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    Alteration of Cellular Information

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    Jeysi Ralyus
    The document discusses how mutations can occur in cellular DNA and alter genetic information. It defines key terms like genotype, phenotype, and different types of mutations such as point mutations, silent mutations, nonsense mutations, and deletion mutations. Point mutations are changes to a single nucleotide that can have varying effects on proteins, while deletion mutations occur when a sequence of DNA is lost. Mutations can be caused by mistakes in DNA synthesis and replication.

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    Alteration of Cellular Information

    Uploaded by

    Jeysi Ralyus
    31 views6 pages
    The document discusses how mutations can occur in cellular DNA and alter genetic information. It defines key terms like genotype, phenotype, and different types of mutations such as point mutations, silent mutations, nonsense mutations, and deletion mutations. Point mutations are changes to a single nucleotide that can have varying effects on proteins, while deletion mutations occur when a sequence of DNA is lost. Mutations can be caused by mistakes in DNA synthesis and replication.

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    ALTERATION OF CELLULAR INFORMATION.pptx

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    The document discusses how mutations can occur in cellular DNA and alter genetic information. It defines key terms like genotype, phenotype, and different types of mutations such as point mutations, silent mutations, nonsense mutations, and deletion mutations. Point mutations are changes to a single nucleotide that can have varying effects on proteins, while deletion mutations occur when a sequence of DNA is lost. Mutations can be caused by mistakes in DNA synthesis and replication.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views6 pages

    Alteration of Cellular Information

    Uploaded by

    Jeysi Ralyus
    The document discusses how mutations can occur in cellular DNA and alter genetic information. It defines key terms like genotype, phenotype, and different types of mutations such as point mutations, silent mutations, nonsense mutations, and deletion mutations. Point mutations are changes to a single nucleotide that can have varying effects on proteins, while deletion mutations occur when a sequence of DNA is lost. Mutations can be caused by mistakes in DNA synthesis and replication.

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    ALTERATION OF CELLULAR

    INFORMATION

    CLIMACO, Lorraine
    HIJE, Bea Kristine
    PEREGRINO, Marie Christine
    REYES, Gerica
    SEPTIMO, Maria Andrea
    INTRODUCTION
    EVOLVING DESIRABLE BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES
    THROUGH MUTATIUON AND SELECTION
    • Although the cell has a well-developed system to prevent errors in DNA replication and an active
    repair system to correct damage to a DNA molecule, mistakes can still occur. These mistakes are
    called mutations.
    • The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. Genotypes
    can only be determined by biological tests, not observations. Genotype is an inherited trait and
    hereditary information passed by the parents determines genotype. The entire genetic
    information about an organism is contained in a genotype - even those characteristics which are
    not expressed visually.
    • The phenotype is the physical expression, or characteristics, of that trait. Phenotype is what you
    see the visible or observable expression of the results of genes, combined with the environmental
    influence on an organism's appearance or behavior.
    • A mutation is a genotypic change and is irreversible.
    How Mutations Occur
    • Most mutations occur because of mistakes in DNA synthesis. One common form is a point
    mutation.
    • Point mutation or substitution is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed,
    inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA. Point mutations have a variety of effects on
    the downstream protein product consequences that are moderately predictable based upon the
    specifics of the mutation.
    • SILENT MUTATION- are mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype.
    • NONSENSE MUTATION- is a genetic mutation in a DNA sequence that results in a shorter, unfinished protein product.
    • Deletion Mutation (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) is a mutation (a
    genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA
    replication. Any number of nucleotides can be deleted, from a single base to an entire piece of
    chromosome.

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