Semi Persistant Scheduling

VoLTE Capacity Increase & Coverage Enhancement

Contents:

◇Introduction to SPS

◇How the SPS feature works

◇Uplink SPS

◇Downlink SPS

◇Load based Scheduling

◇Power Control in SPS

 SPS Feature Introduction:
This Feature is used for capacity enhancement through utilizing the resources during a VoLTE Call in a high load scenarios.

The eNodeB can adaptively select dynamic scheduling and semi-persistent scheduling based on load in both uplink and downlink.
This feature applies only to voice services. (Confirm if there are thresholds for this load?)

Semi Persistent Scheduling Dynamic Scheduling

Comparison

Before entering talk spurts, the eNodeB allocates fixed When dynamic scheduling is used for voice services,
resources to UEs through the PDCCH message. time-frequency resource or MCS is updated through the
PDCCH every 20 ms. This consumes a large number of
Before exiting talk spurts or releasing resources, the UEs
PDCCH resources.
do not need to apply for resource allocation from the
PDCCH again, thereby saving PDCCH resources.
 How it works: Configuration Activation Release

Step1 Step2 Step3

1. Configuration:
The eNodeB configures semi-persistent scheduling parameters for UEs
supporting semi persistent scheduling in the RRC Connection
Reconfiguration message during DRB setup for QCI of 1. UlSchSwitch SpsSchSwitch On
CELLALGOSWITCH
DlSchSwitch SpsSchSwitch On
2. Activation
All the following conditions must be met in order to activate the SPS.
1. Enable in the SPS scheduling switch for the DL and UL.

UlSchSwitch SpsSchSwitch On
CELLALGOSWITCH
DlSchSwitch SpsSchSwitch On

2. The UE supports semi-persistent scheduling.

3. The UE performing voice services is in uplink or downlink talk spurts.
4. The uplink or downlink for the UE has only one dedicated bearer for services with QCI of 1. For the uplink, there is no data
transmission on the data bearer.
5. RLC segmentation is not performed in the uplink or downlink for the UE.
6. When ROHC is enabled, the uplink or downlink ROHC is in the stable compression state, that is, the size of the ROHC header is
relatively stable. (Need to confirm what is the stable compression rate range)

During talk spurts, eNodeBs use dynamic scheduling in the following scenarios:
1. Transmission of large packets, such as channel-associated signaling or uncompressed packets generated when the ROHC feature
Is it called updates contexts.
deactivation 2. Downlink semi-persistent retransmission (Any thresholds?)
3. Uplink semi-persistent adaptive retransmission (Any thresholds?)
3. Release
1. When the number of empty packets received by the eNodeB in uplink semi-persistent scheduling exceeds the value of
CellUlschAlgo.SpsRelThd, the eNodeB automatically releases semi-persistently allocated resources.
 Uplink Semi-Persistent Scheduling
During semi-persistent scheduling, the eNodeB determines the modulation and coding
scheme (MCS) and the number of PRBs based on the following items:
Voice packet size (ROHC disabled) or size of compressed voice packets (ROHC enabled)
 Wideband signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)

•After uplink semi-persistent scheduling is activated, the UE periodically sends data and the eNodeB periodically
receives data using the uplink semi-persistently allocated resources.

• In addition, the eNodeB checks whether the MCS allocated in uplink semi-persistent scheduling matches the
current channel status. If the MCS does not match the current channel status, the eNodeB activates semi-
persistent scheduling again. (Is there a deactivation process?)

•After the eNodeB triggers a UE to enter uplink semi-persistent scheduling, the logicalChannelSR-Mask-r9 IE in
the RRC Reconfiguration message instructs the UE not to send scheduling requests over the radio bearers for
QCI of 1. (Need more elaboration about this point?)

•This reduces UE power consumption. The CellULSchAlgo.SrMaskSwitch parameter controls this function. It is
recommended that both this function and uplink semi-persistent scheduling be enabled. This function takes
effect only on UEs that comply with 3GPP Release 9 or later

•When the number of empty packets received by the eNodeB in uplink semi-persistent
•scheduling exceeds the value of CellUlschAlgo.SpsRelThd, the eNodeB automatically releases semi-persistently
allocated resources.
 Downlink Semi-Persistent Scheduling
During semi-persistent scheduling, the eNodeB determines the modulation and coding
scheme (MCS) and the number of PRBs based on the following items:
Voice packet size (ROHC disabled) or size of compressed voice packets (ROHC enabled)
 Wideband CQI

The UE and eNodeB then receive and send data on the allocated resources.
After downlink semi-persistent scheduling is activated, the eNodeB checks whether the MCS allocated in semi
persistent scheduling matches the current channel status. If the MCS doesnot match the current channel status,
the eNodeB activates semi-persistent scheduling again.

