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    BMW

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    Pabhat Kumar
    Biomedical waste management involves safely handling waste generated during medical diagnosis and treatment. It includes segregating waste like infectious materials, chemicals, and expired drugs. Waste must be transported and disposed of properly to protect human health and the environment. Effective methods include sterilization using steam, ethylene oxide, or dry heat to kill microbes, and disinfection with chemicals to reduce potential infectivity. Proper waste handling following established guidelines helps reduce disease transmission.

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    BMW

    Uploaded by

    Pabhat Kumar
    1K views24 pages
    Biomedical waste management involves safely handling waste generated during medical diagnosis and treatment. It includes segregating waste like infectious materials, chemicals, and expired drugs. Waste must be transported and disposed of properly to protect human health and the environment. Effective methods include sterilization using steam, ethylene oxide, or dry heat to kill microbes, and disinfection with chemicals to reduce potential infectivity. Proper waste handling following established guidelines helps reduce disease transmission.

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    Biomedical waste management involves safely handling waste generated during medical diagnosis and treatment. It includes segregating waste like infectious materials, chemicals, and expired drugs. Waste must be transported and disposed of properly to protect human health and the environment. Effective methods include sterilization using steam, ethylene oxide, or dry heat to kill microbes, and disinfection with chemicals to reduce potential infectivity. Proper waste handling following established guidelines helps reduce disease transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views24 pages

    BMW

    Uploaded by

    Pabhat Kumar
    Biomedical waste management involves safely handling waste generated during medical diagnosis and treatment. It includes segregating waste like infectious materials, chemicals, and expired drugs. Waste must be transported and disposed of properly to protect human health and the environment. Effective methods include sterilization using steam, ethylene oxide, or dry heat to kill microbes, and disinfection with chemicals to reduce potential infectivity. Proper waste handling following established guidelines helps reduce disease transmission.

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    of 24

    Biomedical waste management

    Presented by: Mahusmita Naik


    Sushruta Mohapatra
    Itismita Biswal
    Sandhya Sahoo
    Definition:
    According to Biomedical Waste (Management and
    Handling) Rules, 1998 of India “Any waste which is
    generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
    immunization of human beings or animals or in
    research activities pertaining there to or in the
    production or testing of bio medicals.
    OR
    According to WHO, the waste generated during the
    diagnosis,testing, treatment, research or
    production of biological products for humans or
    animals.
    Importance of biomedical waste
    management:
    • To protect the environment .
    • For the health & Safety of the Population.
    TYPE OF HOSPITAL WASTE
    1. Non-hazardous waste:-
    • Biodegradable
    • Non- Biodegradable

    2. Potentially infectious waste;- Dressings, swabs, laboratory


    wastes, instruments used in patient care.

    3. Potentially toxic waste:-


    • Radioactive :- Radiotherapy/lab research liquids
    Contaminated glass wares, packages, absorbent papers
    • Chemical :- Lab reagents , Film developer, Expired
    disinfectants, Expired solvents
    • Pharmaceutical:- Expired Pharmaceuticals, Contaminated
    Pharmaceuticals, Banned Pharmaceuticals
    SEGREGATION, TRANSPORTATION &
    DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
    • No untreated bio-medical waste shall be mixed with
    other wastes.
    • The bio-medical waste shall be segregated into containers
    or bags at the point of generation prior to its storage,
    transportation, treatment and disposal.
    • The containers or bags are according to the type of Bio-
    medical waste.
    • The operator of common bio-medical waste treatment
    facility shall transport the bio-medical waste from the
    premises of hospital to any off-site bio-medical waste
    treatment facility only in the vehicles having label along
    with necessary information of segregation of Bio-medical
    waste
    Cont…
    • The vehicles used for transportation of bio-
    medical waste should be a covered trolly.
    • It transport bio-medical waste usually at morning
    6am & evening 4pm( especially when there is not
    busy schedule)
    • Microbiology waste and all other clinical
    laboratory waste shall be pre-treated by
    sterilisation or disinfection as per the World
    Health Organisation guidelines before packing
    and sending to the common bio-medical waste
    treatment facility.
    cont….
    • Untreated human anatomical waste, animal
    anatomical waste, soiled waste and,
    biotechnology waste shall not be stored
    beyond a period of 48hrs.
    DECONTAMINATION OF BMW
    • Decontamination is the process whereby microbial
    contamination of a material is reduced to render it
    safe to handle. There are two methods of achieving
    this, disinfection and sterilisation, which are used in
    hospitals.
    • The combination of processes (including cleaning,
    disinfection and sterilisation) used to render a re-
    usable item safe for further use on patients and
    handling by staff. Effective decontamination is
    essential in reducing the risk of transmission of
    infectious agents. In the decontamination process
    soiled instruments are stored, inspected and if
    necessary, disassembled.
    Disinfection
    • It is the process of partial removal or destruction of
    organisms except spores.

