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    Chapter Four

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    ROBSAN

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    Chapter Four

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    ROBSAN
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    chapter four.ppt

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    30 views43 pages

    Chapter Four

    Uploaded by

    ROBSAN

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 43

    Chapter four

    Electric Power Systems protection

    Generation Transmission Distribution Consumption

    M
    G

    Generation Transmission Distribution Load


    SUBSTATION EQUIPMENTS
     Transformers
     Reactors
     Circuit Breaker
     Current Transformers
     Capacitive Voltage Transformers
     Isolators
     Lightning Arrestors
     Wave Trap
     Battery system
     Auxiliary power supply
    For proper operation power system has to
    have the following.
     Protection
     Monitoring
     Control
     Communication
    Protection


    The main task for Relay Protection

    U I • Protect people and property


    around the power system

    • Protect equipment, lines etc..


    C
    E in the power system

    • Separate the faulty part from


    the rest of the power system

    © ABB Group
    April 15, 2019 | Slide 6
    K
    Fault Clearance System

    Protection System

    CT Circuit Breaker

    Circuit
    Protection Breaker
    VT Trip
    Equipment Mecha-
    Coil
    nism
    TE

    DC-System
    Requirement for protection system
    Characteristics of generating units
    y x
    1250 41
    1380 54
    1425 63
    1425 54
    1450 48
    1300 46
    1400 62
    1510 61
    1575 64
    1650 71
    The goal of economic dispatch is to determine the
    generation dispatch that minimizes the instantaneous
    operating cost, subject to the constraint that total
    generation = total load + losses
    m
    Minimize CT  Ci ( PGi )
    i 1
    Such that
    m
     PGi  PD  PLosses
    i 1
    Initially we'll ignore generator limits and the losses

    For the economic dispatch we have a minimization


    constrained with a single equality constraint
    m m
    L(PG ,  )   Ci ( PGi )   ( PD   PGi ) (no losses)
    i 1 i 1
    The necessary conditions for a minimum are
    L(PG ,  ) dCi ( PGi )
        0 (for i  1 to m)
    PGi dPGi
    m
    PD   PGi  0
    i 1

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