There are two scenarios:

1. If the periodically measured IBLER is greater than the CellDlschAlgo.DlSpsMcsDecreaseIblerThd parameter
value, the eNodeB lowers the MCS and activates downlink semi-persistent scheduling again.

2. If the periodically measured IBLER is lower than 5%, the eNodeB increases the MCS and activates downlink
semi-persistent scheduling again. The DlSpsMcsIncreaseSwitch option of the CellAlgoSwitch.CqiAdjAlgoSwitch
parameter specifies whether to enable MCS index increase for semi-persistent scheduling.
DL SPS Reserved HARQ Switch

This parameter utilizes

the usage of the reserved
DlSpsRevHarq HARQ process during SPS
UseSwitch configuration and before
activation in dynamic
scheduling
 Load Based Scheduling
For newly originated voice services, load-based scheduling allows the eNodeB to adaptively
select dynamic or semi-persistent scheduling based on service load in both uplink and
downlink.

When the load is high, the eNodeB applies semi-persistent scheduling to avoid PDCCH overload and the
impact on voice quality and capacity.

When the load is low, the eNodeB applies dynamic scheduling to provide better experience on voice services
and improve spectral efficiency.

UlEnhancedVoipSchSw. controls load-based scheduling in

the
CellUlSchAlgo
UlVoIPLoadBasedSchSwitch downlink.
DlEnhancedVoipSchSw. controls load-based scheduling in
CellDlSchAlgo
the
DlVoIPLoadBasedSchSwitch uplink.
 Power Control in Semi-Persistent Scheduling
• When semi-persistent scheduling is used for VoLTE in the downlink, power control is not performed. Instead, the eNodeB transmit
power is evenly shared by each PRB

• Closed-loop power control for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) can be enabled or disabled by setting the
CloseLoopSpsSwitch option of the CellAlgoSwitch.UlPcAlgoSwitch parameter.

• The SpsAndDrxOptSwitch option of the CellUlSchAlgo.UlEnhencedVoipSchSw parameter is used to control optimization of

cooperation between semi-persistent scheduling and DRX.

SpsAndDrxOptSwitch SpsAndDrxOptSwitch CloseLoopSpsSwitch CloseLoopSpsSwitch

On Off On Off
If the tpc_RNTI request fails, semi-persistent
If the tpc_RNTI request
scheduling does not take effect for the the eNodeB adjusts the eNodeB uses open-
fails, semi-persistent
UE. This avoids the following situation: Packet transmit power for loop (not
scheduling may still
loss occurs because the eNodeB the PUSCH based on the closed-loop) power
take effect for the
cannot send semi-persistent TPC commands. measured IBLER of voice control for the PUSCH.
UE but the packet loss
rate may increase. services
If DRX is enabled, semi-persistent TPC
commands must be sent only during the
If DRX is enabled, semi-
DRX On Duration period. Otherwise, dynamic
persistent TPC
scheduling instead of semipersistent scheduling
commands may not be
can take effect for the UE.
sent during the
This avoids the following situation:
DRX On Duration
Packet loss occurs because the UE does not
period but the packet
receive semi-persistent TPC commands
loss rate may increase.
from the eNodeB.
 Feature Related Configuration:
MO Option Parameter Setting Summary
CELLALGOSWITCH DlSchSwitch SpsSchSwitch On Indicates whether to enable semi-persistent scheduling for downlink talk spurts of VoLTE services.
CELLALGOSWITCH UlSchSwitch SpsSchSwitch On Indicates whether to enable semi-persistent scheduling for uplink talk spurts of VoLTE services.
CellDlschAlgo DlSpsInterval 20 Indicates the downlink semi-persistent scheduling interval
CellUlschAlgo UlSpsInterval 20 Indicates the uplink semi-persistent scheduling interval
Indicates whether to enable scheduling request (SR) masking in logical channels for UEs complying with 3GPP Release 9 or later when the SpsSchSwitch option
SrMaskSwitch On
CellULSchAlgo under the UlSchSwitch parameter is selected.
Indicates the threshold for the number of consecutive zero-payload packets received by the eNodeB. After receiving consecutive zero-payload packets of a
SpsRelThd 2
CellULSchAlgo number that is equal to the value of this parameter, the eNodeB performs implicit release of semi-persistent resources.

