, in
such quantities that are already injurious and detrimental to humans,
animals, plants and property.

Some Source of Solid Waste Effects on Living Things

Litters •Eyesore

Kitchen debris •Offesive odors

•Shelter population of rats and
other pests

Industrial waste •Same effects above

•Chrosome defect
 SAFETY, FIRST AID AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

Public safety involves the prevention of and protection from events that
could endanger the safety of the general public from significant danger,
injury/harm, or damage, such as crimes or disasters (natural or man-
made)
Public security is the fucntion of governments which ensures the protection
or citizens, organizations, and institutions against threats to their well-
being- and to the prosperity of their communities.
First aid is an assessments and interventions that can be performed by a
bystander (or by the victim) with minimal or no medical equipment.
First aid guidlines in terms of:
• Seizures
• Bleeding
Wounds and Abrasions
Irrigate wounds and abrasions with clean running tap water for 5 minutes or
until there appears to be no foreign matter in the wound.
Snakebite
Do not apply suction as first aid for snakebite. Suction does remove some
venom, but the amount is very small, suction has no clinical benefit, and it
may aggravate the injury.
Drowning
Is a major cause of unintentional death. It can be prevented with isolation
fencing around swimming pools (gates should be self-closing and self-
latching),wearing personal flotation devices (life jackets) while in, around,
or on water, and never swimming alone.
Other Relevant Social Concerns
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Violence
Physically violent forms of family interactions have been a growing
concern over the last decade. It is believed that familky violence and
neglect occur mostly in sick families, families in slums, or families that
characterized by some pathology such as drugs, alcohol, or mental
derangement.
Sociological Explaination of Violence
1. Resource of William J. Goode.
2. Culture of Violence Theory.
3. Frustration Aggression Theory.
4. Victim Precipitated Violence.
Juvenile Delinquency
Deals with children, minor or yputh below twenty-one years of age who break
the law or fail to do what the law requires. The Child and Youth Welfare
Code, President Decree No. 603 defines youthful offender as one who is
nine years but under twenty-one years of age at the time of the offense.
1. Environmental Delinquents
2. Maladjusted Delinquents
3. Psychiatric Delinquents
CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
there are variuos factors that contribute to juvenile deliquency as
phenomenon (zulueta and Luwag, 2005):
1. Social disorganation.
2. Poverty
3. Broken homes.
TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS
The juvenile justice system tries to treat and rehabilite youngsters
who become involve in delinquency. The methods According to Sametz
and Steib(2006) can be categorizeed as:
1. Community Treatment.
2. Residencial Treatment.
3. Nonresidencial community treatment.
4. Institutionalization.