    • Disinfection refers to a treatment that is designed


    to reduce the potential infectivity of a material to a
    level that effectively destroys its potential to cause
    harm. It does not necessarily remove all viable
    micro-organisms.

    • Chemical disinfection should be used routinely for


    decontamination of discarded liquid cultures,
    possibly small amounts of solid material (e.g. small
    sample tubes), surfaces and spillages.
    Types of disinfectants

    • Aldehyde mainly gluteraldehyde


    Formaldehyde ◦ should only be used for
    fumigation of laboratories
    • Alcohol
    • Virkon is often the disinfectant of choice in
    laboratories due to its wide spectrum of
    activity and less hazardous properties
    Sterilization:
    • It is the process used to render an object free
    from all organisms including spores.
    • Sterilisation is best practice for inactivating
    biological waste and is defined as effectively
    giving a 100% kill.
    • The Sterile Processing Department (SPD), also
    known as the Central Sterile Services
    Department (CSSD), is the area in a hospital
    where cleaning and sterilization of devices used
    in medical procedures takes place.
    Process of sterilization:
    • Soiled instruments from the operating
    room are first taken to the
    decontamination area to be cleaned of
    gross soils and inspected for damage.
    • The Instruments are first manually
    cleaned. Depending on the device, they
    may then go through an automated
    washing process following manual
    cleaning.
    Cont…
    • Manual cleaning requires either a two-bay sink
    or three-bay sink. In a three-sink method, each
    bay plays a role in the cleaning process.
    • Sink 1: Instruments are immersed in an
    enzymatic solution to begin breaking down soils
    • Sink 2: Instruments are immersed in a detergent
    solution and manually brushed
    • Sink 3: Instruments are thoroughly rinsed with
    clean, treated water
    Methods of sterilization:
    • Reliable sterilization depends on contact of the
    sterilizing agent with all surfaces of the item to be
    sterilized.
    Steam
    • Heat destroys microorganisms, but this process is
    hastened by the addition of moisture.
    • Pressure, greater than atmospheric, is necessary to
    increase the temperature of steam for thermal
    destruction of microbial life.
    • Death by moist heat in the form of steam under
    pressure is caused by the denaturation and coagulation
    of protein or the enzyme-protein system within the
    cells.
    • Exposure time depends upon size and contents of load,
    and temperature within the sterilizer.
    Ethylene Oxide

    • Ethylene oxide is used to sterilize items that


    are heat or moisture sensitive.
    • Ethylene oxide (EO) is a chemical agent that
    kills microorganisms, including spores, by
    interfering with the normal metabolism of
    protein and reproductive, processes,
    resulting in death of cells.
    Dry heat
    • Dry heat in the form of hot air is used
    primarily to sterilize anhydrous oils,
    petroleum products, and bulk powders that
    steam and ethylene oxide gas cannot
    penetrate.
    • Death of microbial life by dry heat is a
    physical oxidation or slow burning process of
    coagulating the protein in cells.
    Formaldehyde gas
    • Formaldehyde kills microorganisms by
    coagulation of protein in cells.
    • Used as a fumigant in gaseous form,
    formaldehyde sterilization is complex and less
    efficacious than other methods of sterilization.
    Microwaves
    • The nonionizing radiation of microwaves
    produces hyperthermic conditions that disrupt
    life processes.
    • This heating action affects water molecules and
    interferes with cell membranes.
    • Microwave sterilization uses low-pressure steam
    with the nonionizing radiation to produce
    localized heat that kills microorganisms.
    Hydrogen peroxide
    • Hydrogen peroxide is activated to create a
    reactive plasma or vapor.
    • The plasma and vapor phases of hydrogen
    peroxide are highly sporicidal even at low
    concentrations and temperature.
    Summary

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