Indicates the IBLER threshold for lowering the MCS index and reactivating downlink semi-persistent scheduling. If the IBLER is greater than or equal to the
DlSpsMcsDecreaseIblerThd 40
CellDlschAlgo specified threshold in the measurement period, the MCS index is lowered and semi-persistent scheduling is reactivated.

Indicates whether to enable MCS index increase for semi-persistent scheduling (SPS). If this option is selected, MCS index increase is enabled for SPS. If this
CqiAdjAlgoSwitch DlSpsMcsIncreaseSwitch Off option is deselected, MCS index increase is disabled for SPS. Turning on this switch can reduce the number of RBs for SPS and improve cell performance when
CellAlgoSwitch the RB resource is limited but may decrease the VoLTE MOS. Turning off this switch may increase the number of RBs for SPS but increase the VoLTE MOS
CellDlschAlgo DlEnhancedVoipSchSw DlSpsRevHarqUseSwitch On Indicates whether HARQ feedback resources reserved for semi-persistent scheduling can be used by dynamic scheduling
Indicates whether to enable adaptive selection of scheduling modes for VoLTE UEs based on the cell load. Two scheduling modes are provided: dynamic
CellUlSchAlgo UlEnhencedVoipSchSw UlVoIPLoadBasedSchSwitch On
scheduling and semi-persistent scheduling.
DlEnhancedVoipSchSw DlVoIPLoadBasedSchSwitch On Indicates whether to enable cell-load-based adaptive selection of dynamic scheduling and semi-persistent scheduling for UEs running VoLTE services.
CellDlschAlgo
indicates whether to enable optimization of cooperation between semi-persistent scheduling and DRX. If this option is deselected, semi-persistent power control
UlEnhencedVoipSchSw. SpsAndDrxOptSwitch On commands can be issued during the DRX sleep time. If this option is selected, semi-persistent power control commands can be issued only during the DRX On
CellUlSchAlgo Duration time but not during the DRX sleep time.
If this option is not selected, the tpc-RNTI corresponding to the PUSCH cannot be requested and uplink semi-persistent scheduling cannot be activated for the
UlPcAlgoSwitch CloseLoopSpsSwitch On
CellAlgoSwitch UE. As a result, PDCCH resources cannot be saved.
If this option is deselected, the eNodeB can activate downlink semipersistent scheduling only if DrxParaGroup.LongDrxCycle is less than or equal to
CellDlschAlgo.DlSpsInterval.
DlEnhancedVoipSc If this option is selected, no limitation is posed on the configuration relationship between DrxParaGroup.LongDrxCycle and CellDlschAlgo.DlSpsInterval and the
CellDlschAlgo DlSpsDrxDecouplingSwitch On
hSw eNodeB can activate downlink semi-persistent scheduling. In this case, the initial transmission of the semi-persistent PDSCH can be performed during the DRX
sleep time. If the UE cannot receive the data of the semi-persistent PDSCH during the DRX sleep time, the downlink voice packet loss rate
increases.

indicates whether MCS restriction takes effect on uplink dynamic scheduling after uplink semi-persistent scheduling release. If this option is deselected, this
function is disabled. If this option and the SpsSchSwitch option of the UlSchSwitch parameter are selected, this function is enabled, and the MCS for uplink
CellUlSchAlgo UlEnhencedVoipSchSw UlMcsRestraintAfterSpsRelSw On
dynamic scheduling is restricted after uplink semi-persistent scheduling release. In this way, the reliability of uplink dynamic scheduling transmission after uplink
semi-persistent scheduling release can be guaranteed, and voice quality improves.

If this option is deselected, power is allocated evenly during semi-persistent scheduling on the PDSCH. If this option is selected, power control is applied during
CELLALGOSWITCH DlPcAlgoSwitch PdschSpsPcSwitch On
semi-persistent scheduling on the PDSCH, ensuring quality (indicated by IBLER) of VoIP services in the QPSK modulation scheme.